Chapter 1847

Vimineous <Xpage=1610>

Vi*min"e*ous (?; 277) , a. [L. vimineus , fr. vimen pliant twig.] 1. Of or pertaining to twigs; made of pliant twigs. "In the hive's vimineous dome."

Prior.

2. (Bot.) Producing long, slender twigs or shoots.

Vinaceous <Xpage=1610>

Vi*na"ceous (?; 277) , a. [L. vinaceus . See Vine .] 1. Belonging to, or like, wine or grapes.

2. Of the color of wine, especially of red wine.

Vinaigrette <Xpage=1610>

Vin`ai*grette" (?) , n. [F., fr. vinaigre vinegar.] 1. (Cookery) A sauce, made of vinegar, oil, and other ingredients, -- used esp. for cold meats.

2. A small perforated box for holding aromatic vinegar contained in a sponge, or a smelling bottle for smelling salts; -- called also vinegarette .

3. A small, two-wheeled vehicle, like a Bath chair, to be drawn or pushed by a boy or man. [R.]

Vinagrous <Xpage=1610>

Vin"a*grous (?) , a. [F. vinaigre vinegar.]

1. Resembling vinegar; sour.

2. Fig.: Unamiable; morose.

Carlyle.

Vinasse <Xpage=1610>

Vi*nasse" (?) , n. [F.] (Chem.) The waste liquor remaining in the process of making beet sugar, -- used in the manufacture of potassium carbonate.

Vinatico <Xpage=1610>

Vi*nat"i*co (?) , n. [Pg. vinhatico .] Madeira mahogany; the coarse, dark-colored wood of the Persea Indica .

Vincentian <Xpage=1610>

Vin*cen"tian (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Saint Vincent de Paul, or founded by him. [R.]

Vincentian <Xpage=1610>

Vin*cen"tian , n. (R. C. Ch.) (a) Same as Lazarist . (b) A member of certain charitable sisterhoods.

Vincetoxin <Xpage=1610>

Vin`ce*tox"in (?) , n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from the root of the white swallowwort ( Vincetoxicum officinale , a plant of the Asclepias family) as a bitter yellow amorphous substance; -- called also asclepiadin , and cynanchin .

Vincibility <Xpage=1610>

Vin`ci*bil"i*ty (?) , n. The quality or state of being vincible, vincibleness.

Vincible <Xpage=1610>

Vin"ci*ble (?) , a. [L. vincibilis , fr. vincere to vanquish, conquer: cf. F. vincible . See Victor .] Capable of being overcome or subdued; conquerable. "He, not vincible in spirit . . . drew his sword." Hayward . " Vincible by human aid." Paley .

Vincible ignorance (Theol.) , ignorance within the individual's control and for which, therefore, he is responsible before God.

Vincibleness <Xpage=1610>

Vin"ci*ble*ness , n. The quality or state of being vincible.

Vincture <Xpage=1610>

Vinc"ture (?; 135) , n. [L. vinctura , fr. vincire , vinctum , to bind.] A binding. [Obs.]

Vinculum <Xpage=1610>

Vin"cu*lum (?) , n. ; pl. L. Vincula (#) , E. Vinculums (#) . [L., from vincire , vinctum , to bind.] 1. A bond of union; a tie.

2. (Math.) A straight, horizontal mark placed over two or more members of a compound quantity, which are to be subjected to the same operation, as in the expression x 2 + y 2 - x + y . <-- the same effect is more usually obtained by enclosing the expression under the vinculum in parentheses. -->

3. (Anat.) A band or bundle of fibers; a fr\'91num.

4. (Zo\'94l.) A commissure uniting the two main tendons in the foot of certain birds.

Vindemial <Xpage=1610>

Vin*de"mi*al (?) , a. [L. vindemialis , fr. vindemia a vintage. See Vintage .] Of or pertaining to a vintage, or grape harvest. [R.]

Vindemiate <Xpage=1610>

Vin*de"mi*ate (?) , v. i. [L. vindemiare . See Vindemial .] To gather the vintage. [Obs.]

Evelyn.

Vindemiation <Xpage=1610>

Vin*de`mi*a"tion (?) , n. [LL. vindemiatio .] The operation of gathering grapes. [Obs.]

Bailey.

Vindicable <Xpage=1610>

Vin"di*ca*ble (?) , a. Capable of being vindicated. -- Vin`di*ca*bil"i*ty (#) , n.

Vindicate <Xpage=1610>

Vin"di*cate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Vindicated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Vindicating .] [L. vindicatus , p. p. of vindicare to lay claim to, defend, avenge. See Vengeance .] 1. To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim. [R.]

