Chapter 220

Cal`e*fac"tion (?) , n. [L. calefactio : cf. F. cal\'82faction .] 1. The act of warming or heating; the production of heat in a body by the action of fire, or by communication of heat from other bodies.

2. The state of being heated.

Calefactive <Xpage=204>

Cal`e*fac"tive (?) , a. See Calefactory . [R.]

Calefactor <Xpage=204>

Cal`e*fac"tor (?) , n. A heater; one who, or that which, makes hot, as a stove, etc.

Calefactory <Xpage=204>

Cal`e*fac"to*ry (?) , a. [L. calefactorius .] Making hot; producing or communicating heat.

Calefactory <Xpage=204>

Cal`e*fac"to*ry , n. 1. (Eccl.) An apartment in a monastery, warmed and used as a sitting room.

2. A hollow sphere of metal, filled with hot water, or a chafing dish, placed on the altar in cold weather for the priest to warm his hands with.

Calefy <Xpage=204>

Cal"e*fy (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Calefied (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Calefying .] [L. calere to be warm + -fy ] To make warm or hot.

Calefy <Xpage=204>

Cal"e*fy , v. i. To grow hot or warm.

Sir T. Browne.

Calembour <Xpage=204>

Cal"em*bour` (?) , n. [F.] A pun.

Calendar <Xpage=204>

Cal"en*dar (?) , n. [OE. kalender , calender , fr. L. kalendarium an interest or account book (cf. F. calendrier , OF. calendier ) fr. L. calendue , kalendae , calends. See Calends .] 1. An orderly arrangement of the division of time, adapted to the purposes of civil life, as years, months, weeks, and days; also, a register of the year with its divisions; an almanac.

2. (Eccl.) A tabular statement of the dates of feasts, offices, saints' days, etc., esp. of those which are liable to change yearly according to the varying date of Easter.

3. An orderly list or enumeration of persons, things, or events; a schedule; as, a calendar of state papers; a calendar of bills presented in a legislative assemblly; a calendar of causes arranged for trial in court; a calendar of a college or an academy.

Shepherds of people had need know the calendars of tempests of state.

Bacon.

Calendar clock , one that shows the days of the week and month. -- Calendar month . See under Month . -- French Republican calendar . See under Vend\'82miaire . -- Gregorian calendar , Julian calendar , Perpetual calendar . See under Gregorian , Julian , and Perpetual .

Calendar <Xpage=204>

Cal"en*dar , v. t. [ Imp. & p. p. Calendared (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Calendaring .] To enter or write in a calendar; to register.

Waterhouse.

Calendarial <Xpage=204>

Cal`en*da"ri*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the calendar or a calendar.

Calendary <Xpage=204>

Cal"en*da*ry (?) , a. Calendarial. [Obs.]

Calender <Xpage=204>

Cal"en*der (?) , n. [F. calandre , LL. calendra , corrupted fr. L. cylindrus a cylinder, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. See Cylinider .] 1. A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper, etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance. It consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.

2. One who pursues the business of calendering.

My good friend the calender . Cawper.

Calender <Xpage=204>

Cal"en*der (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Calendered (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Calendering .] [Cf. F. calandrer . See Calender , n. ] To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper, etc.

Ure.

Calender <Xpage=204>

Cal"en*der , n. [Per. qalender .] One of a sect or order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes.

Calendographer <Xpage=204>

Cal`en*dog"ra*pher (?) , n. [ Calendar + -graph + er .] One who makes calendars. [R.]

Calendrer <Xpage=204>

Cal"en*drer (?) , n. A person who calenders cloth; a calender.

Calendric, Calendrical <Xpage=204>

Ca*len"dric (?) , Ca*len"dric*al (?) , a. , Of or pertaining to a calendar.

Calends <Xpage=204>

Cal"ends (?) , n. pl. [OE. kalendes month, calends, AS. calend month, fr. L. calendae ; akin to calare to call, proclaim, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/. CF. Claim .] The first day of each month in the ancient Roman calendar. [Written also kalends .]

The Greek calends , a time that will never come, as the Greeks had no calends.

Calendula <Xpage=204>

Ca*len"du*la (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. calendae calends.] (Bot.) A genus of composite herbaceous plants. One species, Calendula officinalis , is the common marigold, and was supposed to blossom on the calends of every month, whence the name.

