Chapter 21

Ad`an*so"ni*a (#) , n. [From Adanson , a French botanist.] (Bot.) A genus of great trees related to the Bombax. There are two species, A . digitata , the baobab or monkey-bread of Africa and India, and A . Gregorii , the sour gourd or cream-of-tartar tree of Australia. Both have a trunk of moderate height, but of enormous diameter, and a wide-spreading head. The fruit is oblong, and filled with pleasantly acid pulp. The wood is very soft, and the bark is used by the natives for making ropes and cloth.

D. C. Eaton.

Adapt <Xpage=19>

A*dapt" (#) , a. Fitted; suited. [Obs.]

Swift.

Adapt <Xpage=19>

A*dapt" , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Adapted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Adapting .] [L. adaptare ; ad + aptare to fit; cf. F. adapter . See Apt , Adept .] To make suitable; to fit, or suit; to adjust; to alter so as to fit for a new use; -- sometimes followed by to or for .

For nature, always in the right, To your decays adapts my sight. Swift.

Appeals adapted to his [man's] whole nature. Angus.

Streets ill adapted for the residence of wealthy persons. Macaulay.

Adaptability, Adaptableness <Xpage=19>

A*dapt`a*bil"i*ty (#) , A*dapt"a*ble*ness (#) , n. The quality of being adaptable; suitableness. "General adaptability for every purpose."

Farrar.

Adaptable <Xpage=19>

A*dapt"a*ble (#) , a. Capable of being adapted.

Adaptation <Xpage=19>

Ad`ap*ta"tion (#) , n. [Cf. F. adaptation , LL. adaptatio .] 1. The act or process of adapting, or fitting; or the state of being adapted or fitted; fitness. " Adaptation of the means to the end."

Erskine.

2. The result of adapting; an adapted form.

Adaptative <Xpage=19>

A*dapt"a*tive (#) , a. Adaptive.

Stubbs.

Adaptedness <Xpage=19>

A*dapt"ed*ness (#) , n. The state or quality of being adapted; suitableness; special fitness.

Adapter <Xpage=19>

A*dapt"er (#) , n. 1. One who adapts.

2. (Chem.) A connecting tube; an adopter.

<-- 2. any device connecting two parts of an apparatus (e.g. tubes of different diameters, or electric cords with different plug types); a device allowing an apparatus to be used for purposes other than originally intended -->

Adaption <Xpage=19>

A*dap"tion (#) , n. Adaptation.

Cheyne.

Adaptive <Xpage=19>

A*dapt"ive (#) , a. Suited, given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation; capable of adapting. Coleridge . -- A*dapt"ive*ly , adv.

Adaptiveness <Xpage=19>

A*dapt"ive*ness , n. The quality of being adaptive; capacity to adapt.

Adaptly <Xpage=19>

A*dapt"ly , adv. In a suitable manner. [R.]

Prior.

Adaptness <Xpage=19>

A*dapt"ness , n. Adaptedness. [R.]

Adaptorial <Xpage=19>

Ad`ap*to"ri*al (#) , a. Adaptive. [R.]

Adar <Xpage=19>

A"dar (#) , n. [Heb. ad\'84r .] The twelfth month of the Hebrew ecclesiastical year, and the sixth of the civil. It corresponded nearly with March.

Adarce <Xpage=19>

A*dar"ce (#) , n. [L. adarce , adarca , Gr. <?/.] A saltish concretion on reeds and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. It is soft and porous, and was formerly used for cleansing the skin from freckles and tetters, and also in leprosy.

Dana.

Adatis <Xpage=19>

Ad"a*tis (#) , n. A fine cotton cloth of India.

Adaunt <Xpage=19>

A*daunt" (#) , v. t. [OE. adaunten to overpower, OF. adonter ; \'85 (L. ad ) + donter , F. dompter . See Daunt .] To daunt; to subdue; to mitigate. [Obs.]

Skelton.

Adaw <Xpage=19>

A*daw" (#) , v. t. [Cf. OE. adawe of dawe, AS. of dagum from days, i . e ., from life, out of life.] To subdue; to daunt. [Obs.]

The sight whereof did greatly him adaw . Spenser.

Adaw <Xpage=19>

A*daw" , v. t. & i. [OE. adawen to wake; pref. a- (cf. Goth. us -, Ger. er -) + dawen , dagon , to dawn. See Daw .] To awaken; to arouse. [Obs.]