Is thine alone the seed that strews the plain? The birds of heaven shall vindicate their grain. Pope.

2. To maintain or defend with success; to prove to be valid; to assert convincingly; to sustain against assault; as, to vindicate a right, claim, or title .

3. To support or maintain as true or correct, against denial, censure, or objections; to defend; to justify.

When the respondent denies any proposition, the opponent must directly vindicate . . . that proposition. I. Watts.

Laugh where we must, be candid where we can, But vindicate the ways of God to man. Pope.

4. To maintain, as a law or a cause, by overthrowing enemies.

Milton.

5. To liberate; to set free; to deliver. [Obs.]

I am confident he deserves much more That vindicates his country from a tyrant Than he that saves a citizen. Massinger.

6. To avenge; to punish; as, a war to vindicate or punish infidelity . [Obs.]

Bacon.

God is more powerful to exact subjection and to vindicate rebellion. Bp. Pearson.

Syn. -- To assert; maintain; claim. See Assert .

Vindication <Xpage=1610>

Vin`di*ca"tion (?) , n. [L. vindicatio a laying claim, defense, vindication. See Vindicate .] 1. The act of vindicating, or the state of being vindicated; defense; justification against denial or censure; as, the vindication of opinions; his vindication is complete .

Occasion for the vindication of this passage in my book. Locke.

2. (Civil Law) The claiming a thing as one's own; the asserting of a right or title in, or to, a thing.

Burrill.

Vindicative <Xpage=1610>

Vin"di*ca*tive (?; 277) , a. [Cf. F. vindicatif . Cf. Vindictive .] 1. Tending to vindicate; vindicating; as, a vindicative policy .

2. Revengeful; vindictive. [Obs.]

Vindicative persons live the life of witches, who, as they are mischievous, so end they infortunate. Bacon.

-- Vin"di*ca*tive*ness , n.

Vindicator <Xpage=1610>

Vin"di*ca`tor (?) , n. [LL., an avenger.] One who vindicates; one who justifies or maintains.

Locke.

Vindicatory <Xpage=1610>

Vin"di*ca*to*ry (?) , a. 1. Tending or serving to vindicate or justify; justificatory; vindicative.

2. Inflicting punishment; avenging; punitory.

The afflictions of Job were no vindicatory punishments to take vengeance of his sins. Abp. Bramhall.

Vindictive <Xpage=1610>

Vin*dic"tive (?) , a. [For vindicative , confused with L. vindicta revenge, punishment, fr. vindicare to vindicate. Cf. Vindicative .] 1. Disposed to revenge; prompted or characterized by revenge; revengeful.

I am vindictive enough to repel force by force. Dryden.

2. Punitive. [Obs.]

Vindictive damages . (Law) See under Damage , n.

-- Vin*dic"tive*ly , adv. -- Vin*dic"tive*ness , n.

Vine <Xpage=1610>

Vine (?) , n. [F. vigne , L. vinea a vineyard, vine from vineus of or belonging to wine, vinum wine, grapes. See Wine , and cf. Vignette .] (Bot.) (a) Any woody climbing plant which bears grapes. (b) Hence, a climbing or trailing plant; the long, slender stem of any plant that trails on the ground, or climbs by winding round a fixed object, or by seizing anything with its tendrils, or claspers; a creeper; as, the hop vine ; the bean vine ; the vines of melons, squashes, pumpkins, and other cucurbitaceous plants.

There shall be no grapes on the vine . Jer. viii. 13.

And one went out into the field to gather herbs, and found a wild vine , and gathered thereof wild gourds. 2 Kings iv. 89.