Calendulin <Xpage=204>

Ca*len"du*lin (?) , n. (Chem.) A gummy or mucilaginous tasteless substance obtained from the marigold or calendula, and analogous to bassorin.

Calenture <Xpage=204>

Cal"en*ture (?) , n. [F. calenture , fr. Sp. calenture heat, fever, fr. calentar to heat, fr. p. pr. of L. calere to be warm .] (Med.) A name formerly given to various fevers occuring in tropics; esp. to a form of furious delirium accompanied by fever, among sailors, which sometimes led the affected person to imagine the sea to be a green field, and to throw himself into it.

Calenture <Xpage=204>

Cal"en*ture , v. i. To see as in the delirium of one affected with calenture. [Poetic]

Hath fed on pageants floating through the air Or calentures in depths of limpid flood. Wordsworth.

Calescence <Xpage=204>

Ca*les"cence (?) , n. [L. calescens , p . pr . of calescere , incho. of calere to be warm.] Growing warmth; increasing heat.

Calf <Xpage=204>

Calf (?) , n. ; pl. Calves (#) . [OE. calf , kelf , AS. cealf ; akin to D. kalf , G. kalb , Icel. k\'belfr , Sw. kalf , Dan. kalv , Goth. kalb\'d3 ; cf. Skr. garbha fetus, young, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/, Skr grabh to seize, conceive, Ir. colpa , colpach , a calf. \'fb222.] 1. The young of the cow, or of the Bovine family of quadrupeds. Also, the young of some other mammals, as of the elephant, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, and whale.

2. Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-colored leather used in bookbinding; as, to bind books in calf .

3. An awkward or silly boy or young man; any silly person; a dolt. [Colloq.]

Some silly, doting, brainless calf . Drayton.

4. A small island near a larger; as, the Calf of Man .

5. A small mass of ice set free from the submerged part of a glacier or berg, and rising to the surface.

Kane.

6. [Cf. Icel. k\'belfi .] The fleshy hinder part of the leg below the knee.

Calf's-foot jelly , jelly made from the feet of calves. The gelatinous matter of the feet is extracted by boiling, and is flavored with sugar, essences, etc.

Calfskin <Xpage=204>

Calf"skin` (?) , n. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather made of the skin.

Cali <Xpage=204>

Ca"li (?) , n. (Hindoo Myth.) The tenth avatar or incarnation of the god Vishnu. [Written also Kali .]

Caliber, Calibre <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*ber , Cal"ibre (?) , n. [F. calibre , perh. fr. L. qualibra of what pound, of what weight; hence, of what size, applied first to a ball or bullet; cf. also Ar. q\'belib model, mold. Cf. Calipers , Calivere .]

1. (Gunnery) The diameter of the bore, as a cannon or other firearm, or of any tube; or the weight or size of the projectile which a firearm will carry; as, an 8 inch gun, a 12-pounder, a 44 caliber .

The caliber of empty tubes. Reid.

A battery composed of three guns of small caliber . Prescott.

&hand; The caliber of firearms is expressed in various ways. Cannon are often designated by the weight of a solid spherical shot that will fit the bore; as, a 12-pounder; pieces of ordnance that project shell or hollow shot are designated by the diameter of their bore; as, a 12 inch mortar or a 14 inch shell gun; small arms are designated by hundredths of an inch expressed decimally; as, a rifle of .44 inch caliber .

2. The diameter of round or cylindrical body, as of a bullet or column.

3. Fig.: Capacity or compass of mind.

Burke.

Caliber compasses . See Calipers . -- Caliber rule , a gunner's calipers, an instrument having two scales arranged to determine a ball's weight from its diameter, and conversely. -- A ship's caliber , the weight of her armament.

Calibrate <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*brate (?) , v. i. To ascertain the caliber of, as of a thermometer tube; also, more generally, to determine or rectify the graduation of, as of the various standards or graduated instruments.

Calibration <Xpage=204>

Cal`ibra"*tion (?) , n. The process of estimating the caliber a tube, as of a thermometer tube, in order to graduate it to a scale of degrees; also, more generally, the determination of the true value of the spaces in any graduated instrument.

Calice <Xpage=204>

Cal"ice (?) , n. [See Calice .] See Chalice .

