Chapter 235

Car"i*ca*ture (?) , n. [It. caricatura , fr. caricare to charge, overload, exaggerate. See Charge , v. t. ] 1. An exaggeration, or distortion by exaggeration, of parts or characteristics, as in a picture.

2. A picture or other figure or description in which the peculiarities of a person or thing are so exaggerated as to appear ridiculous; a burlesque; a parody. [Formerly written caricatura .]

The truest likeness of the prince of French literature will be the one that has most of the look of a caricature . I. Taylor.

A grotesque caricature of virtue. Macaulay.

Caricature <Xpage=218>

Car"i*ca*ture , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Caricatured (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Caricaturing .] To make or draw a caricature of; to represent with ridiculous exaggeration; to burlesque.

He could draw an ill face, or caricature a good one, with a masterly hand. Lord Lyttelton.

Caricaturist <Xpage=218>

Car"i*ca*tu`rist (?) , n. One who caricatures.

Caricous <Xpage=218>

Car"i*cous (?) , a. [L. carica a kind of dry fig.] Of the shape of a fig; as, a caricous tumor .

Graig.

Caries <Xpage=218>

Ca"ri*es (?) , n. [L., decay.] (Med.) Ulceration of bone; a process in which bone disintegrates and is carried away piecemeal, as distinguished from necrosis , in which it dies in masses.

Carillon <Xpage=218>

Car"il*lon (?) , n. [F. carillon a chime of bells, originally consisting of four bells, as if fr.. (assumed) L. quadrilio , fr. quatuer four.]

1. (Mus.) A chime of bells diatonically tuned, played by clockwork or by finger keys.

2. A tune adapted to be played by musical bells.

Carina <Xpage=218>

Ca*ri"na (?) , n. [L., keel.] 1. (Bot.) A keel . (a) That part of a papilionaceous flower, consisting of two petals, commonly united, which incloses the organs of fructification . (b) A longitudinal ridge or projection like the keel of a boat.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The keel of the breastbone of birds.

Carinaria <Xpage=218>

Car`i*na"ri*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. carina keel.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of oceanic heteropod Mollusca, having a thin, glassy, bonnet-shaped shell, which covers only the nucleus and gills.

Carinat\'91 <Xpage=218>

Car`i*na"t\'91 (?) , n. pl. [NL., Fem. pl. fr. L. carinatus . See Carinate .] A grand division of birds, including all existing flying birds; -- So called from the carina or keel on the breastbone.

Carinate, Carinated <Xpage=218>

Car"i*nate (?) , Car"i*na`ted (?) a. [L. carinatus , fr. carina keel.] Shaped like the keel or prow of a ship; having a carina or keel; as, a carinate calyx or leaf; a carinate sternum (of a bird).

Cariole <Xpage=218>

Car"i*ole (?) , n. [F. carriole , dim. fr. L. carrus . See Car , and Carryall .] (a) A small, light, open one-horse carriage . (b) A covered cart . (c) A kind of calash. See Carryall .

Cariopsis <Xpage=218>

Car"i*op"sis (?) , n. See Caryopsis .

Cariosity <Xpage=218>

Ca`ri*os"i*ty (?) , n. (Med.) Caries.

Carious <Xpage=218>

Ca"ri*ous (?) , a. [L. cariosus , fr. caries dacay.] Affected with caries; decaying; as, a carious tooth .

Cark <Xpage=218>

Cark (?) , n. [OE. cark , fr. a dialectic form of F. charge ; cf. W. carc anxiety, care, Arm karg charge, burden. See Charge , and cf. Cargo .] A noxious or corroding care; solicitude; worry. [Archaic.]

His heavy head, devoid of careful cark . Spenser.

Fling cark and care aside. Motherwell.

Ereedom from the cares of money and the cark of fashion. R. D. Blackmore.

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Cark <Xpage=219>

Cark (?) , v. i. To be careful, anxious, solicitous, or troubles in mind; to worry or grieve. [R.]

Beau. & fl.

Cark <Xpage=219>

Cark , v. t. To vex; to worry; to make by anxious care or worry. [R.]

Nor can a man, independently . . . of God's blessing, care and cark himself one penny richer. South.

Carkanet <Xpage=219>

Car"ka*net (?) , n. A carcanet.

Southey.

Carking <Xpage=219>

Cark"ing (?) , a. Distressing; worrying; perplexing; corroding; as, carking cares .

Carl <Xpage=219>

Carl (?) , n. [Icel, karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl , OHG. charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl .] [Written also carle .] 1. A rude, rustic man; a churl.