A man that waketh of his sleep He may not suddenly well taken keep Upon a thing, ne seen it parfitly Till that he be adawed verily. Chaucer.

Adays <Xpage=19>

A*days" (#) , adv. [Pref. a- (for on ) + day ; the final s was orig. a genitive ending, afterwards forming adverbs.] By day, or every day; in the daytime. [Obs.]

Fielding.

Ad captandum <Xpage=19>

Ad cap*tan"dum (#) . [L., for catching.] A phrase used adjectively sometimes of meretricious attempts to catch or win popular favor.

Add <Xpage=19>

Add (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Added ; p. pr. & vb. n. Adding .] [L. addere ; ad + dare to give, put. Cf. Date , Do .] 1. To give by way of increased possession ( to any one); to bestow ( on ).

The Lord shall add to me another son. Gen. xxx. 24.

<page="20"> Page 20

2. To join or unite, as one thing to another, or as several particulars, so as to increase the number, augment the quantity, enlarge the magnitude, or so as to form into one aggregate. Hence: To sum up; to put together mentally; as, to add numbers; to add up a column.

Back to thy punishment, False fugitive, and to thy speed add wings. Milton.

As easily as he can add together the ideas of two days or two years. Locke.

3. To append, as a statement; to say further.

He added that he would willingly consent to the entire abolition of the tax. Macaulay.

Syn. -- To Add , Join , Annex , Unite , Coalesce . We add by bringing things together so as to form a whole. We join by putting one thing to another in close or continuos connection. We annex by attaching some adjunct to a larger body. We unite by bringing things together so that their parts adhere or intermingle. Things coalesce by coming together or mingling so as to form one organization. To add quantities; to join houses; to annex territory; to unite kingdoms; to make parties coalesce .

Add <Xpage=20>

Add (#) , v. i. 1. To make an addition. To add to , to augment; to increase; as, it adds to our anxiety . "I will add to your yoke."

1 Kings xii. 14.

2. To perform the arithmetical operation of addition; as, he adds rapidly .

Addable <Xpage=20>

Add"a*ble (#) , a. [ Add , v. + -able .] Addible.

Addax <Xpage=20>

Ad"dax (#) , n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the largest African antelopes ( Hippotragus, &or; Oryx, nasomaculatus ) .

&hand; It is now believed to be the Strepsiceros (twisted horn) of the ancients. By some it is thought to be the pygarg of the Bible.

Addeem <Xpage=20>

Ad*deem" (#) , v. t. [Pref. a- + deem .] To award; to adjudge. [Obs.] "Unto him they did addeem the prise."

Spenser.

Addendum <Xpage=20>

Ad*den"dum (#) , n. ; pl. Addenda (#) . [L., fr. addere to add.] A thing to be added; an appendix or addition.

Addendum circle (Mech.) , the circle which may be described around a circular spur wheel or gear wheel, touching the crests or tips of the teeth.

Rankine.

Adder <Xpage=20>

Add"er (#) , n. [See Add .] One who, or that which, adds; esp., a machine for adding numbers.

Adder <Xpage=20>

Ad"der , n. [OE. addere , naddere , eddre , AS. n\'91dre , adder, snake; akin to OS. nadra , OHG. natra , natara , Ger. natter , Goth. nadrs , Icel. na\'ebr , masc., na\'ebra , fem.: cf. W. neidr , Gorn. naddyr , Ir. nathair , L. natrix , water snake. An adder is for a nadder .] 1. A serpent. [Obs.] "The eddre seide to the woman."

Wyclif. Gen. iii. 4. )

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small venomous serpent of the genus Vipera . The common European adder is the Vipera (or Pelias) berus . The puff adders of Africa are species of Clotho . (b) In America, the term is commonly applied to several harmless snakes, as the milk adder , puffing adder , etc. (c) Same as Sea Adder .

&hand; In the sculptures the appellation is given to several venomous serpents, -- sometimes to the horned viper (Cerastles) .

Adder fly/ <Xpage=20>

Ad"der fly/ (#) . A dragon fly.

Adder's-tongue <Xpage=20>

Ad"der's-tongue` (#) , n. (Bot.) (a) A genus of ferns (Ophioglossum) , whose seeds are produced on a spike resembling a serpent's tongue. (b) The yellow dogtooth violet.

Gray.

