Chapter 1822

Val"en*tine (?) , n. 1. A sweetheart chosen on St. Valentine's Day.

2. A letter containing professions of love, or a missive of a sentimental, comic, or burlesque character, sent on St. Valentine's Day.

St. Valentine's Day , a day sacred to St. Valentine; the 14th of February. It was a very old notion, alluded to by Shakespeare, that on this day birds begin to mate. Hence, perhaps, arose the custom of sending love tokens at that time.

Valentinian <Xpage=1592>

Val`en*tin"i*an (?) , n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a school of Judaizing Gnostics in the second century; -- so called from Valentinus , the founder.

Valeramide <Xpage=1592>

Val`er*am"ide (?) , n. [ Valer ic + amide .] (Chem.) The acid amide derivative of valeric acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance.

Valerate <Xpage=1592>

Val"er*ate (?) , n. (Chem.) A salt of valeric acid.

Valerian <Xpage=1592>

Va*le"ri*an (?) , n. [LL. valeriana , perhaps from some person named Valerius , or fr. L. valere to be strong. powerful, on account of its medicinal virtues: cf. F. val\'82riane .] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Valeriana . The root of the officinal valerian ( V. officinalis ) has a strong smell, and is much used in medicine as an antispasmodic.

Greek valerian (Bot.) , a plant ( Polemonium c\'91ruleum ) with blue or white flowers, and leaves resembling those of the officinal valerian.

Valerianaceous <Xpage=1592>

Va*le`ri*an*a"ceous (?) , a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, plants of a natural order ( Valerianacc\'91 ) of which the valerian is the type. The order includes also the corn salads and the oriental spikenard.

Valerianate <Xpage=1592>

Va*le"ri*an*ate (?) , n. (Chem.) A valerate.

Valerianic <Xpage=1592>

Va*le`ri*an"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Performance to, or obtained from, valerian root; specifically, designating an acid which is usually called valeric acid .

Valeric <Xpage=1592>

Va*ler"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Valerianic; specifically, designating any one of three metameric acids, of which the typical one (called also inactive valeric acid ), C4H9CO2H , is obtained from valerian root and other sources, as a corrosive, mobile, oily liquid, having a strong acid taste, and an odor of old cheese.

Active valeric acid , a metameric variety which turns the plane of polarization to the right, although formed by the oxidation of a levorotatory amyl alcohol.

Valeridine <Xpage=1592>

Va*ler"i*dine (?) , n. (Chem.) A base, C10H19N , produced by heating valeric aldehyde with ammonia. It is probably related to the conine alkaloids.

Valerin <Xpage=1592>

Val"er*in (?) , n. [ Valer ic + glycer in .] (Chem.) A salt of valeric acid with glycerin, occurring in butter, dolphin oil., and forming an forming an oily liquid with a slightly unpleasant odor.

Valeritrine <Xpage=1592>

Va*ler"i*trine (?) , n. [ Valer ic + iro pine + -ine .] (Chem.) A base, C15H27N , produced together with valeridine, which it resembles.

Valero- <Xpage=1592>

Val"er*o- . (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively) indicating derivation from , or relation to , valerian or some of its products , as valeric acid; as in valero lactone, a colorless oily liquid produced as the anhydride of an hydroxy valeric acid.

Valerone <Xpage=1592>

Val"er*one (?) , n. (Chem.) A ketone of valeric acid obtained as an oily liquid.

Valeryl <Xpage=1592>

Val"er*yl (?) , n. [ Valeric + -yl .] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C5H9O , regarded as the essential nucleus of certain valeric acid derivatives.

Valerylene <Xpage=1592>

Val`er*yl*ene (?) , n. (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C5H8 ; -- called also pentine .

Valet <Xpage=1592>

Val"et (?; 277) , n. [F. valet , OF. vallet , varlet , vaslet . See Varlet , and Vassal .]

1. A male waiting servant; a servant who attends on gentleman's person; a body servant.

2. (Man.) A kind of goad or stick with a point of iron.

Valet de chambre (<?/) [F.] , a body servant, or personal attendant.

Valetudinarian <Xpage=1592>

Val`e*tu`di*na"ri*an (?) , a. [L. valetudinarius , from valetudo state of health, health, ill health, fr. valere to be strong or well: cf. F. val\'82tudinaire . See Valiant .] Of infirm health; seeking to recover health; sickly; weakly; infirm.

