Chapter 188

Boy <Xpage=173>

Boy , v. t. To act as a boy; -- in allusion to the former practice of boys acting women's parts on the stage.

I shall see Some squeaking Cleopatra boy my greatness. Shak.

Boyar, Boyard <Xpage=173>

Bo*yar" (?) , Bo*yard" (?) , n. [Russ. boi\'a0rin' .] A member of a Russian aristocratic order abolished by Peter the Great. Also, one of a privileged class in Roumania.

&hand; English writers sometimes call Russian landed proprietors boyars .

Boyau <Xpage=173>

Boy"au (?) , n. ; pl. Boyaux or Boyaus (#) . [F. boyau gut, a long and narrow place, and (of trenches) a branch. See Bowel .] (Fort.) A winding or zigzag trench forming a path or communication from one siegework to another, to a magazine, etc.

Boycott <Xpage=173>

Boy"cott` (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Boycotted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Boycotting .] [From Captain Boycott , a land agent in Mayo, Ireland, so treated in 1880.] To combine against (a landlord, tradesman, employer, or other person), to withhold social or business relations from him, and to deter others from holding such relations; to subject to a boycott.

Boycott <Xpage=173>

Boy"cott , n. The process, fact, or pressure of boycotting; a combining to withhold or prevent dealing or social intercourse with a tradesman, employer, etc.; social and business interdiction for the purpose of coercion.

Boycotter <Xpage=173>

Boy"cott`er (?) , n. A participant in boycotting.

Boycottism <Xpage=173>

Boy"cott*ism (?) , n. Methods of boycotters.

Boydekin <Xpage=173>

Boy"de*kin (?) , n. A dagger; a bodkin. [Obs.]

Boyer <Xpage=173>

Boy"er (?) , n. [D. boeijer ; -- so called because these vessels were employed for laying the boeijen , or buoys: cf. F. boyer . See Buoy .] (Naut.) A Flemish sloop with a castle at each end.

Sir W. Raleigh.

Boyhood <Xpage=173>

Boy"hood (?) , n. [ Boy + -hood .] The state of being a boy; the time during which one is a boy.

Hood.

Boyish <Xpage=173>

Boy"ish , a. Resembling a boy in a manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling; puerile.

A boyish , odd conceit. Baillie.

Boyishly <Xpage=173>

Boy"ish*ly , adv. In a boyish manner; like a boy.

Boyishness <Xpage=173>

Boy"ish*ness , n. The manners or behavior of a boy.

Boyism <Xpage=173>

Boy"ism (?) , n. 1. Boyhood. [Obs.]

T. Warton.

2. The nature of a boy; childishness.

Dryden.

Boyle's law <Xpage=173>

Boyle's" law` (?) . See under Law .

Boza <Xpage=173>

Bo"za (?) , n. [See Bosa .] An acidulated fermented drink of the Arabs and Egyptians, made from millet seed and various astringent substances; also, an intoxicating beverage made from hemp seed, darnel meal, and water. [Written also bosa , bozah , bouza .]

Brabantine <Xpage=173>

Bra*bant"ine (?) , a. Pertaining to Brabant, an ancient province of the Netherlands.

Brabble <Xpage=173>

Brab"ble (?) , v. i. [D. brabbelen to talk confusedly. <?/95. Cf. Blab , Babble .] To clamor; to contest noisily. [R.]

Brabble <Xpage=173>

Brab"ble , n. A broil; a noisy contest; a wrangle.

This petty brabble will undo us all. Shak.

Brabblement <Xpage=173>

Brab"ble*ment (?) , n. A brabble. [R.]

Holland.

Brabbler <Xpage=173>

Brab"bler (?) , n. A clamorous, quarrelsome, noisy fellow; a wrangler. [R]

Shak.

Braccate <Xpage=173>

Brac"cate (?) , a. [L. bracatus wearing breeches, fr. bracae breeches.] (Zo\'94l.) Furnished with feathers which conceal the feet.

Brace <Xpage=173>

Brace (?) , n. [OF. brace , brasse , the two arms, embrace, fathom, F. brasse fathom, fr. L. bracchia the arms (stretched out), pl. of bracchium arm; cf. Gr. <?/.] 1. That which holds anything tightly or supports it firmly; a bandage or a prop.

2. A cord, ligament, or rod, for producing or maintaining tension, as a cord on the side of a drum.

The little bones of the ear drum do in straining and relaxing it as the braces of the war drum do in that. Derham.

