Chapter 1848

Vintage spring , a wine fount. -- Vintage time , the time of gathering grapes and making wine.

Milton.

Vintager <Xpage=1611>

Vint"a*ger (?) , n. [From Vintage : cf. F. vendangeur .] One who gathers the vintage.

Vintaging <Xpage=1611>

Vint"a*ging (?) , n. The act of gathering the vintage, or crop of grapes.

Vintner <Xpage=1611>

Vint"ner (?) , n. [OE. vintener , viniter , OF. vinetier , vinotier , LL. vinetarius , fr. L. vinetum a vineyard, fr. vinum wine. See Wine .] One who deals in wine; a wine seller, or wine merchant.

Vintry <Xpage=1611>

Vint"ry (?) , n. [OE. viniterie , from OF. vinotier , vinetier , wine merchant. See Vintner .] A place where wine is sold. [Obs.]

Ainsworth.

Viny <Xpage=1611>

Vin"y (?) , a. Of or pertaining to vines; producing, or abounding in, vines.

P. Fletcher.

Vinyl <Xpage=1611>

Vi"nyl (?) , n. [L. vinum wine + -yl .] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C2H3 , regarded as the characteristic residue of ethylene and that related series of unsaturated hydrocarbons with which the allyl compounds are homologous.

Viol <Xpage=1611>

Vi"ol (?) , n. [F. viole ; cf. Pr. viola , viula , Sp., Pg., & It. viola , LL. vitula ; of uncertain origin; perhaps from L. vitulari to celebrate a festival, keep holiday, be joyful, perhaps originally, to sacrifice a calf ( vitulus ; cf. Veal ). Cf. Fiddle , Vielle , 2d Viola , Violin .]

1. (Mus.) A stringed musical instrument formerly in use, of the same form as the violin, but larger, and having six strings, to be struck with a bow, and the neck furnished with frets for stopping the strings.

Me softer airs befit, and softer strings Of lute, or viol still, more apt for mournful things. Milton.

&hand; The name is now applied as a general term to designate instruments of the violin kind, as tenor viol , bass viol , etc.

2. (Naut.) A large rope sometimes used in weighing anchor. [Written also voyal , and voyal .]

Totten.

Viola <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*la (?) , n. [L., a violet. See Violet .] (Bot.) A genus of polypetalous herbaceous plants, including all kinds of violets.

Viola <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*la (?) , n. [It. See Viol .] (Mus.) An instrument in form and use resembling the violin, but larger, and a fifth lower in compass.

Viola da braccio [It., viol for the arm] , the tenor viol, or viola, a fifth lower than the violin. Its part is written in the alto clef, hence it is sometimes called the alto . -- Viola da gamba [It., viol for the leg] , an instrument resembling the viola, but larger, and held between the knees. It is now rarely used. -- Viola da spalla [It., viol for the shoulder] , an instrument formerly used, resembling the viola, and intermediate in size between the viola and the viola da gamba. -- Viola di amore [It., viol of love: cf. F. viole d'amour ] , a viol, larger than the viola, having catgut strings upon, and brass or steel wires under, the keyboard. These, sounding sympathetically with the strings, yield a peculiarly soft and silvery sound. It is now seldom used.

Violable <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*la*ble (?) , a. [L. violabilis : cf. F. violable . See Violate .] Capable of being violated, broken, or injured. -- Vi"o*la*bly , adv.

Violaceous <Xpage=1611>

Vi`o*la"ceous (?) , a. [L. violaceus , fr. viola a violet.] 1. Resembling violets in color; bluish purple.

2. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants, of which the violet is the type. It contains about twenty genera and two hundred and fifty species.

Violaniline <Xpage=1611>

Vi`o*lan"i*line (?) , n. [ Viol et + aniline .] (Chem.) A dyestuff of the induline group, made from aniline, and used as a substitute for indigo in dyeing wool and silk a violet-blue or a gray-blue color.

Violantin <Xpage=1611>

Vi`o*lan"tin (?) , n. [See Violuric .] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous substance, produced as a yellow crystalline substance, and regarded as a complex derivative of barbituric acid.

Violaquercitrin <Xpage=1611>

Vi`o*la*quer"cit*rin (?) , n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline glucoside obtained from the pansy ( Viola tricolor ), and decomposing into glucose and quercitrin.

