Chapter 208

Bun"ny (?) , n. (Mining) A great collection of ore without any vein coming into it or going out from it.

Bunny <Xpage=192>

Bun"ny , n. A pet name for a rabbit or a squirrel.

Bunodonta, Bunodonts <Xpage=192>

Bu`no*don"ta (?) , Bu"no*donts (?) , n. pl. [NL. bunodonta , fr. Gr. <?/ hill, heap + <?/, <?/, a tooth.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of the herbivorous mammals including the hogs and hippopotami; -- so called because the teeth are tuberculated.

Bunsen's battery, Bunsen's burner <Xpage=192>

Bun"sen's bat"ter*y (?) , Bun"sen's burn`er (?) . See under Battery , and Burner .

Bunt <Xpage=192>

Bunt (?) , n. (Bot.) A fungus ( Ustilago f\'d2tida ) which affects the ear of cereals, filling the grains with a fetid dust; -- also called pepperbrand .

Bunt <Xpage=192>

Bunt , n. [Cf. Sw. bunt bundle, Dan. bundt , G. bund , E. bundle .] (Naut.) The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail; the part of a furled sail which is at the center of the yard.

Totten.

Bunt <Xpage=192>

Bunt , v. i. (Naut.) To swell out; as, the sail bunts .

Bunt <Xpage=192>

Bunt , v. t. & i. To strike or push with the horns or head; to butt; as, the ram bunted the boy .

Bunter <Xpage=192>

Bun"ter (?) , n. A woman who picks up rags in the streets; hence, a low, vulgar woman. [Cant]

Her . . . daughters, like bunters in stuff gowns. Goldsmith.

Bunting <Xpage=192>

Bun"ting (?) , n. [Scot. buntlin , corn-buntlin , OE. bunting , buntyle ; of unknown origin.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird of the genus Emberiza , or of an allied genus, related to the finches and sparrows (family Fringillid\'91 ).

&hand; Among European species are the common or corn bunting ( Emberiza miliaria ); the ortolan ( E. hortulana ); the cirl ( E. cirlus ); and the black-headed ( Granitivora melanocephala ). American species are the bay-winged or grass ( Po\'94c\'91tes or Po\'d2cetes gramineus ); the black-throated ( Spiza Americana ); the towhee bunting or chewink ( Pipilo ); the snow bunting ( Plectrophanax nivalis ); the rice bunting or bobolink, and others. See Ortolan , Chewick , Snow bunting , Lark bunting .

Bunting, Buntine <Xpage=192>

Bun"ting , Bun"tine (?) , n. [Prov. E. bunting sifting flour, OE. bonten to sift, hence prob. the material used for that purpose.] A thin woolen stuff, used chiefly for flags, colors, and ships' signals.

Buntline <Xpage=192>

Bunt"line (?) , n. [2d bunt + line .] (Naut.) One of the ropes toggled to the footrope of a sail, used to haul up to the yard the body of the sail when taking it in.

Totten.

Bunyon, Bunion <Xpage=192>

Bun"yon , Bun"ion (?) , n. [Cf. Prov. E. bunny a small swelling, fr. OF. bugne , It. bugna , bugnone . See Bun .] (Med.) An enlargement and inflammation of a small membranous sac (one of the burs\'91 muscos\'91 ), usually occurring on the first joint of the great toe.

Buoy <Xpage=192>

Buoy (?) , n. [D. boei buoy, fetter, fr. OF. boie , buie , chain, fetter, F. bou\'82e a buoy, from L. boia . " Boiae genus vinculorum tam ferreae quam ligneae." Festus . So called because chained to its place.] (Naut.) A float; esp. a floating object moored to the bottom, to mark a channel or to point out the position of something beneath the water, as an anchor, shoal, rock, etc.

Anchor buoy , a buoy attached to, or marking the position of, an anchor. -- Bell buoy , a large buoy on which a bell is mounted, to be rung by the motion of the waves. -- Breeches buoy . See under Breeches . -- Cable buoy , an empty cask employed to buoy up the cable in rocky anchorage. -- Can buoy , a hollow buoy made of sheet or boiler iron, usually conical or pear-shaped. -- Life buoy , a float intended to support persons who have fallen into the water, until a boat can be dispatched to save them. -- Nut &or; Nun buoy , a buoy large in the middle, and tapering nearly to a point at each end. -- To stream the buoy , to let the anchor buoy fall by the ship's side into the water, before letting go the anchor. -- Whistling buoy , a buoy fitted with a whistle that is blown by the action of the waves.

