Chapter 232

A bare-footed and long-bearded capuchin . Sir W. Scott.

2. A garment for women, consisting of a cloak and hood, resembling, or supposed to resemble, that of capuchin monks.

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A long-tailed South American monkey ( Cabus capucinus ), having the forehead naked and wrinkled, with the hair on the crown reflexed and resembling a monk's cowl, the rest being of a grayish white; -- called also capucine monkey , weeper , sajou , sapajou , and sai . (b) Other species of Cabus , as C. fatuellus (the brown or horned capucine .), C. albifrons (the cararara ), and C. apella . (c) A variety of the domestic pigeon having a hoodlike tuft of feathers on the head and sides of the neck.

Capuchin nun , one of an austere order of Franciscan nuns which came under Capuchin rule in 1538. The order had recently been founded by Maria Longa.

Capucine <Xpage=215>

Cap"u*cine (?) , n. See Capuchin , 3.

Capulet <Xpage=215>

Cap"u*let (?) , n. (Far.) Same as Capellet .

Capulin <Xpage=215>

Cap"u*lin (?) , n. [Sp. capuli .] The Mexican chery ( Prunus Capollin ).

Caput <Xpage=215>

Ca"put , n. ; pl. Capita (#) . [L., the head.] 1. (Anat.) The head; also, a knoblike protuberance or capitulum.

2. The top or superior part of a thing.

3. (Eng.) The council or ruling body of the University of Cambridge prior to the constitution of 1856.

Your caputs and heads of colleges. Lamb.

Caput mortuum (<?/) . [L., dead head.] (Old Chem.) The residuum after distillation or sublimation; hence, worthless residue.

Capybara <Xpage=215>

Ca`py*ba"ra (?) , n. [Sp. capibara , fr. the native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A large South American rodent ( Hydroch\'91rus capybara ) Living on the margins of lakes and rivers. It is the largest extant rodent, being about three feet long, and half that in height. It somewhat resembles the Guinea pig, to which it is related; -- called also cabiai and water hog .

<page="216"> Page 216

Car <Xpage=216>

Car (?) , n. [OF. car , char , F. cahr , fr. L. carrus , Wagon: a Celtic word; cf. W. car , Armor. karr , Ir. & Gael. carr . cf. Chariot .] 1. A small vehicle moved on wheels; usually, one having but two wheels and drawn by one horse; a cart.

2. A vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad. [U. S.]

&hand; In England a railroad passenger car is called a railway carriage ; a freight car a goods wagon ; a platform car a goods truck ; a baggage car a van . But styles of car introduced into England from America are called cars ; as, tram car . Pullman car . See Train .

3. A chariot of war or of triumph; a vehicle of splendor, dignity, or solemnity. [Poetic] .

The gilded car of day. Milton.

The towering car , the sable steeds. Tennyson.

4. (Astron.) The stars also called Charles's Wain, the Great Bear, or the Dipper.

The Pleiads, Hyads, and the Northern Car . Dryden.

5. The cage of a lift or elevator.

6. The basket, box, or cage suspended from a ballon to contain passengers, ballast, etc.

7. A floating perforated box for living fish. [U. S.]

Car coupling , or Car coupler , a shackle or other device for connecting the cars in a railway train. [U. S.] -- Dummy car (Railroad) , a car containing its own steam power or locomotive. -- Freight car (Railrood) , a car for the transportation of merchandise or other goods. [U. S.] -- Hand car (Railroad) , a small car propelled by hand, used by railroad laborers, etc. [U. S.] -- Horse car , or Street car , an ommibus car, draw by horses or other power upon rails laid in the streets. [U. S.] -- Mcol> Palace car , Drawing-room car , Sleeping car , Parior car etc. , (Railroad) , cars especially designed and furnished for the comfort of travelers.

Carabid <Xpage=216>

Car"a*bid (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the genus Carbus or family Carabid\'91 . -- n. One of the Carabid\'91 , a family of active insectivorous beetles.

Carabine <Xpage=216>

Car"a*bine (?) , n. (Mil.) A carbine.

Carabineer <Xpage=216>

Car`a*bi*neer" (?) , n. A carbineer.

Caraboid <Xpage=216>

Car"a*boid (?) , a. [ Carabus + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to the genus Carabus .

Carabus <Xpage=216>

Car"a*bus (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a horned beetle.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of ground beetles, including numerous species. They devour many injurious insects.