3. The state of being braced or tight; tension.

The laxness of the tympanum, when it has lost its brace or tension. Holder.

4. (Arch. & Engin.) A piece of material used to transmit, or change the direction of, weight or pressure; any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss, which divide the structure into triangular parts. It may act as a tie, or as a strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the structure, and transverse strains in its members. A boiler brace is a diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell.

5. (Print.) A vertical curved line connecting two or more words or lines, which are to be taken together; thus, boll , bowl ; or, in music, used to connect staves.

6. (Naut.) A rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard, by which the yard is moved horizontally; also, a rudder gudgeon.

7. (Mech.) A curved instrument or handle of iron or wood, for holding and turning bits, etc.; a bitstock.

8. A pair; a couple; as, a brace of ducks ; now rarely applied to persons, except familiarly or with some contempt. "A brace of greyhounds."

Shak.

He is said to have shot . . . fifty brace of pheasants. Addison.

A brace of brethren, both bishops, both eminent for learning and religion, now appeared in the church. Fuller.

But you, my brace of lords. Shak.

9. pl. Straps or bands to sustain trousers; suspenders.

I embroidered for you a beautiful pair of braces . Thackeray.

10. Harness; warlike preparation. [Obs.]

For that it stands not in such warlike brace . Shak.

11. Armor for the arm; vantbrace.

12. (Mining) The mouth of a shaft. [Cornwall]

Angle brace . See under Angle .

Brace <Xpage=173>

Brace (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Braced (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Bracing .] 1. To furnish with braces; to support; to prop; as, to brace a beam in a building .

2. To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of tension; to strain; to strengthen; as, to brace the nerves .

And welcome war to brace her drums. Campbell.

3. To bind or tie closely; to fasten tightly.

The women of China, by bracing and binding them from their infancy, have very little feet. Locke.

Some who spurs had first braced on. Sir W. Scott.

4. To place in a position for resisting pressure; to hold firmly; as, he braced himself against the crowd .

A sturdy lance in his right hand he braced . Fairfax.

5. (Naut.) To move around by means of braces; as, to brace the yards .

To brace about (Naut.) , to turn (a yard) round for the contrary tack. -- To brace a yard (Naut.) , to move it horizontally by means of a brace. -- To brace in (Naut.) , to turn (a yard) by hauling in the weather brace. -- To brace one's self , to call up one's energies. "He braced himself for an effort which he was little able to make."

J. D. Forbes.

- To brace to ( Naut .), to turn (a yard) by checking or easing off the lee brace, and hauling in the weather one, to assist in tacking. -- To brace up ( Naut .), to bring (a yard) nearer the direction of the keel by hauling in the lee brace. -- To brace up sharp ( Naut .), to turn (a yard) as far forward as the rigging will permit.

Brace <Xpage=173>

Brace , v. i. To get tone or vigor; to rouse one's energies; -with up . [Colloq.]

Bracelet <Xpage=173>

Brace"let (?) , n. [F. bracelet , dim. of OF. bracel armlet, prop. little arm, dim. of bras arm, fr. L. bracchium . See Brace , n. ] 1. An ornamental band or ring, for the wrist or the arm; in modern times, an ornament encircling the wrist, worn by women or girls.

2. A piece of defensive armor for the arm.

Johnson.

Bracer <Xpage=173>

Bra"cer (?) , n. 1. That which braces, binds, or makes firm; a band or bandage.

2. A covering to protect the arm of the bowman from the vibration of the string; also, a brassart.

Chaucer.

3. A medicine, as an astringent or a tonic, which gives tension or tone to any part of the body.

Johnson.

Brach <Xpage=173>

Brach (?) , n. [OE. brache a kind of scenting hound or setting dog, OF. brache , <?/ braque , fr. OHG. braccho , G. bracke ; possibly akin to E. fragrant , fr. L. fragrare to smell.] A bitch of the hound kind.

Shak.

Brachelytra <Xpage=173>

Brach*el"y*tra (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (<?/) short + <?/ a covering.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of beetles having short elytra, as the rove beetles.

Brachia <Xpage=173>

Brach"i*a (?) , n. pl. See Brachium .

Brachial <Xpage=173>

Brach"i*al (?) or (<?/) , a. [L. brachialis ( bracch -), from bracchium ( bracch -) arm: cf. F. brachial .] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining or belonging to the arm; as, the brachial artery; the brachial nerve.