My feeble health and valetudinarian stomach. Coleridge.

The virtue which the world wants is a healthful virtue, not a valetudinarian virtue. Macaulay.

Valetudinarian <Xpage=1592>

Val`e*tu`di*na"ri*an , n. A person of a weak or sickly constitution; one who is seeking to recover health.

Valetudinarians must live where they can command and scold. Swift.

Valetudinarianism <Xpage=1592>

Val`e*tu`di*na"ri*an*ism (?) , n. The condition of a valetudinarian; a state of feeble health; infirmity.

Valetudinary <Xpage=1592>

Val`e*tu"di*na*ry (?) , a. Infirm; sickly; valetudinarian. -- Val`e*tu"di*na*ri*ness , n.

It renders the habit of society dangerously. Burke.

Valetudinary <Xpage=1592>

Val`e*tu"di*na*ry , n. A valetudinarian.

Valetudinous <Xpage=1592>

Val`e*tu"di*nous (?) , a. Valetudinarian. [Obs.] "The valetudinous condition of King Edward."

Fuller.

Valhalla <Xpage=1592>

Val*hal"la (?) , n. [Icel. valh\'94ll , literally, hall of the slain; valr the slain (akin to AS. w\'91l , OHG. wal battlefield, wuol defeat, slaughter, AS. w&omac;l pestilence) + h\'94ll a royal hall. See Hall , and cf. Walhalla .] [Written also walhalla .]

1. (Scand. Myth.) The palace of immortality, inhabited by the souls of heroes slain in battle.

2. Fig.: A hall or temple adorned with statues and memorials of a nation's heroes; specifically, the Pantheon near Ratisbon, in Bavaria, consecrated to the illustrious dead of all Germany.

Valiance, Valiancy <Xpage=1592>

Val"iance (?) , Val"ian*cy (?) , n. [Cf. F. vaillance . See Valiant .] The quality or state of being valiant; bravery; valor. [Obs.] "His doughty valiance ."

Spenser.

Valiant <Xpage=1592>

Val"iant (?) , a. [OE. valiant , F. vaillant , OF. vaillant , valant , originally p. pr. of OF. & F. valoir to be worth, L. valere to be strong. See Wield , and cf. Avail , Convalesce , Equivalent , Prevail , Valid .]

1. Vigorous in body; strong; powerful; as, a valiant fencer . [Obs.]

Walton.

2. Intrepid in danger; courageous; brave.

A valiant and most expert gentleman. Shak.

And Saul said to David . . . be thou valiant for me, and fight the Lord's battles. 1 Sam. xviii. 17.

3. Performed with valor or bravery; heroic. "Thou bearest the highest name for valiant acts."

Milton.

[The saints] have made such valiant confessions. J. H. Newman.

-- Val"iant*ly , adv. -- Val"iant*ness , n .

Valid <Xpage=1592>

Val"id (?) , a. [F. valide , F. validus strong, from valere to be strong. See Valiant .]

1. Strong; powerful; efficient. [Obs.] "Perhaps more valid arms . . . may serve to better us."

Milton.

2. Having sufficient strength or force; founded in truth; capable of being justified, defended, or supported; not weak or defective; sound; good; efficacious; as, a valid argument; a valid objection .

An answer that is open to no valid exception. I. Taylor.

3. (Law) Having legal strength or force; executed with the proper formalities; incapable of being rightfully overthrown or set aside; as, a valid deed; a valid covenant; a valid instrument of any kind; a valid claim or title; a valid marriage .

Syn. -- Prevalent; available; efficacious; just; good; weighty; sufficient; sound; well-grounded.

Validate <Xpage=1592>

Val"i*date (?) , v. t. [See Valid .] To confirm; to render valid; to give legal force to.

The chamber of deputies . . . refusing to validate at once the election of an official candidate. London Spectator.

Validation <Xpage=1592>

Val`i*da"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. validation .] The act of giving validity. [R.]

Knowles.

Validity <Xpage=1592>

Va*lid"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. validit\'82 , L. validitas strength.]

1. The quality or state of being valid; strength; force; especially, power to convince; justness; soundness; as, the validity of an argument or proof; the validity of an objection .

2. (Law) Legal strength, force, or authority; that quality of a thing which renders it supportable in law, or equity; as, the validity of a will; the validity of a contract, claim, or title .

3. Value. [Obs.] "Rich validity ."

Shak.

Validly <Xpage=1592>

Val"id*ly (?) , adv. In a valid manner; so as to be valid.