Carac <Xpage=216>

Car"ac (?) , n. See Carack .

Caracal <Xpage=216>

Car"a*cal (?) , n. [F. caracal , fr. Turk garahgootag ; garah black + goofag ear.] (Zo\'94l.) A lynx ( Felis, or Lynx, caracal.) It is a native of Africa and Asia. Its ears are black externally, and tipped with long black hairs.

Caracara <Xpage=216>

Ca"`ra*ca"ra (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A south American bird of several species and genera, resembling both the eagles and the vultures. The caracaras act as scavengers, and are also called carrion buzzards .

&hand; The black caracara is Ibycter ater ; the chimango is Milvago chimango ; the Brazilian is Polyborus Braziliensis .

Carack <Xpage=216>

Car"ack (?) , n. [F. caraque (cf. Sp. & Pg. carraca , It. caracca .), LL. carraca , fr. L. carrus wagon; or perh. fr. Ar. qorq\'d4r (pl. qar\'beqir ) a carack.] (Naut.) A kind of large ship formerly used by the Spaniards and Portuguese in the East India trade; a galleon. [Spelt also carrack .]

The bigger whale like some huge carrack law. Waller.

Caracole <Xpage=216>

Car"a*cole (?) , n. [F. caracole , caracol , fr. Sp. caracol snail, winding staircase, a wheeling about.]

1. (Man.) A half turn which a horseman makes, either to the right or the left.

2. (Arch.) A staircase in a spiral form.

En caracole (<?/) [F.] , spiral; -- said of a staircase.

Caracole <Xpage=216>

Car"a*cole (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Caracoled (?) .] [Cf. F. caracoler .] (Man.) To move in a caracole, or in caracoles; to wheel.

Prince John caracoled within the lists. Sir W. Scott.

Caracoly <Xpage=216>

Car"a*col`y (?) , n. An alloy of gold, silver, and copper, of which an inferior quality of jewerly is made.

Caracore, Caracora <Xpage=216>

Car"a*core (?) , Car"a*co`ra (?) , n. [Malay kurakura .] A light vessel or proa used by the people of Borneo, etc., and by the Dutch in the East Indies.

Carafe <Xpage=216>

Ca*rafe" (?) , n. [F.] A glass water bottle for the table or toilet; -- called also croft .

Carageen &or; Caragheen <Xpage=216>

Car"a*geen` &or; Car"a*gheen` (?) , n. See Carrageen .

Carambola <Xpage=216>

Ca`ram*bo"la (?) , n. (Bot.) An East Indian tree ( Averrhoa Carambola ), and its acid, juicy fruit; called also Coromandel gooseberry .

Caramel <Xpage=216>

Car"a*mel (?) , n. [F. caramel (cf. Sp. caramelo ), LL. canna mellis , cannamella , canamella , calamellus mellitus , sugar cane, from or confused with L. canna reed + mel , mellis , honey. See Cane .] 1. (Chem.) Burnt sugar; a brown or black porous substance obtained by heating sugar. It is soluble in water, and is used for coloring spirits, gravies, etc.

2. A kind of confectionery, usually a small cube or square of tenacious paste, or candy, of varying composition and flavor.

Carangoid <Xpage=216>

Ca*ran"goid (?) , a. [ Caranx + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Carangid\'91 , a family of fishes allied to the mackerels, and including the caranx, American bluefish, and the pilot fish.

Caranx <Xpage=216>

Ca"ranx (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, common on the Atlantic coast, including the yellow or goldon mackerel.

Carapace <Xpage=216>

Car"a*pace (?) , n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) The thick shell or sheild which cover the back of the tortoise, or turtle, the crab, and other crustaceous animals.

Carapato <Xpage=216>

Ca`ra*pa"to (?) , n. [Pg. carrapato .] (Zo\'94l.) A south American tick of the genus Amblyamma . There are several species, very troublesome to man and beast.

Carapax <Xpage=216>

Car"a*pax (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Carapace .

Carat <Xpage=216>

Car"at (?) , n. [F. carat (cf. It. carato , OPg. quirate , Pg. & Sp. quilate ), Ar. q<?/r<?/t bean or pea shell, a weight of four grins, a carat, fr. Gr. <?/ a little horn, the fruit of the carob tree, a weight, a carat. See Horn .] 1. The weight by which precious stones and pearls are weighed.