Calicle <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*cle (?) , n. [L. caliculus a small cup, dim. of calicis , a cup. Cf Calycle .] (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the small cuplike cavities, often with elevated borders, covering the surface of most corals. Each is formed by a polyp. (b) One of the cuplike structures inclosing the zooids of certain hydroids. See Campanularian . [Written also calycle . See Calycle .]

Calico <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*co (?) , n. ; pl. Calicoes (#) . [So called because first imported from Calicut , in the East Indies: cf. F. calicot .] 1. Plain white cloth made from cotton, but which receives distinctive names according to quality and use, as, super calicoes , shirting calicoes , unbleached calicoes , etc. [Eng.]

The importation of printed or stained colicoes appears to have been coeval with the establishment of the East India Company. Beck (Draper's Dict. ).

2. Cotton cloth printed with a figured pattern.

&hand; In the United States the term calico is applied only to the printed fabric.

Calico bass (Zo\'94l.) , an edible, fresh-water fish ( Pomoxys sparaides ) of the rivers and lake of the Western United States (esp. of the Misissippi valley.), allied to the sunfishes, and so called from its variegated colors; -- called also calicoback , grass bass , strawberry bass , barfish , and bitterhead . -- Calico printing , the art or process of impressing the figured patterns on calico.

Calico <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*co (?) , a. Made of, or having the apperance of, calico; -- often applied to an animal, as a horse or cat, on whose body are large patches of a color strikingly different from its main color. [Colloq. U. S.]

Calicoback <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*co*back` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The calico bass. (b) An hemipterous insect ( Murgantia histrionica ) which injures the cabbage and other garden plants; -- called also calico bug and harlequin cabbage bug .

Calicular, a. Caliculate <Xpage=204>

Ca*lic"u*lar (?) , a. Ca*lic"u*late (?) , a. Relating to, or resembling, a cup; also improperly used for calycular , calyculate .

Calid <Xpage=204>

Cal"id (?) , a. [L. calidus , fr. calere to be hot.] Hot; burning; ardent. [Obs.]

Bailey.

Calidity <Xpage=204>

Ca*lid"i*ty (?) , n. Heat. [Obs.]

Caliduct <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*duct (?) , n. [See Caloriduct .] A pipe or duct used to convey hot air or steam.

Subterranean caliducts have been introduced. Evelyn.

Calif, n., Califate <Xpage=204>

Ca"lif (?) , n. , Cal"i*fate (?) , n. , etc. Same as Caliph , Caliphate , etc.

Californian <Xpage=204>

Cal`i*for"ni*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to California. -- n. A native or inhabitant of California.

Caligation <Xpage=204>

Cal`i*ga"tion (?) , n. [L. caligatio , fr. caligare to emit vapor, to be dark, from caligo mist, darkness.] Dimness; cloudiness. [R.]

Sir T. Browne.

Caliginosity <Xpage=204>

Ca*lig`i*nos"ity (?) , n. [L. caliginosus dark. See Caligation .] Darkness. [R.]

G. Eliot.

Caliginous <Xpage=204>

Ca*lig"i*nous (?) , a. [L. caliginosus ; cf. F. caligineux .] Affected with darkness or dimness; dark; obscure. [R.]

Blount.

The caliginous regions of the air. Hallywell.

-- Ca*lig"i*nous*ly , adv. -- Ca*lig"i*nous*ness , n.

Caligo <Xpage=204>

Ca*li"go (?) , n. [L., darkness.] (Med.) Dimness or obscurity of sight, dependent upon a speck on the cornea; also, the speck itself.

Caligraphic <Xpage=204>

Cal`i*graph"ic (?) , a. See Calligraphic .

Caligraphy <Xpage=204>

Ca*lig"ra*phy (?) , n. See Caligraphy .

Calin <Xpage=204>

Ca"lin (?) , n. [F., fr. Malay kelany tin, or fr. Kala'a , a town in India, fr. which it came.] An alloy of lead and tin, of which the Chinese make tea canisters.

Calipash <Xpage=204>

Cal`i*pash" (?) , n. [F. carapace , Sp. carapacho . Cf Calarash , Carapace .] A part of a turtle which is next to the upper shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a dull greenish tinge, much esteemed as a delicacy in preparations of turtle.

Calipee <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*pee (?) , n. [See Calipash ] A part of a turtle which is attached to the lower shell. It contains a fatty and gelatinous substance of a light yellowish color, much esteemed as a delicacy.