The miller was a stout carl . Chaucer.

2. Large stalks of hemp which bear the seed; -- called also carl hemp .

3. pl. A kind of food. See citation, below.

Caring or carl are gray steeped in water and fried the next day in butter or fat. They are eaten on the second Sunday before Easter, formerly called Carl Sunday. Robinson's Whitby Glossary (1875).

Carlin <Xpage=219>

Car"lin (?) , n. [Dim., fr. carl male.] An old woman. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

Carline, Caroline <Xpage=219>

Car"line (?) , Car"o*line (?) , n. [F. carin ; cf. It. carlino ; -- so called from Carlo (Charles) VI. of Naples.] A silver coin once current in some parts of Italy, worth about seven cents.

Simmonds.

Carline, Carling <Xpage=219>

Car"line (?) , Car"ling (?) n. [Cf. F. carlingur , Sp. Pg., & It. carlinga .] (Naut.) A short timber running lengthwise of a ship, from one transverse desk beam to another; also, one of the cross timbers that strengthen a hath; -- usually in pl.

Carline thistle <Xpage=219>

Car"line this`tle (?) . [F. carline , It., Sp., & Pg., carline , Said to be so called from the Emperor Charlemagne, whose army is reputed to have used it as a remedy for pestilence.] (Bot.) A prickly plant of the genus Carlina ( C. vulgaris ), found in Europe and Asia.

Carlings <Xpage=219>

Car"lings (?) , n. pl. Same as Carl , 3 .

Carling Sunday , a Sunday in Lent when carls are eaten. In some parts of England, Passion Sunday. See Carl , 4 .

Carlist <Xpage=219>

Car"list (?) , n. A parisan of Charles X . Of France, or of Dod Carlos of Spain.

Carlock <Xpage=219>

Car"lock (?) , n. [F. carlock , fr. Russ. Karl\'a3k' .] A sort of Russian isinglass, made from the air bladder of the sturgeon, and used in clarifying wine.

Carlot <Xpage=219>

Car"lot (?) , n. [From Carl .] A churl; a boor; a peasant or countryman. [Obs.]

Shak.

Carlovingian <Xpage=219>

Car`lo*vin"gi*an (?) , a. [F. Carlovingen .] Pertaining to, founded by, of descended from, Charlemagne; as, the Carlovingian race of kings .

Carmagnole <Xpage=219>

Car`ma`gnole" (?) , n. [F.] 1. A popular or Red Rebublican song and dance, of the time of the first French Revolution.

They danced and yelled the carmagnole . Compton Reade.

2. A bombastic report from the French armies.

Carman <Xpage=219>

Car"man (?) , n. ; pl. Carmen (<?/) A man whose employment is to drive, or to convey goods in, a car or car.

Carmelite, Carmelin <Xpage=219>

Car"mel*ite (?) , Car"mel*in a. Of or pertaining to the order of Carmelites.

Carmelite <Xpage=219>

Car"mel*ite (?) , n. 1. (Eccl. Hist.) A friar of a mendicant order (the Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel) established on Mount Carmel, in Syria, in the twelfth century; a White Friar.

2. A nun of the Order of Our lady of Mount Carmel.

Carminated <Xpage=219>

Car"mi*na`ted (?) , a. Of, relating to, or mixed with, carmine; as, carminated lake .

Tomlinson.

Carminative <Xpage=219>

Car*min"ative (?) , a. [NL. carminativus (<?/), fr. carminare to card hence to cleanse, fr. carmen a card for freeing wool or flax from the coarser parts, and from extraneous matter: cf. F. carminatif .] Expelling wind from the body; warning; antispasmodic. " Carmenative hot seeds."

Dunglison.

Carminative <Xpage=219>

Car*min"a*tive , n. A substance, esp. an aromatic, which tends to expel wind from the alimentary canal, or to relieve colic, griping, or flatulence.

Carmine <Xpage=219>

Car"mine (?) , n. [F. carmin (cf. Sp. carmin , It. carminio ), contr. from LL. carmesinus purple color. See Crimson .] 1. A rich red or crimson color with a shade of purple.

2. A beautiful pigment, or a lake, of this color, prepared from cochineal, and used in miniature painting.

3. (Chem.) The essential coloring principle of cochineal, extracted as a purple-red amorphous mass. It is a glucoside and possesses acid properties; -- hence called also carminic acid .