2. Of the nature of an arm; resembling an arm.

Brachiata <Xpage=173>

Brach`i*a"ta (?) , n. pl. [See Brachiate .] (Zo\'94l.) A division of the Crinoidea, including those furnished with long jointed arms. See Crinoidea .

Brachiate <Xpage=173>

Brach"i*ate (?) , a. [L. brachiatus ( bracch -) with boughs or branches like arms, from brackium ( bracch -) arm.] (Bot.) Having branches in pairs, decussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right angles with the next, as in the maple and lilac.

Brachioganoid <Xpage=173>

Brach`i*og"a*noid (?) , n. One of the Brachioganoidei.

Brachioganoidei <Xpage=173>

Brach`i*o*ga*noid"e*i (?) , n. pl. [NL., from L. brachium ( bracch -) arm + NL. ganoidei .] (Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes of which the bichir of Africa is a living example. See Crossopterygii .

Brachiolaria <Xpage=173>

Brach`i*o*la"ri*a (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. L. brachiolum ( bracch -), dim. of brachium ( bracch -) arm.] (Zo \'94l .) A peculiar early larval stage of certain starfishes, having a bilateral structure, and swimming by means of bands of vibrating cilia.

Brachiopod <Xpage=173>

Brach"i*o*pod (?) , n. [Cf.F. brachiopode .] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Brachiopoda, or its shell.

Brachiopoda <Xpage=173>

Brach`i*op"o*da (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ arm + -poda .] (Zo\'94l.) A class of Molluscoidea having a symmetrical bivalve shell, often attached by a fleshy peduncle.

&hand; Within the shell is a pair of "arms," often long and spirally coiled, bearing rows of ciliated tentacles by which a current of water is made to flow into the mantle cavity, bringing the microscopic food to the mouth between the bases of the arms. The shell is both opened and closed by special muscles. They form two orders; Lyopoma , in which the shell is thin, and without a distinct hinge, as in Lingula ; and Arthropoma , in which the firm calcareous shell has a regular hinge, as in Rhynchonella . See Arthropomata .

Brachium <Xpage=173>

Brach"i*um (?) , n. ; pl. Bracchia (<?/) . [L. brachium or bracchium , arm.] (Anat.) The upper arm; the segment of the fore limb between the shoulder and the elbow.

Brachman <Xpage=173>

Brach"man (?) , n. [L. Brachmanae , pl., Gr. <?/.] See Brahman . [Obs.]

Brachycatalectic <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*cat`a*lec"tic (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ short + <?/ to leave off; cf. <?/ incomplete.] (Gr.& Last. Pros.) A verse wanting two syllables at its termination.

Brachycephalic, Brachycephalous <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*ce*phal"ic (?) , Brach`y*ceph"a*lous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ short + <?/ head.] (Anat.) Having the skull short in proportion to its breadth; shortheaded; -- in distinction from dolichocephalic .

Brachycephaly, Brachycephalism <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*ceph"a*ly (?) , Brach`y*ceph"a*lism (?) , n. [Cf. F. Brachyc\'82phalie ] . (Anat.) The state or condition of being brachycephalic; shortness of head.

Brachyceral <Xpage=173>

Bra*chyc"er*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ short + <?/ horn.] (Zo\'94l.) Having short antenn\'91, as certain insects.

Brachydiagonal <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ short + E. diagonal .] Pertaining to the shorter diagonal, as of a rhombic prism.

Brachydiagonal axis , the shorter lateral axis of an orthorhombic crystal.

Brachydiagonal <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*di*ag"o*nal , n. The shorter of the diagonals in a rhombic prism.

Brachydome <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*dome (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ short + E. dome .] (Crystallog.) A dome parallel to the shorter lateral axis. See Dome .

Brachygrapher <Xpage=173>

Bra*chyg"ra*pher (?) , n. A writer in short hand; a stenographer.

He asked the brachygrapher whether he wrote the notes of the sermon. Gayton.

Brachygraphy <Xpage=173>

Bra*chyg"ra*phy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ short + -graphy : cf. F. brachygraphie .] Stenograhy.

B. Jonson.

Brachylogy <Xpage=173>

Bra*chyl"o*gy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ :<?/ short + <?/ discourse: cf. F. brachylogie .] (Rhet.) Conciseness of expression; brevity.

Brachypinacoid <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*pin"a*coid (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ short + E. pinacoid .] (Crytallog.) A plane of an orthorhombic crystal which is parallel both to the vertical axis and to the shorter lateral (brachydiagonal) axis.

