Chapter 1841

5. An account or description from a particular point of view, especially as contrasted with another account; as, he gave another version of the affair .

Versionist <Xpage=1604>

Ver"sion*ist , n. One who makes or favors a version; a translator. [R.]

Verso <Xpage=1604>

Ver"so (?) , n. [L. versus , p. p. of vertere to turn: cf. F. verso .] (Print.) The reverse, or left-hand, page of a book or a folded sheet of paper; -- opposed to recto .

Versor <Xpage=1604>

Ver"sor (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. vertere , versus , to turn. See Version .] (Geom.) The turning factor of a quaternion.

&hand; The change of one vector into another is considered in quaternions as made up of two operations; 1st, the rotation of the first vector so that it shall be parallel to the second; 2d, the change of length so that the first vector shall be equal to the second. That which expresses in amount and kind the first operation is a versor , and is denoted geometrically by a line at right angles to the plane in which the rotation takes place, the length of this line being proportioned to the amount of rotation. That which expresses the second operation is a tensor . The product of the versor and tensor expresses the total operation, and is called a quaternion . See Quaternion .

Quadrantal versor . See under Quadrantal .

Verst <Xpage=1604>

Verst (?) , n. [Russ. versta : cf. F. verste .] A Russian measure of length containing 3,500 English feet. [Written also werst .]

Versual <Xpage=1604>

Ver"su*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a verse.

Versus <Xpage=1604>

Ver"sus (?) , prep. [L., toward, turned in the direction of, from vertere , versum , to turn. See Verse .] Against; as, John Doe versus Richard Roe ; -- chiefly used in legal language, and abbreviated to v. or vs.

Versute <Xpage=1604>

Ver*sute" (?) , a. [L. versutus , fr. vertere , versum , to turn.] Crafty; wily; cunning; artful. [R.]

Vert <Xpage=1604>

Vert (?) , n. [F., green, from L. viridis . See Verdant , and cf. Verd .] 1. (Eng. Forest Law) (a) Everything that grows, and bears a green leaf, within the forest; as, to preserve vert and venison is the duty of the verderer . (b) The right or privilege of cutting growing wood.

2. (Her.) The color green, represented in a drawing or engraving by parallel lines sloping downward toward the right.

Verteber <Xpage=1604>

Ver"te*ber (?) , n. A vertebra. [Obs.]

Vertebra <Xpage=1604>

Ver"te*bra (?) , n. ; pl. Vertebr\'91 (#) . [L. vertebra , fr. vertere to turn, change. See Verse .]

1. (Anat.) One of the serial segments of the spinal column.

&hand; In many fishes the vertebr\'91 are simple cartilaginous disks or short cylinders, but in the higher vertebrates they are composed of many parts, and the vertebr\'91 in different portions of the same column vary very greatly. A well-developed vertebra usually consists of a more or less cylindrical and solid body, or centrum , which is surmounted dorsally by an arch, leaving an opening which forms a part of the canal containing the spinal cord. From this dorsal, or neural, arch spring various processes, or apophyses , which have received special names: a dorsal, or neural, spine, spinous process , or neurapophysis , on the middle of the arch; two anterior and two posterior articular processes , or zygapophyses ; and one or two transverse processes on each side. In those vertebr\'91 which bear well-developed ribs, a tubercle near the end of the rib articulates at a tubercular facet on the transverse process ( diapophysis ), while the end, or head, of the rib articulates at a more ventral capitular facet which is sometimes developed into a second, or ventral, transverse process ( parapophysis ). In vertebrates with well-developed hind limbs, the spinal column is divided into five regions in each of which the vertebr\'91 are specially designated: those vertebr\'91 in front of, or anterior to, the first vertebra which bears ribs connected with the sternum are cervical ; all those which bear ribs and are back of the cervicals are dorsal ; the one or more directly supporting the pelvis are sacral and form the sacrum; those between the sacral and dorsal are lumbar ; and all those back of the sacral are caudal , or coccygeal . In man there are seven cervical vertebr\'91, twelve dorsal, five lumbar, five sacral, and usually four, but sometimes five and rarely three, coccygeal.

2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the central ossicles in each joint of the arms of an ophiuran.

<page="1605"> Page 1605

Vertebral <Xpage=1605>

Ver"te*bral (?) , a. [Cf. F. vert\'82bral .] 1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a vertebr\'91, or the vertebral column; spinal; rachidian.