Vine apple (Bot.) , a small kind of squash. Roger Williams . -- Vine beetle (Zo\'94l.) , any one of several species of beetles which are injurious to the leaves or branches of the grapevine. Among the more important species are the grapevine fidia (see Fidia ), the spotted Pelidnota (see Rutilian ), the vine fleabeetle ( Graptodera chalybea ), the rose beetle (see under Rose ), the vine weevil, and several species of Colaspis and Anomala . -- Vine borer . (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of several species of beetles whose larv\'91 bore in the wood or pith of the grapevine, especially Sinoxylon basilare , a small species the larva of which bores in the stems, and Ampeloglypter sesostris , a small reddish brown weevil (called also vine weevil ), which produces knotlike galls on the branches. (b) A clearwing moth ( \'92geria polistiformis ), whose larva bores in the roots of the grapevine and is often destructive. -- Vine dragon , an old and fruitless branch of a vine. [Obs.] Holland . -- Vine forester (Zo\'94l.) , any one of several species of moths belonging to Alypia and allied genera, whose larv\'91 feed on the leaves of the grapevine. -- Vine fretter (Zo\'94l.) , a plant louse, esp. the phylloxera that injuries the grapevine. -- Vine grub (Zo\'94l.) , any one of numerous species of insect larv\'91 that are injurious to the grapevine. -- Vine hopper (Zo\'94l.) , any one of several species of leaf hoppers which suck the sap of the grapevine, especially Erythroneura vitis . See Illust . of Grape hopper , under Grape . -- Vine inchworm (Zo\'94l.) , the larva of any species of geometrid moths which feed on the leaves of the grapevine, especially Cidaria diversilineata . -- Vine-leaf rooer (Zo\'94l.) , a small moth ( Desmia maculalis ) whose larva makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of the grapevine. The moth is brownish black, spotted with white. -- Vine louse (Zo\'94l.) , the phylloxera. -- Vine mildew (Bot.) , a fungous growth which forms a white, delicate, cottony layer upon the leaves, young shoots, and fruit of the vine, causing brown spots upon the green parts, and finally a hardening and destruction of the vitality of the surface. The plant has been called Oidium Tuckeri , but is now thought to be the conidia-producing stage of an Erysiphe . -- Vine of Sodom (Bot.) , a plant named in the Bible ( Deut. xxxii. 32 ), now thought to be identical with the apple of Sodom. See Apple of Sodom , under Apple . -- Vine sawfly (Zo\'94l.) , a small black sawfiy ( Selandria vitis ) whose larva feeds upon the leaves of the grapevine. The larv\'91 stand side by side in clusters while feeding. -- Vine slug (Zo\'94l.) , the larva of the vine sawfly. -- Vine sorrel (Bot.) , a climbing plant ( Cissus acida ) related to the grapevine, and having acid leaves. It is found in Florida and the West Indies. -- Vine sphinx (Zo\'94l.) , any one of several species of hawk moths. The larv\'91 feed on grapevine leaves. -- Vine weevil . (Zo\'94l.) See Vine borer (a) above, and Wound gall , under Wound .

<page="1611"> Page 1611

Vineal <Xpage=1611>

Vi"ne*al (?) , a. [L. vinealis .] Of or pertaining to vines; containing vines. [R.]

Sir T. Browne.

Vine-clad <Xpage=1611>

Vine"-clad` (?) , a. Covered with vines.

Vined <Xpage=1611>

Vined (?) , a. Having leaves like those of the vine; ornamented with vine leaves. " Vined and figured columns."

Sir H. Wotton.

Vinedresser <Xpage=1611>

Vine"dress`er (?) , n. One who cultivates, prunes, or cares for, grapevines; a laborer in a vineyard.

The sons of the shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers . Isa. lxi. 5.

Vinegar <Xpage=1611>

Vin"e*gar (?) , n. [OE. vinegre , F. vinaigre ; vin wine (L. vinum ) + aigre sour. See Wine , and Eager , a. ] 1. A sour liquid used as a condiment, or as a preservative, and obtained by the spontaneous ( acetous ) fermentation, or by the artificial oxidation, of wine, cider, beer, or the like.

&hand; The characteristic sourness of vinegar is due to acetic acid, of which it contains from three to five per cent. Wine vinegar contains also tartaric acid, citric acid, etc.

2. Hence, anything sour; -- used also metaphorically.

Here's the challenge: . . . I warrant there's vinegar and pepper in't. Shak.

Aromatic vinegar , strong acetic acid highly flavored with aromatic substances. -- Mother of vinegar . See 4th Mother . -- Radical vinegar , acetic acid. -- Thieves' vinegar . See under Thief . -- Vinegar eel (Zo\'94l.) , a minute nematode worm ( Leptodera oxophila , or Anguillula acetiglutinis ), commonly found in great numbers in vinegar, sour paste, and other fermenting vegetable substances; -- called also vinegar worm . -- Vinegar lamp (Chem.) , a fanciful name of an apparatus designed to oxidize alcohol to acetic acid by means of platinum. -- Vinegar plant . See 4th Mother . -- Vinegar tree (Bot.) , the stag-horn sumac ( Rhus typhina ), whose acid berries have been used to intensify the sourness of vinegar. -- Wood vinegar . See under Wood .

Vinegar <Xpage=1611>

Vin"e*gar , v. t. To convert into vinegar; to make like vinegar; to render sour or sharp. [Obs.]

Hoping that he hath vinegared his senses As he was bid. B. Jonson.

Vinegarette <Xpage=1611>

Vin`e*gar*ette" (?) , n. See Vinaigrette , n. , 2.