Violascent <Xpage=1611>

Vi`o*las"cent (?) , a. Violescent. [R.]

Violate <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*late (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Violates (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Violating .] [L. violatus , p. p. of violare to violate, fr. vis strength, force. See Violent .] 1. To treat in a violent manner; to abuse.

His wife Boadicea violated with stripes, his daughters with rape. Milton.

2. To do violence to, as to anything that should be held sacred or respected; to profane; to desecrate; to break forcibly; to trench upon; to infringe.

Violated vows 'Twixt the souls of friend and friend. Shak.

Oft have they violated The temple, oft the law, with foul affronts. Milton.

3. To disturb; to interrupt. "Employed, it seems, to violate sleep."

Milton.

4. To commit rape on; to ravish; to outrage.

Syn. -- To injure; disturb; interrupt; infringe; transgress; profane; deflour; debauch; dishonor.

Violation <Xpage=1611>

Vi`o*la"tion (?) , n. [L. violatio : cf. F. violation .] The act of violating, treating with violence, or injuring; the state of being violated. Specifically: --

(a) Infringement; transgression; nonobservance; as, the violation of law or positive command, of covenants, promises, etc. "The violation of my faith."

Shak.

(b) An act of irreverence or desecration; profanation or contemptuous treatment of sacred things; as, the violation of a church .

Udall.

(c) Interruption, as of sleep or peace; disturbance.

(d) Ravishment; rape; outrage.

Shak.

Violative <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*la*tive (?) , a. Violating, or tending to violate.

Violator <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*la`tor (?) , n. [L.] One who violates; an infringer; a profaner; a ravisher.

Viole <Xpage=1611>

Vi"ole (?) , n. A vial. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Violence <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*lence (?) , n. [F., fr. L. violentia . See Violent .] 1. The quality or state of being violent; highly excited action, whether physical or moral; vehemence; impetuosity; force.

That seal You ask with such a violence , the king, Mine and your master, with his own hand gave me. Shak.

All the elements At least had gone to wrack, disturbed and torn With the violence of this conflict. Milton.

2. Injury done to that which is entitled to respect, reverence, or observance; profanation; infringement; unjust force; outrage; assault.

Do violence to do man. Luke iii. 14.

We can not, without offering violence to all records, divine and human, deny an universal deluge. T. Burnet.

Looking down, he saw The whole earth filled with violence . Milton.

3. Ravishment; rape; constupration.

To do violence on , to attack; to murder. "She . . . did violence on herself." Shak . -- To do violence to , to outrage; to injure; as, he does violence to his own opinions .

Syn. -- Vehemence; outrage; fierceness; eagerness; violation; infraction; infringement; transgression; oppression.

Violence <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*lence , v. t. To assault; to injure; also, to bring by violence; to compel. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

Violent <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*lent (?) , a. [F., from L. violentus , from vis strength, force; probably akin to Gr. <?/ a muscle, strength.] 1. Moving or acting with physical strength; urged or impelled with force; excited by strong feeling or passion; forcible; vehement; impetuous; fierce; furious; severe; as, a violent blow; the violent attack of a disease.

Float upon a wild and violent sea. Shak.

A violent cross wind from either coast. Milton.

2. Acting, characterized, or produced by unjust or improper force; outrageous; unauthorized; as, a violent attack on the right of free speech .

To bring forth more violent deeds. Milton.

Some violent hands were laid on Humphrey's life. Shak.

3. Produced or effected by force; not spontaneous; unnatural; abnormal.

These violent delights have violent ends. Shak.

No violent state can be perpetual. T. Burnet.

Ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and void. Milton.

Violent presumption (Law) , presumption of a fact that arises from proof of circumstances which necessarily attend such facts. -- Violent profits (Scots Law) , rents or profits of an estate obtained by a tenant wrongfully holding over after warning. They are recoverable in a process of removing.

Syn. -- Fierce; vehement; outrageous; boisterous; turbulent; impetuous; passionate; severe; extreme.

Violent <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*lent , n. An assailant. [Obs.]

Dr. H. More.

Violent <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*lent , v. t. [Cf. F. violenter .] To urge with violence. [Obs.]

Fuller.

Violent <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*lent , v. i. To be violent; to act violently. [Obs.]