Brachyptera <Xpage=173>

Bra*chyp"te*ra (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ short-winged; short + <?/ feather, wing.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of Coleoptera having short wings; the rove beetles.

Brachypteres <Xpage=173>

Bra*chyp"te*res (?) , n.pl. [NL. See Brachyptera . ] (Zo\'94l.) A group of birds, including auks, divers, and penguins.

Brachypterous <Xpage=173>

Bra*chyp"ter*ous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ :cf. F. brachypt\'8are .] (Zo\'94l.) Having short wings.

Brachystochrone <Xpage=173>

Bra*chys"to*chrone (?) , n. [Incorrect for brachistochrone , fr. Gr. <?/ shortest (superl. of <?/ short) + <?/ time : cf. F. brachistochrone . ] (Math.) A curve, in which a body, starting from a given point, and descending solely by the force of gravity, will reach another given point in a shorter time than it could by any other path. This curve of quickest descent , as it is sometimes called, is, in a vacuum, the same as the cycloid .

Brachytypous <Xpage=173>

Brach"y*ty`pous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ short + <?/ stamp, form.] (Min.) Of a short form.

Brachyura <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*u"ra (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ short + <?/ tail.] (Zo\'94l.) A group of decapod Crustacea, including the common crabs, characterized by a small and short abdomen, which is bent up beneath the large cephalo-thorax. [Also spelt Brachyoura .] See Crab , and Illustration in Appendix.

Brachyural, Brachyurous <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*u"ral (?) , Brach`y*u"rous (?) , a. [Cf. F. brachyure .] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Brachyura.

Brachyuran <Xpage=173>

Brach`y*u"ran (?) , n. One of the Brachyura.

Bracing <Xpage=173>

Bra"cing (?) , a. Imparting strength or tone; strengthening; invigorating; as, a bracing north wind .

Bracing <Xpage=173>

Bra"cing (?) , n. 1. The act of strengthening, supporting, or propping, with a brace or braces; the state of being braced.

2. (Engin.) Any system of braces; braces, collectively; as, the bracing of a truss .

<page="174"> Page 174

Brack <Xpage=174>

Brack (?) , n. [Cf.D. braak , Dan. br\'91k , a breaking, Sw. & Isel. brak a crackling, creaking. Cf. Breach .] An opening caused by the parting of any solid body; a crack or breach; a flaw.

Stain or brack in her sweet reputation. J. Fletcher.

Brack <Xpage=174>

Brack , n. [D. brak , adj., salt; cf. LG. wrak refuse, G. brack .] Salt or brackish water. [Obs.]

Drayton.

Bracken <Xpage=174>

Brack"en (?) , n. [OE. braken , AS. bracce . See 2d Brake , n. ] A brake or fern.

Sir W. Scott.

Bracket <Xpage=174>

Brack"et (?) , n. [Cf.OF. braguette codpiece, F. brayette , Sp. bragueta , also a projecting mold in architecture; dim. fr.L. bracae breeches; cf. also, OF. bracon beam, prop, support; of unknown origin. Cf. Breeches .]

1. (Arch.) An architectural member, plain or ornamental, projecting from a wall or pier, to support weight falling outside of the same; also, a decorative feature seeming to discharge such an office.

&hand; This is the more general word. See Brace , Cantalever , Console , Corbel , Strut .

2. (Engin. & Mech.) A piece or combination of pieces, usually triangular in general shape, projecting from, or fastened to, a wall, or other surface, to support heavy bodies or to strengthen angles.

3. (Naut.) A shot, crooked timber, resembling a knee, used as a support.

4. (Mil.) The cheek or side of an ordnance carriage.

5. (Print.) One of two characters [], used to inclose a reference, explanation, or note, or a part to be excluded from a sentence, to indicate an interpolation, to rectify a mistake, or to supply an omission, and for certain other purposes; -- called also crotchet .

6. A gas fixture or lamp holder projecting from the face of a wall, column, or the like.

Bracket light , a gas fixture or a lamp attached to a wall, column, etc.

Bracket <Xpage=174>

Brack"et , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Bracketed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Bracketing ] To place within brackets; to connect by brackets; to furnish with brackets.

Bracketing <Xpage=174>

Brack"et*ing , n. (Arch.) A series or group of brackets; brackets, collectively.

Brackish <Xpage=174>