Vinegary <Xpage=1611>

Vin"e*gar*y (?) , a. Having the nature of vinegar; sour; unamiable.

Viner <Xpage=1611>

Vin"er (?) , n. A vinedresser. [Obs.]

Vinery <Xpage=1611>

Vin"er*y (?) , n. 1. A vineyard. [Obs.] "The vinery of Ramer."

Fabyan.

2. A structure, usually inclosed with glass, for rearing and protecting vines; a grapery.

Vinette <Xpage=1611>

Vi*nette" (?) , n. [Cf. Vignette .] A sprig or branch. [Archaic]

Halliwell.

Vinewed <Xpage=1611>

Vin"ewed (?) , a. Same as Vinnewed .

Vineyard <Xpage=1611>

Vine"yard (?) , n. [For OE. winyard , AS. w\'c6ngeard ; influenced by E. vine . See Wine , and Yard an inclosure.] An inclosure or yard for grapevines; a plantation of vines producing grapes.

Vineyardist <Xpage=1611>

Vine"yard*ist , n. One who cultivates a vineyard.

Vingt et un <Xpage=1611>

Vingt` et` un" (?) . [F., twenty and one.] A game at cards, played by two or more persons. The fortune of each player depends upon obtaining from the dealer such cards that the sum of their pips, or spots, is twenty-one, or a number near to it. <-- also called blackjack, or twenty-one. There are several variations (such as Caribbean blackjack). In the most common variation played in casinos, there is one dealer and up to seven players. The players and dealer each receive two cards, and the players in turn decide whether they will request additional cards ("hit"), the objective being to reach a sum of card values as close as possible to twenty-one, without exceeding that number. If, on hitting, the player's total card values exceed 21, he has "busted", and lost his bet. Otherwise, the player wins only if his total card values exceed those of the dealer. "picture cards" (or "face cards", being the jack, queen, and king) are counted as having a value of ten. The ace may count as one or ten, at the player's option. Other than to hit, there are also other possible actions by the player, such as to "double down" (receive only one additional card, while doubling the initial bet), or to "split" (if the first two cards have the same value). -->

Vingtun <Xpage=1611>

Vingt`un" (?) , n. Contraction for Vingt et un .

Vinic <Xpage=1611>

Vin"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to wine; as, vinic alcohol .

Viniculture <Xpage=1611>

Vin"i*cul`ture (?) , n. [L. vinum wine + cultura culture.] The cultivation of the vine, esp. for making wine; viticulture.

Vinnewed <Xpage=1611>

Vin"newed (?) , a. [See Fenowed .] Moldy; musty. [Written also vinewed .] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

-- Vin"newed*ness , n. [Obs.]

Many of Chaucer's words are become, as it were, vinnewed and hoary with over-long lying. F. Beaumont.

Vinny <Xpage=1611>

Vin"ny (?) , a. Vinnewed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Vinolency <Xpage=1611>

Vin"o*len*cy (?) , n. [L. vinolentina . See Vinolent .] Drunkennes. [Obs.]

Vinolent <Xpage=1611>

Vin"o*lent (?) , a. [L. vinolentus , fr. vinum wine.] Given to wine; drunken; intemperate. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Vinometer <Xpage=1611>

Vin*om"e*ter (?) , n. [L. vinum vine + -meter .] An instrument for determining the strength or purity of wine by measuring its density.

Vin ordinaire <Xpage=1611>

Vin` or`di`naire" (?) . [F., lit., common wine.] A cheap claret, used as a table wine in France.

Vinose <Xpage=1611>

Vi*nose" (?) , a. Vinous.

Vinosity <Xpage=1611>

Vi*nos"i*ty (?) , n. [L. vinositas : cf. F. vinosit\'82 .] The quality or state of being vinous.

Vinous <Xpage=1611>

Vi"nous (?) , a. [L. vinosus , fr. vinum wine: cf. F. vineux . See Wine .] Of or pertaining to wine; having the qualities of wine; as, a vinous taste .

Vinquish <Xpage=1611>

Vin"quish (?) , n. (Far.) See Vanquish , n.

Vintage <Xpage=1611>

Vint"age (?; 48) , n. [Corrupted by influence of vintner , vintry , from OE. vindage , vendage , for vendange , OF. vendenge , F. vendange , from L. vindemia ; vinum wine, grapes + demere to take off; de + emere , originally, to take. See Wine , Redeem , and cf. Vindemial .] 1. The produce of the vine for one season, in grapes or in wine; as, the vintage is abundant; the vintage of 1840 .

2. The act or time of gathering the crop of grapes, or making the wine for a season.