2. Vertebrate.

Vertebral <Xpage=1605>

Ver"te*bral , n. (Zo\'94l.) A vertebrate. [R.]

Vertebrally <Xpage=1605>

Ver"te*bral*ly , adv. (Anat.) At or within a vertebra or vertebr\'91; -- distinguished from interverterbrally .

Vertebrarterial <Xpage=1605>

Ver`te*brar*te"ri*al (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a vertebr\'91 and an artery; -- said of the foramina in the transverse processes of cervical vertebr\'91 and of the canal which they form for the vertebral artery and vein.

Vertebrata <Xpage=1605>

Ver`te*bra"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom, comprising all animals that have a backbone composed of bony or cartilaginous vertebr\'91, together with Amphioxus in which the backbone is represented by a simple undivided notochord. The Vertebrata always have a dorsal, or neural, cavity above the notochord or backbone, and a ventral, or visceral, cavity below it. The subdivisions or classes of Vertebrata are Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces, Marsipobranchia, and Leptocardia.

Vertebrate <Xpage=1605>

Ver"te*brate (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Vertebrata.

Vertebrate, Vertebrated <Xpage=1605>

Ver"te*brate (?) , Ver"te*bra`ted (?) , a. [L. vertebratus .] 1. (Anat.) Having a backbone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal marrow, as man, quadrupeds, birds, amphibia, and fishes.

2. (Bot.) Contracted at intervals, so as to resemble the spine in animals.

Henslow.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Having movable joints resembling vertebr\'91; -- said of the arms ophiurans.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Vertebrata; -- used only in the form vertebrate .

Vertebre <Xpage=1605>

Ver"te*bre (?) , n. (Anat.) A vertebra. [Obs.]

Vertebro- <Xpage=1605>

Ver"te*bro- (?) . A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with , or relation to , a vertebra , vertebr\'91 , or vertebral column ; as in vertebro costal.

Vertebro-iliac <Xpage=1605>

Ver"te*bro-il"i*ac (?) , a. (Anat.) Iliolumbar.

Vertex <Xpage=1605>

Ver"tex (?) , n. ; pl. Vertexes (#) , L. Vertices (#) . [L. vertex , -icis , a whirl, top of the head, top, summit, from vertere to turn. See Verse , and cf. Vortex .] A turning point; the principal or highest point; top; summit; crown; apex. Specifically: --

(a) (Anat.) The top, or crown, of the head.

(b) (Anat.) The zenith, or the point of the heavens directly overhead.

(c) (Math.) The point in any figure opposite to, and farthest from, the base; the terminating point of some particular line or lines in a figure or a curve; the top, or the point opposite the base.

&hand; The principal vertex of a conic section is, in the parabola, the vertex of the axis of the curve: in the ellipse, either extremity of either axis, but usually the left-hand vertex of the transverse axis; in the hyperbola, either vertex, but usually the right-hand vertex of the transverse axis.

Vertex of a curve (Math.) , the point in which the axis of the curve intersects it. -- Vertex of an angle (Math.) , the point in which the sides of the angle meet. -- Vertex of a solid , &or; of a surface of revolution (Math.) , the point in which the axis pierces the surface.

Vertical <Xpage=1605>

Ver"ti*cal (?) , a. [Cf. F. vertical . See Vertex .]

1. Of or pertaining to the vertex; situated at the vertex, or highest point; directly overhead, or in the zenith; perpendicularly above one.

Charity . . . is the vertical top of all religion. Jer. Taylor.