Thackeray.

Calipers <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*pers (?) , n. pl. [Corrupted from caliber .] An instrument, usually resembling a pair of dividers or compasses with curved legs, for measuring the diameter or thickness of bodies, as of work shaped in a lathe or planer, timber, masts, shot, etc.; or the bore of firearms, tubes, etc.; -- called also caliper compasses , or caliber compasses .

Caliper square , a draughtsman's or mechanic's square, having a graduated bar and adjustable jaw or jaws. Knight . -- Vernier calipers . See Vernier .

Caliph <Xpage=204>

Ca"liph (?) , n. [OE. caliphe , califfe , F. calife (cf. Sp. califa ), fr. Ar. khal\'c6fan successor, fr. khalafa to succed.] Successor or vicar; -- a title of the successors of Mohammed both as temporal and spiritual rulers, now used by the sultans of Turkey, [Writting also calif .]

Caliphate <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*phate (?) , n. [Cf. F. califat .] The office, dignity, or government of a caliph or of the caliphs.

Calippic <Xpage=204>

Ca*lip"pic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Calippus, an Athenian astronomer.

Calippic period , a period of seventy-six years, proposed by Calippus, as an improvement on the Metonic cycle, since the 6940 days of the Metonic cycle exceeded 19 years by about a quarter of a day, and exceeded 235 lunations by something more.

Calisaya bark <Xpage=204>

Cal`i*sa"ya bark (?) . A valuable kind of Peruvian bark obtained from the Cinchona Calisaya , and other closely related species.

Calistheneum <Xpage=204>

Cal`is*the"ne*um , n. [NL.] A gymnasium; esp. one for light physical exercise by women and children.

Calisthenis <Xpage=204>

Cal`is*then"is (?) , a. [Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ beautiful + <?/<?/<?/<?/<?/<?/ strength.] Of or pertaining to calisthenics.

Calisthenics <Xpage=204>

Cal`is*then"ics (?) , n. The science, art, or practice of healthful exercise of the body and limbs, to promote strength and gracefulness; light gymnastics.

Caliver <Xpage=204>

Cal"i*ver (?) , n. [Corrupted fr. caliber .] An early form of hand gun, variety of the arquebus; originally a gun having a regular size of bore. [Obs.]

Shak.

Calix <Xpage=204>

Ca"lix (?) , n. [L.] A cup. See Calyx .

Calk <Xpage=204>

Calk (?) , v. t. [ imp. &p. p. Calked (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Calking .] [Either corrupted fr. F. calfater (cf. Pg. calafetar , Sp. calafetear ), fr. Ar. qalafa to fill up crevices with the fibers of palm tree or moss; or fr. OE. cauken to tred, through the French fr. L. calcare , fr. calx heel. Cf. Calk to copy, Inculcate .] 1. To drive tarred oakum into the seams between the planks of (a ship, boat, etc.), to prevent leaking. The calking is completed by smearing the seams with melted pitch.

2. To make an indentation in the edge of a metal plate, as along a seam in a steam boiler or an iron ship, to force the edge of the upper plate hard against the lower and so fill the crevice.

Calk <Xpage=204>

Calk (?) , v. t. [E. calquer to trace, It. caicare to trace, to trample, fr. L. calcare to trample, fr. calx heel. Cf. Calcarate .] To copy, as a drawing, by rubbing the back of it with red or black chalk, and then passing a blunt style or needle over the lines, so as to leave a tracing on the paper or other thing against which it is laid or held. [Writting also calque ]

<page="205"> Page 205

Calk <Xpage=205>

Calk (?) , n. [Cf. AS calc shoe, hoof, L. calx , calcis , hel, c\'84lcar , spur.] 1. A sharp-pointed piece or iron or steel projecting downward on the shoe of a nore or an ox, to prevent the animal from slipping; -- called also calker , calkin .

2. An instrument with sharp points, worn on the sole of a shoe or boot, to prevent slipping.

Calk <Xpage=205>

Calk (?) , v. i. 1. To furnish with calks, to prevent slipping on ice; as, to calk the shoes of a horse or an ox .

2. To wound with a calk; as when a horse injures a leg or a foot with a calk on one of the other feet.

Calker <Xpage=205>

Calk"er (?) , n. 1. One who calks.

2. A calk on a shoe. See Calk , n. , 1.

Calkin <Xpage=205>