The grief is fine, full, perfect, that I taste, An violenteth in a sense as strong As that which causeth it. Shak.

Violently <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*lent*ly , adv. In a violent manner.

Violescent <Xpage=1611>

Vi`o*les"cent (?) , a. [L. viola a violet.] Tending to a violet color; violascent.

Violet <Xpage=1611>

Vi"o*let (?) , n. [F. violette a violet (cf. violet violet-colored), dim. of OF. viole a violet, L. viola ; akin to Gr. <?/. Cf. Iodine .] 1. (Bot.) Any plant or flower of the genus Viola , of many species. The violets are generally low, herbaceous plants, and the flowers of many of the species are blue, while others are white or yellow, or of several colors, as the pansy ( Viola tricolor ).

&hand; The cultivated sweet violet is Viola odorata of Europe. The common blue violet of the eastern United States is V. cucullata ; the sand, or bird-foot, violet is V. pedata .

2. The color of a violet, or that part of the spectrum farthest from red. It is the most refrangible part of the spectrum.

3. In art, a color produced by a combination of red and blue in equal proportions; a bluish purple color.

Mollett.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small violet-colored butterflies belonging to Lyc\'91na , or Rusticus , and allied genera.

<page="1612"> Page 1612

Corn violet . See under Corn . -- Dame's violet . (Bot.) See Damewort . -- Dogtooth violet . (Bot.) See under Dogtooth . -- Water violet (Bot.) , an aquatic European herb ( Hottonia palustris ) with pale purplish flowers and pinnatifid leaves.

Violet <Xpage=1612>

Vi"o*let (?) , a. [Cf. F. violet . See Violet , n. ] Dark blue, inclining to red; bluish purple; having a color produced by red and blue combined.

Violet shell (Zo\'94l.) , any species of Ianthina; -- called also violet snail . See Lanthina . -- Violet wood , a name given to several kinds of hard purplish or reddish woods, as king wood, myall wood, and the wood of the Andira violacea , a tree of Guiana.

Violet-tip <Xpage=1612>

Vi"o*let-tip" (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A very handsome American butterfly ( Polygonia interrogationis ). Its wings are mottled with various shades of red and brown and have violet tips.

Violin <Xpage=1612>

Vi`o*lin" (?) , n. [It. violino , dim. of viola . See Viol .] (Mus.) A small instrument with four strings, played with a bow; a fiddle.

&hand; The violin is distinguished for the brilliancy and gayety, as well as the power and variety, of its tones, and in the orchestra it is the leading and most important instrument.

Violine <Xpage=1612>

Vi"o*line (?) , n. (Chem.) (a) A pale yellow amorphous substance of alkaloidal nature and emetic properties, said to have been extracted from the root and foliage of the violet ( Viola ). (b) Mauve aniline. See under Mauve .

Violinist <Xpage=1612>

Vi`o*lin"ist (?) , n. [Cf. F. violiniste , violoniste , It. violonista .] A player on the violin.

Violist <Xpage=1612>

Vi"ol*ist (?) , n. [Cf. F. violiste .] A player on the viol.

Violoncellist <Xpage=1612>

Vi`o*lon*cel"list (?) , n. [Cf. F. violoncelliste , It. violoncellista .] A player on the violoncello.

Violoncello <Xpage=1612>

Vi`o*lon*cel"lo (?; 277) , n. [It. violoncello , dim. of violone a bass viol. See Violone .] (Mus.) A stringed instrument of music; a bass viol of four strings, or a bass violin with long, large strings, giving sounds an octave lower than the viola, or tenor or alto violin.

Violone <Xpage=1612>

Vi`o*lo"ne (?) , n. [It. violone , augment. of viola a viol. See Viol .] (Mus.) The largest instrument of the bass-viol kind, having strings tuned an octave below those of the violoncello; the contrabasso; -- called also double bass . [Written also violono .]

Violous <Xpage=1612>

Vi"o*lous (?) , a. Violent. [Obs.]

J. Fletcher.

Violuric <Xpage=1612>

Vi`o*lu"ric (?) , a. [ Viol et + barbit uric .] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex nitroso derivative of barbituric acid. It is obtained as a white or yellow crystalline substance, and forms characteristic yellow, blue, and violet salts.