Adderwort <Xpage=20>

Ad"der*wort` (#) , n. (Bot.) The common bistort or snakeweed (Polygonum bistorta) .

Addibility <Xpage=20>

Add`i*bil"i*ty (#) , n. The quantity of being addible; capability of addition.

Locke.

Addible <Xpage=20>

Add"i*ble (#) , a. Capable of being added. " Addible numbers."

Locke.

Addice <Xpage=20>

Ad"dice (#) , n. See Adze . [Obs.]

Moxon.

Addict <Xpage=20>

Ad*dict" (#) , p. p. Addicted; devoted. [Obs.]

Addict <Xpage=20>

Ad*dict" , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Addicted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Addicting .] [L. addictus , p. p. of addicere to adjudge, devote; ad + dicere to say. See Diction .] 1. To apply habitually; to devote; to habituate; -- with to . "They addict themselves to the civil law."

Evelyn.

He is addicted to his study. Beau. & Fl.

That part of mankind that addict their minds to speculations. Adventurer.

His genius addicted him to the study of antiquity. Fuller.

A man gross . . . and addicted to low company. Macaulay.

2. To adapt; to make suitable; to fit. [Obs.]

The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but the coldness of the place hinders the growth. Evelyn.

Syn. -- Addict , Devote , Consecrate , Dedicate . Addict was formerly used in a good sense; as, addicted to letters; but is now mostly employed in a bad sense or an indifferent one; as, addicted to vice; addicted to sensual indulgence. " Addicted to staying at home." J. S. Mill . Devote is always taken in a good sense, expressing habitual earnestness in the pursuit of some favorite object; as, devoted to science. Consecrate and dedicate express devotion of a higher kind, involving religious sentiment; as, consecrated to the service of the church; dedicated to God.

Addictedness <Xpage=20>

Ad*dict"ed*ness , n. The quality or state of being addicted; attachment.

Addiction <Xpage=20>

Ad*dic"tion (#) , n. [Cf. L. addictio an adjudging.] The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination. "His addiction was to courses vain."

Shak.

Addison's disease <Xpage=20>

Ad"di*son's dis*ease" (#) . [Named from Thomas Addison, M. D., of London, who first described it.] (Med.) A morbid condition causing a peculiar brownish discoloration of the skin, and thought, at one time, to be due to disease of the suprarenal capsules (two flat triangular bodies covering the upper part of the kidneys), but now known not to be dependent upon this causes exclusively. It is usually fatal.

Additament <Xpage=20>

Ad*dit"a*ment (#) , n. [L. additamentum , fr. additus , p. p. of addere to add.] An addition, or a thing added.

Fuller.

My persuasion that the latter verses of the chapter were an additament of a later age. Coleridge.

Addition <Xpage=20>

Ad*di"tion (#) , n. [F. addition , L. additio , fr. addere to add.] 1. The act of adding two or more things together; -- opposed to subtraction or diminution . "This endless addition or addibility of numbers."

Locke.

2. Anything added; increase; augmentation; as, a piazza is an addition to a building .

3. (Math.) That part of arithmetic which treats of adding numbers.

4. (Mus.) A dot at the right side of a note as an indication that its sound is to be lengthened one half. [R.]

5. (Law) A title annexed to a man's name, to identify him more precisely; as, John Doe, Esq .; Richard Roe, Gent .; Robert Dale, Mason ; Thomas Way, of New York ; a mark of distinction; a title.

6. (Her.) Something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of honor; -- opposed to abatement .

Vector addition (Geom.) , that kind of addition of two lines, or vectors, AB and BC, by which their sum is regarded as the line, or vector, AC.

Syn. -- Increase; accession; augmentation; appendage; adjunct.

Additional <Xpage=20>

Ad*di"tion*al (#) , a. Added; supplemental; in the way of an addition.

Additional <Xpage=20>

Ad*di"tion*al , n. Something added. [R.]

Bacon.

Additionally <Xpage=20>

Ad*di"tion*al*ly , adv. By way of addition.

Additionary <Xpage=20>

Ad*di"tion*a*ry (#) , a. Additional. [R.]

Herbert.

Addititious <Xpage=20>

Ad`di*ti"tious (#) , a. [L. addititius , fr. addere .] Additive. [R.]

Sir J. Herschel.