Buoy <Xpage=192>

Buoy , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Buoyed (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Buoying .] 1. To keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air; to keep afloat; -- with up .

2. To support or sustain; to preserve from sinking into ruin or despondency.

Those old prejudices, which buoy up the ponderous mass of his nobility, wealth, and title. Burke.

3. To fix buoys to; to mark by a buoy or by buoys; as, to buoy an anchor; to buoy or buoy off a channel.

Not one rock near the surface was discovered which was not buoyed by this floating weed. Darwin.

Buoy <Xpage=192>

Buoy , v. i. To float; to rise like a buoy. "Rising merit will buoy up at last."

Pope.

Buoyage <Xpage=192>

Buoy"age (?) , n. Buoys, taken collectively; a series of buoys, as for the guidance of vessels into or out of port; the providing of buoys.

Buoyance <Xpage=192>

Buoy"ance (?) , n. Buoyancy. [R.]

Buoyancy <Xpage=192>

Buoy"an*cy (?) , n. ; pl. Buoyancies (<?/) . 1. The property of floating on the surface of a liquid, or in a fluid, as in the atmosphere; specific lightness, which is inversely as the weight compared with that of an equal volume of water.

2. (Physics) The upward pressure exerted upon a floating body by a fluid, which is equal to the weight of the body; hence, also, the weight of a floating body, as measured by the volume of fluid displaced.

Such are buoyancies or displacements of the different classes of her majesty's ships. Eng. Cyc.

3. Cheerfulness; vivacity; liveliness; sprightliness; -- the opposite of heaviness ; as, buoyancy of spirits .

Buoyant <Xpage=192>

Buoy"ant (?) , a. [From Buoy , v. t. & i .] 1. Having the quality of rising or floating in a fluid; tending to rise or float; as, iron is buoyant in mercury . " Buoyant on the flood."

Pope.

2. Bearing up, as a fluid; sustaining another body by being specifically heavier.

The water under me was buoyant . Dryden.

3. Light-hearted; vivacious; cheerful; as, a buoyant disposition; buoyant spirits. -- Buoy"ant*ly , adv.

Buprestidan <Xpage=192>

Bu*pres"ti*dan (?) , n. [L. buprestis , Gr. <?/, a poisonous beetle, which, being eaten by cattle in the grass, caused them to swell up and and die; <?/ ox, cow + <?/ to blow up, swell out.] (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of beetles, of the genus Buprestis and allied genera, usually with brilliant metallic colors. The larv\'91 are usually bores in timber, or beneath bark, and are often very destructive to trees.

Bur, Burr <Xpage=192>

Bur , Burr (?) , n. [OE. burre burdock; cf. Dan. borre , OSw. borra , burdock, thistle; perh. akin to E. bristle ( burr- for burz- ), or perh. to F. bourre hair, wool, stuff; also, according to Cotgrave, "the downe, or hairie coat, wherewith divers herbes, fruits, and flowers, are covered," fr. L. burrae trifles, LL. reburrus rough.] 1. (Bot.) Any rough or prickly envelope of the seeds of plants, whether a pericarp, a persistent calyx, or an involucre, as of the chestnut and burdock. Also, any weed which bears burs.

Amongst rude burs and thistles. Milton.

Bur and brake and brier. Tennyson.

2. The thin ridge left by a tool in cutting or shaping metal. See Burr , n. , 2.

3. A ring of iron on a lance or spear. See Burr , n. , 4.

4. The lobe of the ear. See Burr , n. , 5.

5. The sweetbread.

6. A clinker; a partially vitrified brick.

7. (Mech.) (a) A small circular saw. (b) A triangular chisel. (c) A drill with a serrated head larger than the shank; -- used by dentists.

8. [Cf. Gael. borr , borra , a knob, bunch.] (Zo\'94l.) The round knob of an antler next to a deer's head. [Commonly written burr .]

Bur oak (Bot.) , a useful and ornamental species of oak ( Quercus macrocarpa ) with ovoid acorns inclosed in deep cups imbricated with pointed scales. It grows in the Middle and Western United States, and its wood is tough, close-grained, and durable. -- Bur reed (Bot.) , a plant of the genus Sparganium , having long ribbonlike leaves.

Burbolt <Xpage=192>

Bur"bolt` (?) , n. A birdbolt. [Obs.]

Ford.

Burbot <Xpage=192>

Bur"bot (?) , n. [F. barbote , fr. barbe beard. See 1st Barb .] (Zo\'94l.) A fresh-water fish of the genus Lota , having on the nose two very small barbels, and a larger one on the chin. [Written also burbolt .]