&hand; The carat equals three and one fifth grains Troy, and is divided into four grains, sometimes called carat grains . Diamonds and other precious stones are estimated by carats and fractions of carats, and pearls, usually, by carat grains.

Titfany.

2. A twenty-fourth part; -- a term used in estimating the proportionate fineness of gold.

&hand; A mass of metal is said to be so many carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourths of pure gold which it contains; as, 22 carats fine (goldsmith's standard) = 22 parts of gold, 1 of copper, and 1 of silver.

Caravan <Xpage=216>

Car"a*van (?) , n. [F. caravane (cf. Sp. caravana ), fr. Per. karmw\'ben a caravan (in sense 1). Cf. Van a wagon.] 1. A company of travelers, pilgrims, or merchants, organized and equipped for a long journey, or marching or traveling together, esp. through deserts and countries infested by robbers or hostile tribes, as in Asia or Africa.

2. A large, covered wagon, or a train of such wagons, for conveying wild beasts, etc., for exhibition; an itinerant show, as of wild beasts.

3. A covered vehicle for carrying passengers or for moving furniture, etc.; -- sometimes shorted into van .

Caravaneer <Xpage=216>

Car`a*van*eer" (?) , n. [Cf. F. caravanier .] The leader or driver of the camels in caravan.

Caravansary <Xpage=216>

Car`a*van"sa*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Caravansaries (#) [F. caravans\'82rai , fr. Per. karw\'bensar\'be\'8b ; karw\'ben caravan + -sar\'be\'8b palace, large house, inn.] A kind of inn, in the East, where caravans rest at night, being a large, rude, unfurnished building, surrounding a court. [Written also caravanserai and caravansera .]

Caravel <Xpage=216>

Car"a*vel (?) , n. [F. caravelle (cf. It. caravella , Sp. carabela ), fr. Sp. caraba a kind of vessel, fr. L. carabus a kind of light boat, fr. Gr. <?/ a kind of light ship, NGr. <?/ ship, vessel.] [written also caravel and caravelle .] (Naut.) A name given to several kinds of vessels. (a) The caravel of the 16th century was a small vessel with broad bows, high, narrow poop, four masts, and lateen sails. Columbus commanded three caravels on his great voyage. (b) A Portuguese vessel of 100 or 150 tons burden. (c) A small fishing boat used on the French coast. (d) A Turkish man-of-war.

Caraway <Xpage=216>

Car"a*way (?) , n. [F. carvi (cf. Sp. carvi and al-caravea , al-carahueya , Pg. al-caravia ) fr. Ar. karaw\'c6\'be fr. Gr. <?/; cf. L. caraum .] 1. (Bot.) A biennial plant of the Parsley family ( Carum Carui ). The seeds have an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste. They are used in cookery and confectionery, and also in medicine as a carminative.

2. A cake or sweetmeat containing caraway seeds.

Caraways , or biscuits, or some other [comfits]. Cogan.

Carbamic <Xpage=216>

Car*bam"ic (?) , a. [ Carbon + amido .] (Chem.) Pertaining to an acid so called.

Carbamic acid (Chem.) , an amido acid, NH2.CO2H , not existing in the free state, but occurring as a salt of ammonium in commercial ammonium carbonate; -- called also amido formic acid .

Carbamide <Xpage=216>

Car*bam"ide (?) , n. [ Carbonyl + amide .] (Chem.) The technical name for urea.

Carbamine <Xpage=216>

Car*bam"ine (?) , n. (Chem.) An isocyanide of a hydrocarbon radical. The carbamines are liquids, usually colorless, and of unendurable odor.

Carbanil <Xpage=216>

Car"ba*nil (?) , n. [ Carbonyl + anil ine.] (Chem.) A mobile liquid, CO.N.C6H5 , of pungent odor. It is the phenyl salt of isocyanic acid.

Carbazol <Xpage=216>

Car"ba*zol (?) , n. [ Carb on + azo + -ol .] (Chem.) A white crystallized substance, C12H8NH , derived from aniline and other amines.

Carbazotate <Xpage=216>

Car*baz"o*tate (?) , n. (Chem.) A salt of carbazotic or picric acid; a picrate.

Carbazotic <Xpage=216>

Car`ba*zot"ic (?) , a. [ Carb on + azole.] Containing, or derived from, carbon and nitrogen.

Carbazotic acid (Chem.) , picric acid. See under Picric .