Validness <Xpage=1592>

Val"id*ness , n. The quality or state of being valid.

Valinch <Xpage=1592>

Val"inch (?) , n. [Cf. F. avaler to let down, drink up. Cf. Avalanche .] A tube for drawing liquors from a cask by the bunghole. [Written also velinche .]

Valise <Xpage=1592>

Va*lise" (?) , n. [F. valise ; cf. It. valigia , Sp. balija , LL. valisia , valesia ; of uncertain origin, perhaps through (assumed) LL. vidulitia , from L. vidulus a leathern trunk; a knapsack.] A small sack or case, usually of leather, but sometimes of other material, for containing the clothes, toilet articles, etc., of a traveler; a traveling bag; a portmanteau.

Valkyria <Xpage=1592>

Val*kyr"i*a (?) , n. [Icel. valkyrja (akin to AS. w\'91lcyrie ); valr the slain + kj&omac;sa to choose. See Valhalla , and Choose .] (Scand. Myth.) One of the maidens of Odin, represented as awful and beautiful, who presided over battle and marked out those who were to be slain, and who also ministered at the feasts of heroes in Valhalla. [Written also Valkyr , and Walkyr .] <-- usu. Valkyrie -->

Valkyrian <Xpage=1592>

Val*kyr"i*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the Valkyrias; hence, relating to battle. "Ourself have often tried Valkyrian hymns."

Tennyson.

Vallancy <Xpage=1592>

Val*lan"cy (?) , n. [From Valance .] A large wig that shades the face. [Obs.]

Vallar <Xpage=1592>

Val"lar (?) , a. [L. vallaris .] Of or pertaining to a rampart.

Vallar crown (Rom. Antiq.) , a circular gold crown with palisades, bestowed upon the soldier who first surmounted the rampart and broke into the enemy's camp.

Vallar <Xpage=1592>

Val"lar , n. A vallar crown.

Vallary <Xpage=1592>

Val"la*ry (?) , a. Same as Vallar .

Vallation <Xpage=1592>

Val*la"tion (?) , n. [L. vallatio , fr. vallare to surround with a rampart, fr. vallum rampart. See Wall , n .] A rampart or intrenchment.

Vallatory <Xpage=1592>

Val"la*to*ry (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a vallation; used for a vallation; as, vallatory reads . [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Vallecula <Xpage=1592>

Val*lec"u*la (?) , n. ; pl. Vallecul\'91 (#) . [NL., dim. fr. L. vallis , valles , a valley.]

1. (Anat.) A groove; a fossa; as, the vallecula , or fossa, which separates the hemispheres of the cerebellum .

2. (Bot.) One of the grooves, or hollows, between the ribs of the fruit of umbelliferous plants.

Vallet's pills <Xpage=1592>

Val`let's pills" (?) . [From Dr. Vallet of Paris.] (Med.) Pills containing sulphate of iron and carbonate of sodium, mixed with saccharine matter; -- called also Vallet's mass .

Valley <Xpage=1592>

Val"ley (?) , n. ; pl. Valleys (#) . [OE. vale , valeie , OF. val\'82e , valede , F. vall\'82e , LL. vallata , L. vallis , valles . See Vale .]

1. The space inclosed between ranges of hills or mountains; the strip of land at the bottom of the depressions intersecting a country, including usually the bed of a stream, with frequently broad alluvial plains on one or both sides of the stream. Also used figuratively.

The valley of the shadow of death. Ps. xxiii. 4.

Sweet interchange Of hill and valley , rivers, woods, and plains. Milton.

&hand; Deep and narrow valleys with abrupt sides are usually the results of erosion by water, and are called gorges , ravines , ca\'a4ons , gulches , etc.

2. (Arch.) (a) The place of meeting of two slopes of a roof, which have their plates running in different directions, and form on the plan a re\'89ntrant angle. (b) The depression formed by the meeting of two slopes on a flat roof.

Valley board (Arch.) , a board for the reception of the lead gutter in the valley of a roof. The valley board and lead gutter are not usual in the United States. -- Valley rafter , &or; Valley piece (Arch.) , the rafter which supports the valley. -- Valley roof (Arch.) , a roof having one or more valleys. See Valley , 2, above.

Vallum <Xpage=1592>

Val"lum (?) , n. ; pl. L. Valla (#) , E. Vallums (#) . [L. See Wall .] (Rom. Antiq.) A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification.