Additive <Xpage=20>

Ad"di*tive (#) , a. [L. additivus .] (Math.) Proper to be added; positive; -- opposed to subtractive .

Additory <Xpage=20>

Ad"di*to*ry (#) , a. Tending to add; making some addition. [R.]

Arbuthnot.

Addle <Xpage=20>

Ad"dle (#) , n. [OE. adel , AS. adela , mud.]

1. Liquid filth; mire. [Obs.]

2. Lees; dregs. [Prov. Eng.]

Wright.

Addle <Xpage=20>

Ad"dle , a. Having lost the power of development, and become rotten, as eggs; putrid. Hence: Unfruitful or confused, as brains; muddled.

Dryden.

Addle <Xpage=20>

Ad"dle , v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Addled (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Addling (#) .] To make addle; to grow addle; to muddle; as, he addled his brain . "Their eggs were addled ."

Cowper.

Addle <Xpage=20>

Ad"dle , v. t. & i. [OE. adlen , adilen , to gain, acquire; prob. fr. Icel. \'94\'eblask to acquire property, akin to o\'ebal property. Cf. Allodial .] 1. To earn by labor. [Prov. Eng.]

Forby.

2. To thrive or grow; to ripen. [Prov. Eng.]

Kill ivy, else tree will addle no more. Tusser.

Addle-brain, Addle-head, Addle-pate <Xpage=20>

Ad"dle - brain` (#) , Ad"dle - head` (#) , Ad"dle - pate (#) , n. A foolish or dull-witted fellow. [Colloq.]

Addle-brained, Addle-headed, Addle-pated <Xpage=20>

Ad"dle - brained` (#) , Ad"dle - head`ed (#) , Ad"dle - pa`ted (#) , a. Dull-witted; stupid. "The addle - brained Oberstein."

Motley.

Dull and addle - pated . Dryden.

Addle-patedness <Xpage=20>

Ad"dle-pa`ted*ness (#) , n. Stupidity.

Addlings <Xpage=20>

Ad"dlings (#) , n. pl. [See Addle , to earn.] Earnings. [Prov. Eng.]

Wright.

Addoom <Xpage=20>

Ad*doom" (#) , v. t. [Pref. a- + doom .] To adjudge. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Addorsed <Xpage=20>

Ad*dorsed" (#) , a. [L. ad + dorsum , back: cf. F. adoss\'82 .] (Her.) Set or turned back to back.

Address <Xpage=20>

Ad*dress" (#) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Addressed (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Addressing .] [OE. adressen to raise erect, adorn, OF. adrecier , to straighten, address, F. adresser , fr. \'85 (L. ad ) + OF. drecier , F. dresser , to straighten, arrange. See Dress , v .] 1. To aim; to direct. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

And this good knight his way with me addrest . Spenser.

2. To prepare or make ready. [Obs.]

His foe was soon addressed . Spenser.

Turnus addressed his men to single fight. Dryden.

The five foolish virgins addressed themselves at the noise of the bridegroom's coming. Jer. Taylor.

3. Reflexively: To prepare one's self; to apply one's skill or energies ( to some object); to betake.

These men addressed themselves to the task. Macaulay.

4. To clothe or array; to dress. [Archaic]

Tecla . . . addressed herself in man's apparel. Jewel.

5. To direct, as words ( to any one or any thing); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. ( to any one, an audience).

The young hero had addressed his players to him for his assistance. Dryden.

6. To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to; to accost.

Are not your orders to address the senate? Addison.

The representatives of the nation addressed the king. Swift.

7. To direct in writing, as a letter; to superscribe, or to direct and transmit; as, he addressed a letter .

8. To make suit to as a lover; to court; to woo.

9. (Com.) To consign or intrust to the care of another, as agent or factor; as, the ship was addressed to a merchant in Baltimore .

To address one's self to . (a) To prepare one's self for; to apply one's self to. (b) To direct one's speech or discourse to.

Address <Xpage=20>

Ad*dress" (#) , v. i. 1. To prepare one's self. [Obs.] "Let us address to tend on Hector's heels."

Shak.

2. To direct speech. [Obs.]

Young Turnus to the beauteous maid addrest . Dryden.

&hand; The intransitive uses come from the dropping out of the reflexive pronoun.

Address <Xpage=20>

Ad*dress , n. [Cf. F. adresse . See Address , v. t. ]

1. Act of preparing one's self. [Obs.]

Jer Taylor.