Carmine red (Chem.) , a coloring matter obtained from carmine as a purple-red substance, and probably allied to the phthale\'8bns.

Carminic <Xpage=219>

Car*min"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to, or derived from, carmine.

Carminic acid . Same as Carmine , 3.

Carmot <Xpage=219>

Car"mot (?) , n. (Alchemy) The matter of which the philosopher's stone was believed to be composed.

Carnage <Xpage=219>

Car"nage (?) , n. [F. carnage , LL. carnaticum tribute of animals, flesh of animals, fr. L. caro , carnis , flesh. See Carnal .] 1. Flesh of slain animals or men.

A miltitude of dogs came to feast on the carnage . Macaulay.

2. Great destruction of life, as in battle; bloodshed; slaughter; massacre; murder; havoc.

The more fearful carnage of the Bloody Circuit. Macaulay.

Carnal <Xpage=219>

Car"nal (?) , a. [L. carnalis , fr. caro , carnis , flesh; akin to Gr. <?/, Skr. kravya ; cf. F. charnel , Of. also carnel . Cf. Charnel .] 1. Of or pertaining to the body or is appetites; animal; fleshly; sensual; given to sensual indulgence; lustful; human or worldly as opposed to spiritual .

For ye are yet carnal . 1 Car. iii. 3.

Not sunk in carnal pleasure. Milton

rnal desires after miracles. Trench.

2. Flesh-devouring; cruel; ravenous; bloody. [Obs.]

This carnal cur Preys on the issue of his mother's body. Shak.

Carnal knowledge , sexual intercourse; -- used especially of an unlawful act on the part of the man.

Carnalism <Xpage=219>

Car"nal*ism (?) , n. The state of being carnal; carnality; sensualism. [R.]

Carnalist <Xpage=219>

Car"nal*ist (?) , n. A sensualist.

Burton.

Carnality <Xpage=219>

Car*nal"i*ty (?) , n. [L. carnalitas .] The state of being carnal; fleshly lust, or the indulgence of lust; grossness of mind.

Because of the carnality of their hearts. Tillotson.

Carnalize <Xpage=219>

Car"nal*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Carnalized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Carnalizing .] To make carnal; to debase to carnality.

A sensual and carnalized spirit. John Scott.

Carnallite <Xpage=219>

Car"nal*lite (?) , n. [G. carnallit , fr. Von Carnall , a Prussian.] (Min.) A hydrous chloride of potassium and magnesium, sometimes found associated with deposits of rock salt.

Carnally <Xpage=219>

Car"nal*ly (?) , adv. According to the flesh, to the world, or to human nature; in a manner to gratify animal appetites and lusts; sensually.

For to be carnally minded is death; but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Rom. viii. 6.

Carnal-minded <Xpage=219>

Car"nal-mind`ed (?) , a. Worldly-minded.

Carnal-mindedness <Xpage=219>

Car"nal-mind"ed*ness , n. Grossness of mind.

Carnary <Xpage=219>

Car"na*ry (?) , n. [L. carnarium , fr. caro , carnis , flesh.] A vault or crypt in connection with a church, used as a repository for human bones disintered from their original burial places; a charnel house.

Carnassial <Xpage=219>

Car*nas"si*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. carnassier carnivorous, and L. caro , carnis , flesh.] (Anat.) Adapted to eating flesh. -- n. A carnassial tooth; especially, the last premolar in many carnivores.

Carnate <Xpage=219>

Car"nate (?) , a. [L. carnatus fleshy.] Invested with, or embodied in, flesh.

Carnation <Xpage=219>

Car*na"tion (?) , n. [F. carnation the flesh tints in a painting, It carnagione , fr. L. carnatio fleshiness, fr. caro , carnis , flesh. See Carnal .] 1. The natural color of flesh; rosy pink.

Her complexion of the delicate carnation . Ld. Lytton.

2. pl. (Paint.) Those parts of a picture in which the human body or any part of it is represented in full color; the flesh tints.

The flesh tints in painting are termed carnations . Fairholt.

3. (Bot.) A species of Dianthus ( D. Caryophyllus ) or pink, having very beautiful flowers of various colors, esp. white and usually a rich, spicy scent.

Carnationed <Xpage=219>

Car*na"tioned (?) , a. Having a flesh color.

Carnauba <Xpage=219>

Car*nau"ba (?) , n. (Bot.) The Brazilian wax palm. See Wax palm .