Valonia <Xpage=1592>

Va*lo"ni*a (?) , n. [It. vallonia , vallonea , fr. NGr. balania` , balanidia` , the holm oak, bala`ni , balani`di , an acorn, Gr. ba`lanos .]

1. The acorn cup of two kinds of oak ( Quercus macrolepis , and Q. vallonea ) found in Eastern Europe. It contains abundance of tannin, and is much used by tanners and dyers. <-- ##sic. better "an abundance"? -->

2. [Perhaps named from its resemblance to an acorn.] (Bot.) A genus of marine green alg\'91, in which the whole frond consists of a single oval or cylindrical cell, often an inch in length.

Valor <Xpage=1592>

Val"or (?) , n. [OE. valour , OF. valor , valur , valour , F. valeur , LL. valor , fr. L. valere to be strong, or worth. See Valiant .] [Written also valour .]

1. Value; worth. [Obs.] "The valor of a penny."

Sir T. More.

2. Strength of mind in regard to danger; that quality which enables a man to encounter danger with firmness; personal bravery; courage; prowess; intrepidity.

For contemplation he and valor formed. Milton.

When valor preys on reason, It eats the sword it fights with. Shak.

Fear to do base, unworthy things is valor . B. Jonson.

3. A brave man; a man of valor. [R.]

Ld. Lytton.

Syn. -- Courage; heroism; bravery; gallantry; boldness; fearlessness. See Courage , and Heroism .

Valorous <Xpage=1592>

Val"or*ous (?) , a. [Cf. F. valeureux , LL. valorosus .] Possessing or exhibiting valor; brave; courageous; valiant; intrepid. -- Val"or*ous*ly , adv.

Valsalvian <Xpage=1592>

Val*sal"vi*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Valsalva , an Italian anatomist of the 17th century.

Valsalvian experiment (Med.) , the process of inflating the middle ear by closing the mouth and nostrils, and blowing so as to puff out the cheeks.

Valuable <Xpage=1592>

Val"u*a*ble (?) , a. 1. Having value or worth; possessing qualities which are useful and esteemed; precious; costly; as, a valuable horse; valuable land; a valuable cargo.

2. Worthy; estimable; deserving esteem; as, a valuable friend; a valuable companion.

Valuable consideration (Law) , an equivalent or compensation having value given for a thing purchased, as money, marriage, services, etc.

Blackstone. Bouvier.

Valuable <Xpage=1592>

Val"u*a*ble , n. A precious possession; a thing of value, especially a small thing, as an article of jewelry; -- used mostly in the plural.

The food and valuables they offer to the gods. Tylor.

Valuableness <Xpage=1592>

Val"u*a*ble*ness , n. The quality of being valuable.

Valuably <Xpage=1592>

Val"u*a*bly , adv. So as to be of value.

Valuation <Xpage=1592>

Val`u*a"tion (?) , n. 1. The act of valuing, or of estimating value or worth; the act of setting a price; estimation; appraisement; as, a valuation of lands for the purpose of taxation .

2. Value set upon a thing; estimated value or worth; as, the goods sold for more than their valuation .

Since of your lives you set So slight a valuation . Shak.

Valuator <Xpage=1592>

Val"u*a`tor (?) , n. One who assesses, or sets a value on, anything; an appraiser.

Swift.

Value <Xpage=1592>

Val"ue (?) , n. [OF. value , fr. valoir , p. p. valu , to be worth, fr. L. valere to be strong, to be worth. See Valiant .] 1. The property or aggregate properties of a thing by which it is rendered useful or desirable, or the degree of such property or sum of properties; worth; excellence; utility; importance.

<page="1593"> Page 1593

Ye are all physicians of no value . Job xiii. 4.

Ye are of more value than many sparrows. Matt. x. 31.

C\'91sar is well acquainted with your virtue, And therefore sets this value on your life. Addison.

Before events shall have decided on the value of the measures. Marshall.

2. (Trade & Polit. Econ.) Worth estimated by any standard of purchasing power, especially by the market price, or the amount of money agreed upon as an equivalent to the utility and cost of anything.

An article may be possessed of the highest degree of utility, or power to minister to our wants and enjoyments, and may be universally made use of, without possessing exchangeable value . M'Culloch.

Value is the power to command commodities generally. A. L. Chapin (Johnson's Cys.).

Value is the generic term which expresses power in exchange. F. A. Walker.