Carbide <Xpage=216>

Car"bide (?) , n. [ Carb on + -ide .] (Chem.) A binary compound of carbon with some other element or radical, in which the carbon plays the part of a negative; -- formerly termed carburet .

Carbimide <Xpage=216>

Car"bi*mide (?) , n. [ Carbon + imide ] (Chem.) The technical name for isocyanic acid. See under Isocyanic .

Carbine <Xpage=216>

Car"bine (?) , n. [F. carbine , OF. calabrin carabineer (cf. Ot. calabrina a policeman), fr. OF & Pr. calabre , OF. cable , chable , an engine of war used in besieging, fr. LL. chadabula , cabulus , a kind of projectile machine, fr. Gr. <?/ a throwing down, fr. <?/ to throw; <?/ down + <?/ to throw. Cf. Parable .] (Mil.) A short, light musket or rifle, esp. one used by mounted soldiers or cavalry.

Carbineer <Xpage=216>

Car`bi*neer" (?) , n. [F. carabinier .] (Mil.) A soldier armed with a carbine.

Carbinol <Xpage=216>

Car"bi*nol (?) , n. [ Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical) + -ol .] (Chem.) Methyl alcohol, CH3OH ; -- also, by extension, any one in the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol is the type.

Carbohydrate <Xpage=216>

Car`bo*hy"drate (?) , n. [ Carbon + hydrate .] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, C6H12O6 .

Carbohydride <Xpage=216>

Car`bo*hy"dride (?) , n. [ Carbon + hydrogen .] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon.

Carbolic <Xpage=216>

Car*bol"ic (?) , a. [L. carbo coal + oleum oil.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid derived from coal tar and other sources; as, carbolic acid (called also phenic acid , and phenol ) . See Phenol .

Carbolize <Xpage=216>

Car"bo*lize (?) , v. t. (Med.) To apply carbonic acid to; to wash or treat with carbolic acid.

Carbon <Xpage=216>

Car"bon (?) , n. [F. carbone , fr. L. carbo coal; cf, Skr. <?/ to cook.] (Chem.) An elementary substance, not metallic in its nature, which is present in all organic compounds. Atomic weight 11.97. Symbol C. it is combustible, and forms the base of lampblack and charcoal, and enters largely into mineral coals. In its pure crystallized state it constitutes the diamond, the hardest of known substances, occuring in monometric crystals like the octahedron, etc. Another modification is graphite, or blacklead, and in this it is soft, and occurs in hexagonal prisms or tables. When united with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, commonly called carbonic acid, or carbonic oxide, according to the proportions of the oxygen; when united with hydrogen, it forms various compounds called hydrocarbons. Compare Diamond , and Graphite .

Carbon compounds , Compounds of carbon (Chem.) , those compounds consisting largely of carbon, commonly produced by animals and plants, and hence called organic compounds , though their synthesis may be effected in many cases in the laboratory.

The formation of the compounds of carbon is not dependent upon the life process. I. Remsen

- Carbon dioxide , Carbon monoxide . (Chem.) See under Carbonic . -- Carbon light (Elec.) , an extremely brilliant electric light produced by passing a galvanic current through two carbon points kept constantly with their apexes neary in contact. -- Carbon point (Elec.) , a small cylinder or bit of gas carbon moved forward by clockwork so that, as it is burned away by the electric current, it shall contantly maintain its proper relation to the opposing point. -- Carbon tissue , paper coated with gelatine and pigment, used in the autotype process of photography. Abney . -- Gas carbon , a compact variety of carbon obtained as an incrustation on the interior of gas retorts, and used for the manufacture of the carbon rods of pencils for the voltaic, arc, and for the plates of voltaic batteries, etc.

Carbonaceous <Xpage=216>

Car"bo*na`ceous (?) , a. Pertaining to, containing, or composed of, carbon.

Carbonade, Carbonado <Xpage=216>

Car"bo*nade (?) , Car`bo*na"do (?) , n. [Cf. F. carbonnade , It. carbonata , Sp. carbonada , from L. carbo coal.] (Cookery) Flesh, fowl, etc., cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals; a chop. [Obs.]

Carbonado, Carbonade <Xpage=216>

Car`bo*na"do (?) , Car"bo*nade (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Carbonadoed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Carbonadoing .] 1. To cut (meat) across for frying or broiling; to cut or slice and broil. [Obs.]

A short-legged hen daintily carbonadoed . Bean. & Fl.

2. To cut or hack, as in fighting. [Obs.]