2. Perpendicular to the plane of the horizon; upright; plumb; as, a vertical line .

Vertical angle (Astron. & Geod.) , an angle measured on a vertical circle, called an angle of elevation , or altitude , when reckoned from the horizon upward, and of depression when downward below the horizon. -- Vertical anthers (Bot.) , such anthers as stand erect at the top of the filaments. -- Vertical circle (Astron.) , an azimuth circle. See under Azimuth . -- Vertical drill , an drill. See under Upright . -- Vertical fire (Mil.) , the fire, as of mortars, at high angles of elevation. -- Vertical leaves (Bot.) , leaves which present their edges to the earth and the sky, and their faces to the horizon, as in the Australian species of Eucalyptus. -- Vertical limb , a graduated arc attached to an instrument, as a theodolite, for measuring vertical angles. -- Vertical line . (a) (Dialing) A line perpendicular to the horizon. (b) (Conic Sections) A right line drawn on the vertical plane, and passing through the vertex of the cone. (c) (Surv.) The direction of a plumb line; a line normal to the surface of still water. (d) (Geom., Drawing, etc.) A line parallel to the sides of a page or sheet, in distinction from a horizontal line parallel to the top or bottom. -- Vertical plane . (a) (Conic Sections) A plane passing through the vertex of a cone, and through its axis. (b) (Projections) Any plane which passes through a vertical line. (c) (Persp.) The plane passing through the point of sight, and perpendicular to the ground plane, and also to the picture. -- Vertical sash , a sash sliding up and down. Cf. French sash , under 3d Sash . -- Vertical steam engine , a steam engine having the crank shaft vertically above or below a vertical cylinder.

Vertical <Xpage=1605>

Ver"ti*cal , n. 1. Vertical position; zenith. [R.]

2. (Math.) A vertical line, plane, or circle.

Prime vertical , Prime vertical dial . See under Prime , a.

Verticality <Xpage=1605>

Ver`ti*cal"i*ty (?) , n. The quality or state of being vertical; verticalness. [R.]

The different points of the verticality . Sir T. Browne.

Vertically <Xpage=1605>

Ver"ti*cal*ly (?) , adv. In a vertical manner, position, or direction; perpendicularly; as, to look down vertically ; to raise a thing vertically .

Verticalness <Xpage=1605>

Ver"ti*cal*ness , n. Quality or state of being vertical.

Verticil <Xpage=1605>

Ver"ti*cil (?) , n. [L. verticillus , dim. of vertex a whirl: cf. F. verticille . See Vertex .] (Bot.) A circle either of leaves or flowers about a stem at the same node; a whorl. [Written also verticel .]

Verticillaster <Xpage=1605>

Ver`ti*cil*las"ter (?) , a. [NL., fr. L. verticillus a whirl + aster a star.] (Bot.) A whorl of flowers apparently of one cluster, but composed of two opposite axillary cymes, as in mint. See Illust . of Whorl .

Verticillate; 277, Verticillated <Xpage=1605>

Ver*tic"il*late (?; 277) , Ver*tic"il*la`ted (?) , a. [See Verticil .] (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Arranged in a transverse whorl or whorls like the rays of a wheel; as, verticillate leaves of a plant; a verticillate shell .

Verticillus <Xpage=1605>

Ver`ti*cil"lus (?) , n. [L., a whirl.] (Bot.) A whorl; a verticil.

Verticity <Xpage=1605>

Ver*tic"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. verticit\'82 . See Vertex .] The quality or power of turning; revolution; rotation. [R.]

Locke.

I hardly believe he hath from elder times unknown the verticity of the loadstone. Sir T. Browne.

Verticle <Xpage=1605>

Ver"ti*cle (?) , n. [L. verticula a joint.] An axis; hinge; a turning point.

E. Waterhouse.

Vertiginate <Xpage=1605>

Ver*tig"i*nate (?) , a. Turned round; giddy. [R.]

Coleridge.

Vertiginous <Xpage=1605>

Ver*tig"i*nous (?) , a. [L. vertiginosus , fr. vertigo a whirling around, giddiness: cf. F. vertigineux . See Vertig<?/<?/ .] 1. Turning round; whirling; rotary; revolving; as, vertiginous motion .

Some vertiginous whirl of fortune. De Quincey.

2. Affected with vertigo; giddy; dizzy.

They [the angels] grew vertiginous , and fell from the battlements of heaven. Jer. Taylor.

-- Ver*tig"i*nous*ly , adv. -- Ver*tig"i*nous*ness , n.

Vertigo <Xpage=1605>

Ver"ti*go (?; 277) , n ; pl. E. Vertigoes (#) , L. Vertigines (#) . [L., fr. vertere to turn. See Verse .] 1. (Med.) Dizziness or swimming of the head; an affection of the head in which objects, though stationary, appear to move in various directions, and the person affected finds it difficult to maintain an erect posture; giddiness.

Quian.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of small land snails belonging to the genus Vertigo , having an elongated or conical spiral shell and usually teeth in the aperture.

Vertilinear <Xpage=1605>

Ver`ti*lin"e*ar (?) , a. [ Verti cal + linear .] Straight; rectilinear. [R.]