Carnelian <Xpage=219>

Car*nel"ian (?) , n. [For carnelian ; influenced by L. carneus fleshy, of flesh, because of its flesh red color. See Cornellan .] (Min.) A variety of chalcedony, of a clear, deep red, flesh red, or reddish white color. It is moderately hard, capable of a good polish, and often used for seals.

Carneous <Xpage=219>

Car"ne*ous (?) , a. [L. carneus , from caro , carnis , flesh.] Consisting of, or like, flesh; carnous; fleshy. " Carneous fibers."

Ray.

Carney <Xpage=219>

Car"ney (?) , n. [Cf. L. carneus flesh.] (Far.) A disease of horses, on which the mouth is so furred that the afflicted animal can not eat.

Carnifex <Xpage=219>

Car"ni*fex (?) , n. [L., fr. caro , carnis , flesh + facere to make.] (Antiq.) The public executioner at Rome, who executed persons of the lowest rank; hence, an executioner or hangman.

Carnification <Xpage=219>

Car`ni*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. carnification .] The act or process of turning to flesh, or to a substance resembling flesh.

Carnify <Xpage=219>

Car"ni*fy (?) , v. i. [LL. carnificare , fr. L. o , carnis , flesh + facere to make: cf. F. carnifier .] To form flesh; to become like flesh.

Sir M. Hale.

Carnin <Xpage=219>

Car"nin (?) , n. [L. caro , canis , flesh.] (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance, found in extract of meat, and related to xanthin.

Carnival <Xpage=219>

Car"ni*val (?) , n. [It. carnevale , prob. for older carnelevale , prop., the putting away of meat; fr. L. caro , carnis , flesh _ levare to take away, lift up, fr. levis light.] 1. A festival celebrated with merriment and revelry in Roman Gatholic countries during the week before Lent, esp. at Rome and Naples, during a few days (three to ten) before Lent, ending with Shrove Tuesday.

The carnival at Venice is everywhere talked of. Addison.

2. Any merrymaking, feasting, or masquerading, especially when overstepping the bounds of decorum; a time of riotous excess.

Tennyson.

He saw the lean dogs beneath the wall Hold o'er the dead their carnival Byron.

Carnivora <Xpage=219>

Car*niv"o*ra (?) , n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. from L. carnivorus . See Carnivorous .] (Zo\'94l.) An order of Mammallia including the lion, tiger, wolf bear, seal, etc. They are adapted by their structure to feed upon flesh, though some of them, as the bears, also eat vegetable food. The teeth are large and sharp, suitable for cutting flesh, and the jaws powerful.

Carnivoracity <Xpage=219>

Car*niv`o*rac"i*ty (?) , n. Greediness of appetite for flesh. [Sportive.]

Pope.

Carnivore <Xpage=219>

Car`ni*vore (?) , n. [Cf. F. carnivore .] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Carnivora .

Carnivorous <Xpage=219>

Car*niv"o*rous (?) , a. [L. carnivorus ; caro , carnis , flesh + varare to devour.] Eating or feeding on flesh. The term is applied: (a) to animals which naturally seek flesh for food, as the tiger, dog, etc.; (b) to plants which are supposed to absorb animal food; (c) to substances which destroy animal tissue, as caustics.

Carnose, Carnous <Xpage=219>

Car*nose (?) , Car"*nous (?) , a. [L. carnosus , fr. caro , carnis , flesh: cf. OF. carneux , F. charneux .] 1. Of a pertaining to flesh; fleshy.

A distinct carnose muscle. Ray.

2. (Bot.) Of a fleshy consistence; -- applied to succulent leaves, stems, etc.

Carnosity <Xpage=219>

Car*nos"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. carnosit\'82 .]

1. (Med.) A fleshy excrescence; esp. a small excrescence or fungous growth.

Wiseman.

2. Fleshy substance or quality; fleshy covering.

[Consciences] overgrown with so hard a carnosity . Spelman.

The olives, indeed be very small there, and bigger than capers; yet commended they are for their carnosity . Holland.

Carob <Xpage=219>

Car"ob (?) , n. [Cf. F. caroube fruit of the carob tree, Sp. garrobo , al-garrobo , carob tree, fr. Ar. kharr\'d4b , Per. Kharn\'d4b . Cf. Clgaroba .] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen leguminous tree ( Ceratania Siliqua ) found in the countries bordering the Mediterranean; the St. John's bread; -- called also carob tree .

2. One of the long, sweet, succulent, pods of the carob tree, which are used as food for animals and sometimes eaten by man; -- called also St. John's bread , carob bean , and algaroba bean .

Caroche <Xpage=219>