&hand; The fish is also called an eelpout or ling , and is allied to the codfish. The Lota vulgaris is a common European species. An American species ( L. maculosa ) is found in New England, the Great Lakes, and farther north.

Burdelais <Xpage=192>

Bur`de*lais" (?) , n. [F. bourdelais , prob. fr. bordelais . See Bordelais .] A sort of grape.

Jonson.

Burden <Xpage=192>

Bur"den (?) , n. [Written also burthen .] [OE. burden , burthen , birthen , birden , AS. byr&edh;en ; akin to Icel. byr&edh;i , Dan. byrde , Sw. b\'94rda , G. b\'81rde , OHG. burdi , Goth. ba\'a3r<?/ei , fr. the root of E. bear , AS. beran , Goth. bairan . \'fb92. See 1st Bear .] 1. That which is borne or carried; a load.

Plants with goodly burden bowing. Shak.

2. That which is borne with labor or difficulty; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.

Deaf, giddy, helpless, left alone, To all my friends a burden grown. Swift.

3. The capacity of a vessel, or the weight of cargo that she will carry; as, a ship of a hundred tons burden .

4. (Mining) The tops or heads of stream-work which lie over the stream of tin.

5. (Metal.) The proportion of ore and flux to fuel, in the charge of a blast furnace.

Raymond.

6. A fixed quantity of certain commodities; as, a burden of gad steel, 120 pounds .

7. A birth. [Obs. & R.]

Shak.

Beast of burden , an animal employed in carrying burdens. -- Burden of proof [L. onus probandi ] (Law) , the duty of proving a particular position in a court of law, a failure in the performance of which duty calls for judgment against the party on whom the duty is imposed.

Syn. -- Burden , Load . A burden is, in the literal sense, a weight to be borne; a load is something laid upon us to be carried. Hence, when used figuratively, there is usually a difference between the two words. Our burdens may be of such a nature that we feel bound to bear them cheerfully or without complaint. They may arise from the nature of our situation; they may be allotments of Providence; they may be the consequences of our errors. What is upon us, as a load , we commonly carry with greater reluctance or sense of oppression. Men often find the charge of their own families to be a burden ; but if to this be added a load of care for others, the pressure is usually serve and irksome.

Burden <Xpage=192>

Bur"den , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Burdened (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Burdening (#) .] 1. To encumber with weight (literal or figurative); to lay a heavy load upon; to load.

I mean not that other men be eased, and ye burdened . 2 Cor. viii. 13.

2. To oppress with anything grievous or trying; to overload; as, to burden a nation with taxes .

My burdened heart would break. Shak.

3. To impose, as a load or burden; to lay or place as a burden (something heavy or objectionable). [R.]

It is absurd to burden this act on Cromwell. Coleridge.

Syn. -- To load; encumber; overload; oppress.

<page="193"> Page 193

Burden <Xpage=193>

Bur"den (?) , n. [OE. burdoun the bass in music, F. bourdon ; cf. LL. burdo drone, a long organ pipe, a staff, a mule. Prob. of imitative origin. Cf. Bourdon .] 1. The verse repeated in a song, or the return of the theme at the end of each stanza; the chorus; refrain. Hence: That which is often repeated or which is dwelt upon; the main topic; as, the burden of a prayer .

I would sing my song without a burden . Shak.

2. The drone of a bagpipe.

Ruddiman.

Burden <Xpage=193>

Bur"den , n. [See Burdon .] A club. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Burdener <Xpage=193>

Bur"den*er (?) , n. One who loads; a oppressor.

Burdenous <Xpage=193>

Bur"den*ous (?) , a. Burdensome. [Obs.] " Burdenous taxations."

Shak.

Burdensome <Xpage=193>

Bur"den*some (?) , a. Grievous to be borne; causing uneasiness or fatigue; oppressive.

The debt immense of endless gratitude So burdensome . Milton.

Syn. -- Heavy; weighty; cumbersome; onerous; grievous; oppressive; troublesome.

-- Bur"den*some*ly , adv. -- Bur"den*some*ness , n.

Burdock <Xpage=193>

Bur"dock (?) , n. [ Bur + dock the plant.] (Bot.) A genus of coarse biennial herbs ( Lappa ), bearing small burs which adhere tenaciously to clothes, or to the fur or wool of animals.

&hand; The common burdock is the Lappa officinalis .

Burdon <Xpage=193>

Bur"don (?) , n. [See Bourdon .] A pilgrim's staff. [Written also burden .]