Vertu <Xpage=1605>

Ver"tu (?) , n. 1. Virtue; power. See Virtue . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

2. See Virtu .

Vertuous <Xpage=1605>

Ver"tu*ous (?) , a. Virtuous; powerful. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Verumontanum <Xpage=1605>

Ver`u*mon*ta"num (?) , n. [NL.] (Anat.) An elevation, or crest, in the wall of the urethra where the seminal ducts enter it.

&hand; This is sometimes written veru montanum .

Vervain <Xpage=1605>

Ver"vain (?) , n. [OE. verveine , F. verveine , fr. L. verbena , pl. verbenae sacred boughs of laurel, olive, or myrtle, a class of plants; cf. verbenaca vervain. Cf. Verbena .] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Verbena.

Vervain mallow (Bot.) , a species of mallow ( Malva Alcea ) with rose-colored flowers.

Verve <Xpage=1605>

Verve , n. [F.] Excitement of imagination such as animates a poet, artist, or musician, in composing or performing; rapture; enthusiasm; spirit; energy.

Vervel <Xpage=1605>

Ver"vel (?) , n. See Varvel .

Vervet <Xpage=1605>

Ver"vet (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A South African monkey ( Cercopithecus pygerythrus, &or; Lelandii ). The upper parts are grayish green, finely specked with black. The cheeks and belly are reddish white.

Very <Xpage=1605>

Ver"y (?) , a. [ Compar. Verier (?) ; superl. Veriest .] [OE. verai , verray , OF. verai , vrai , F. vrai , (assumed) LL. veracus , for L. verax true, veracious, fr. verus true; akin to OHG. & OS. w\'ber , G. wahr , D. waar ; perhaps originally, that is or exists, and akin to E. was . Cf. Aver , v. t. , Veracious , Verdict , Verity .] True; real; actual; veritable.

Whether thou be my very son Esau or not. Gen. xxvii. 21.

He that covereth a transgression seeketh love; but he that repeateth a matter separateth very friends. Prov. xvii. 9.

The very essence of truth is plainness and brightness. Milton.

I looked on the consideration of public service or public ornament to be real and very justice. Burke.

&hand; Very is sometimes used to make the word with which it is connected emphatic, and may then be paraphrased by same , self-same , itself , and the like. "The very hand, the very words." Shak . "The very rats instinctively have quit it." Shak . "Yea, there where very desolation dwells." Milton . Very is used occasionally in the comparative degree, and more frequently in the superlative. "Was not my lord the verier wag of the two?" Shak . "The veriest hermit in the nation." Pope . "He had spoken the very truth, and transformed it into the veriest falsehood." Hawthorne .

Very Reverend . See the Note under Reverend .

Very <Xpage=1605>

Ver"y (?) , adv. In a high degree; to no small extent; exceedingly; excessively; extremely; as, a very great mountain; a very bright sum; a very cold day; the river flows very rapidly; he was very much hurt .

Vesbium <Xpage=1605>

Ves"bi*um (?) , n. [NL., from L. Vesuvius , contr. Vesbius , Vesuvius.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of which little is known. It is said by Scacchi to have been extracted from a yellowish incrustation from the cracks of a Vesuvian lava erupted in 1631.

Vese <Xpage=1605>

Vese (?) , n. [Cf. Frese , n. ] Onset; rush; violent draught or wind. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Vesica <Xpage=1605>

Ve*si"ca (?) , n. [L.] A bladder.

Vesica piscis . [L., dish bladder.] (Eccl. Art) A glory, or aureole, of oval shape, or composed of two arcs of circles usually represented as surrounding a divine personage. More rarely, an oval composed of two arcs not representing a glory; a solid oval, etc.

Vesical <Xpage=1605>

Ves"i*cal (?) , a. [L. vesica bladder.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the bladder.

Dunglison.

Vesicant <Xpage=1605>

Ves"i*cant (?) , n. [L. vesica blister: cf. F. v\'82sicant .] (Med.) A vesicatory.

Vesicate <Xpage=1605>

Ves"i*cate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Vesicated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Vesicating .] [See Vesicant .] (Med.) To raise little bladders or blisters upon; to inflame and separate the cuticle of; to blister.

Wiseman.

Vesication <Xpage=1605>

Ves`i*ca"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. v\'82sication .] (Med.) The process of vesicating, or of raising blisters.

Vesicatory <Xpage=1605>