Viper <Xpage=1612>

Vi"per (?) , n. [F. vip\'8are , L. vipera , probably contr. fr. vivipera ; vivus alive + parere to bring forth, because it was believed to be the only serpent that brings forth living young. Cf. Quick , a. , Parent , Viviparous , Wivern , Weever .]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of Old World venomous makes belonging to Vipera , Clotho , Daboia , and other genera of the family Viperid\'91 .

There came a viper out of the heat, and fastened on his hand. Acts xxviii. 3.

&hand; Among the best-known species are the European adder ( Pelias berus ), the European asp ( Vipera aspis ), the African horned viper ( V. cerastes ), and the Indian viper ( Daboia Russellii ).

2. A dangerous, treacherous, or malignant person.

Who committed To such a viper his most sacred trust Of secrecy. Milton.

Horned viper . (Zo\'94l.) See Cerastes . -- Red viper (Zo\'94l.) , the copperhead. -- Viper fish (Zo\'94l.) , a small, slender, phosphorescent deep-sea fish ( Chauliodus Sloanii ). It has long ventral and dorsal fins, a large mouth, and very long, sharp teeth. -- Viper's bugloss (Bot.) , a rough-leaved biennial herb ( Echium vulgare ) having showy purplish blue flowers. It is sometimes cultivated, but has become a pestilent weed in fields from New York to Virginia. Also called blue weed . -- Viper's grass (Bot.) , a perennial composite herb ( Scorzonera Hispanica ) with narrow, entire leaves, and solitary heads of yellow flowers. The long, white, carrot-shaped roots are used for food in Spain and some other countries. Called also viper grass .

Viperina <Xpage=1612>

Vi`per*i"na (?) , n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) See Viperoidea .

Viperine <Xpage=1612>

Vi"per*ine (?; 277) , a. [L. viperinus : cf. F. vip\'82rin .] Of or pertaining to a viper or vipers; resembling a viper.

Viperine snake . (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any venomous snake of the family Viperid\'91 . (b) A harmless snake resembling a viper in form or color, esp. Tropidonotus viperinus , a small European species which resembles the viper in color.

Viperish <Xpage=1612>

Vi"per*ish , a. Somewhat like a viper; viperous.

Viperoidea, Viperoides <Xpage=1612>

Vi`per*oi"de*a (?) , Vi`per*oi"des (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Viper , and -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) A division of serpents which includes the true vipers of the Old World and the rattlesnakes and moccasin snakes of America; -- called also Viperina .

Viperous <Xpage=1612>

Vi"per*ous (?) , a. Having the qualities of a viper; malignant; venomous; as, a viperous tongue . "This viperous slander." Shak . -- Vi"per*ous*ly , adv.

Viraginian <Xpage=1612>

Vi`ra*gin"i*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a virago; having the qualities of a virago.

Milton.

Viraginity <Xpage=1612>

Vi`ra*gin"i*ty (?) , n. The qualities or characteristics of a virago.

Virago <Xpage=1612>

Vi*ra"go (?; 277) , n. ; pl. Viragoes (#) . [L. virago , -intis , from vir a man. See Virile .] 1. A woman of extraordinary stature, strength, and courage; a woman who has the robust body and masculine mind of a man; a female warrior.

To arms! to arms! the fierce virago cries. Pope.

2. Hence, a mannish woman; a bold, turbulent woman; a termagant; a vixen.

Virago . . . serpent under femininity. Chaucer.

Vire <Xpage=1612>

Vire (?) , n. [OF. vire , fr. virer to turn. Cf. Veer , Vireton .] An arrow, having a rotary motion, formerly used with the crossbow. Cf. Vireton .

Gower.

Virelay <Xpage=1612>

Vir"e*lay (?) , n. [F. virelai ; virer to turn + lai a song, a lay.] An ancient French song, or short poem, wholly in two rhymes, and composed in short lines, with a refrain.

Of such matter made he many lays, Songs, complains, roundels, virelayes . Chaucer.

To which a lady sung a virelay . Dryden.

&hand; "The virelay admitted only two rhymes, and, after employing one for some time, the poet was virer , or to turn, to the other."

Nares.

Virent <Xpage=1612>

Vi"rent (?) , a. [L. virens , p. pr. of virere to be green.] Green; not withered. [R.]

Sir T. Browne.

Vireo <Xpage=1612>