Rom. of R.

Bureau <Xpage=193>

Bu"reau (?) , n. ; pl. E. Bureaus (#) , F. Bureaux (#) . [F. bureau a writing table, desk, office, OF., drugget, with which a writing table was often covered, equiv. to F. bure , and fr. OF. buire dark brown, the stuff being named from its color, fr. L. burrus red, fr. Gr. <?/ flame-colored, prob. fr. <?/ fire. See Fire , n. , and cf. Borel , n. ] 1. Originally, a desk or writing table with drawers for papers.

Swift.

2. The place where such a bureau is used; an office where business requiring writing is transacted.

3. Hence: A department of public business requiring a force of clerks; the body of officials in a department who labor under the direction of a chief.

&hand; On the continent of Europe, the highest departments, in most countries, have the name of bureaux ; as, the Bureau of the Minister of Foreign Affairs. In England and America, the term is confined to inferior and subordinate departments; as, the "Pension Bureau ," a subdepartment of the Department of the Interior. [Obs.] In Spanish, bureo denotes a court of justice for the trial of persons belonging to the king's household.

4. A chest of drawers for clothes, especially when made as an ornamental piece of furniture. [U.S.]

Bureau system . See Bureaucracy . -- Bureau Veritas , an institution, in the interest of maritime underwriters, for the survey and rating of vessels all over the world. It was founded in Belgium in 1828, removed to Paris in 1830, and re\'89stablished in Brussels in 1870.

Bureaucracy <Xpage=193>

Bu*reau"cra*cy (?) , n. [ Bureau + Gr. <?/ to be strong, to govern, <?/ strength: cf. F. bureaucratie .] 1. A system of carrying on the business of government by means of departments or bureaus, each under the control of a chief, in contradiction to a system in which the officers of government have an associated authority and responsibility; also, government conducted on this system.

2. Government officials, collectively.

Bureaucrat <Xpage=193>

Bu*reau"crat (?) , n. An official of a bureau; esp. an official confirmed in a narrow and arbitrary routine.

C. Kingsley.

Bureaucratic, Bureaucratical <Xpage=193>

Bu`reau*crat"ic (?) , Bu`reau*crat"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. bureaucratique .] Of, relating to, or resembling, a bureaucracy.

Bureaucratist <Xpage=193>

Bu*reau"cra*tist (?) , n. An advocate for , or supporter of, bureaucracy.

Burel <Xpage=193>

Bur"el (?) , n. & a. Same as Borrel .

Burette <Xpage=193>

Bu*rette" (?) , n. [F., can, cruet, dim. of buire flagon.] (Chem.) An apparatus for delivering measured quantities of liquid or for measuring the quantity of liquid or gas received or discharged. It consists essentially of a graduated glass tube, usually furnished with a small aperture and stopcock.

Bur fish <Xpage=193>

Bur" fish` (?) . (Zo\'94l.) A spinose, plectognath fish of the Allantic coast of the United States (esp. Chilo mycterus geometricus ) having the power of distending its body with water or air, so as to resemble a chestnut bur; -- called also ball fish , balloon fish , and swellfish .

Burg <Xpage=193>

Burg (?) , n. [AS. burh , burg , cf. LL. burgus . See 1st Borough .] 1. A fortified town. [Obs.]

2. A borough. [Eng.] See 1st Borough .

Burgage <Xpage=193>

Burg"age (?) , n. [From Burg : cf. F. bourgage , LL. burgagium .] (Eng. Law) A tenure by which houses or lands are held of the king or other lord of a borough or city; at a certain yearly rent, or by services relating to trade or handicraft.

Burrill.

Burgall <Xpage=193>

Bur"gall (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A small marine fish; -- also called cunner .

Burgamot <Xpage=193>

Bur"ga*mot (?) , n. See Bergamot .

Burganet <Xpage=193>

Bur"ga*net (?) , n. See Burgonet .

Burgee <Xpage=193>

Bur"gee (?) , n. 1. A kind of small coat.

2. (Naut.) A swallow-tailed flag; a distinguishing pen<?/ant, used by cutters, yachts, and merchant vessels.

Burgeois <Xpage=193>

Bur*geois" (?) , n. (Print.) See 1st Bourgeous .

Burgeois <Xpage=193>

Bur*geois" (?) , n. A burgess; a citizen. See 2d Bourgeois . [R.]

Addison.

Burgeon <Xpage=193>

Bur"geon (?) , v. i. To bud. See Bourgeon .

Burgess <Xpage=193>