Chapter 1816

U"re*a (?) , a. [NL. See Urine .] (Physiol. Chem.) A very soluble crystalline body which is the chief constituent of the urine in mammals and some other animals. It is also present in small quantity in blood, serous fluids, lymph, the liver, etc.

&hand; It is the main product of the regressive metamorphosis (katabolism) of proteid matter in the body, and is excreted daily to the amount of about 500 grains by a man of average weight. Chemically it is carbamide, CO(NH2)2 , and when heated with strong acids or alkalies is decomposed into carbonic acid and ammonia. It unites with acids to form salts, as nitrate of urea, and it can be made synthetically from ammonium cyanate, with which it is isomeric.

Urea ferment , a soluble ferment formed by certain bacteria, which, however, yield the ferment from the body of their cells only after they have been killed by alcohol. It causes urea to take up water and decompose into carbonic acid and ammonia. Many different bacteria possess this property, especially Bacterium ure\'91 and Micrococcus ure\'91 , which are found abundantly in urines undergoing alkaline fermentation. <-- = urease -->

Ureal <Xpage=1586>

U"re*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to urea; containing, or consisting of, urea; as, ureal deposits .

Ureameter <Xpage=1586>

U`re*am"e*ter (?) , n. [ Urea + -meter .] (Physiol. Chem.) An apparatus for the determination of the amount of urea in urine, in which the nitrogen evolved by the action of certain reagents, on a given volume of urine, is collected and measured, and the urea calculated accordingly.

Urechitin <Xpage=1586>

U`re*chi"tin (?) , n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from the leaves of a certain plant ( Urechitis suberecta ) as a bitter white crystalline substance.

Urechitoxin <Xpage=1586>

U`re*chi*tox"in (?) , n. [ Urechit in + tox ic + -in .] (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found accompanying urechitin, and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance.

Uredo <Xpage=1586>

U*re"do (?) , n. [L., a blast, blight, a burning itch, fr. urere to burn, to scorch.]

1. (Bot.) One of the stages in the life history of certain rusts ( Uredinales ), regarded at one time as a distinct genus. It is a summer stage preceding the teleutospore, or winter stage. See Uredinales , in the Supplement.

2. (Med.) Nettle rash. See Urticaria .

Uredospore <Xpage=1586>

U*re"do*spore (?) , n. (Bot.) The thin-walled summer spore which is produced during the so-called Uredo stage of certain rusts. See (in the Supplement) Uredinales , Heter&oe;cious , etc.

Ureide <Xpage=1586>

U"re*ide (?) , n. (Chem.) Any one of the many complex derivatives of urea; thus, hydantoin, and, in an extended dense, guanidine, caffeine, et., are ureides. [Written also ureid .]

-uret <Xpage=1586>

-u*ret (?) . A suffix with the same meaning as -ide . See -ide . [Obs.]

Ureter <Xpage=1586>

U*re"ter (?; 277) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/. See Urine .] (Anat.) The duct which conveys the urine from the kidney to the bladder or cloaca. There are two ureters, one for each kidney.

Ureteritis <Xpage=1586>

U*re`ter*i"tis (?) , n. [NL. See Ureter , and -itis .] (Med.) Inflammation of the ureter.

Dunglison.

Urethane <Xpage=1586>

U*reth"ane (?) , n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, NH2.CO.OC2H5 , produced by the action of ammonia on ethyl carbonate. It is used somewhat in medicine as a hypnotic. By extension, any one of the series of related substances of which urethane proper is the type.

Urethra <Xpage=1586>

U*re"thra (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/. See Urine .] (Anat.) The canal by which the urine is conducted from the bladder and discharged.

Urethral <Xpage=1586>

U*re"thral (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the urethra.

Urethral fever (Med.) , fever occurring as a consequence of operations upon the urethra.

Urethritis <Xpage=1586>

U`re*thri"tis (?) , n. [NL. See Urethra , and -itis .] (Med.) Inflammation of the urethra.

Urethroplasty <Xpage=1586>

U*re"thro*plas`ty (?) , n. [ Urethra + -plasty .] (Surg.) An operation for the repair of an injury or a defect in the walls of the urethra. -- U*re`thro*plas"tic (#) , a.

Urethroscope <Xpage=1586>

U*re"thro*scope (?) , n. [ Urethra + -scope .] (Med.) An instrument for viewing the interior of the urethra.

Urethroscopy <Xpage=1586>

U`re*thros"co*py (?) , n. (Med.) Examination of the urethra by means of the urethroscope.

Urethrotome <Xpage=1586>

U*re"thro*tome (?) , n. [ Urethra + Gr. <?/ to cut.] An instrument for cutting a urethral stricture.

Urethrotomy <Xpage=1586>

U`re*throt"o*my (?) , n. [ Urethra + Gr. <?/ to cut.] (Surg.) An incision of the urethra, esp. incision for relief of urethral stricture.

Uretic <Xpage=1586>

U*ret"ic (?) , a. [L. ureticus , Gr. <?/. See Urine .] (Med.) Of or pertaining to the urine; diuretic; urinary; as, uretic medicine .

Urge <Xpage=1586>

Urge (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Urged (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Urging (?) .] [L. urgere ; akin to E. wreak . See Wreak , v. t. ]

1. To press; to push; to drive; to impel; to force onward.

Through the thick deserts headlong urged his flight. Pope.

2. To press the mind or will of; to ply with motives, arguments, persuasion, or importunity.

My brother never Did urge me in his act; I did inquire it. Shak.

3. To provoke; to exasperate. [R.]

Urge not my father's anger. Shak.

4. To press hard upon; to follow closely

Heir urges heir, like wave impelling wave. Pope.

5. To present in an urgent manner; to press upon attention; to insist upon; as, to urge an argument; to urge the necessity of a case.

6. To treat with forcible means; to take severe or violent measures with; as, to urge an ore with intense heat .

Syn. -- To animate; incite; impel; instigate; stimulate; encourage.

Urge <Xpage=1586>

Urge (?) , v. i. 1. To press onward or forward. [R.]

2. To be pressing in argument; to insist; to persist.

Urgence <Xpage=1586>

Ur"gence (?) , n. Urgency. [Obs.]

Urgency <Xpage=1586>

Ur"gen*cy (?) , n. [Cf. F. urgence .] The quality or condition of being urgent; insistence; pressure; as, the urgency of a demand or an occasion .

Urgent <Xpage=1586>

Ur"gent (?) , a. [L. urgens , p. pr. of urgere : cf. F. urgent . See Urge .] Urging; pressing; besetting; plying, with importunity; calling for immediate attention; instantly important. "The urgent hour."

Shak.

Some urgent cause to ordain the contrary. Hooker.

The Egyptians were urgent upon the people that they might send them out of the land in haste. Ex. xii. 33.

Urgently <Xpage=1586>

Ur"gent*ly , adv. In an urgent manner.

Urger <Xpage=1586>

Ur"ger (?) , n. One who urges.

Beau. & Fl.

Uric <Xpage=1586>

U"ric (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ urine: cf. F. urique . See Urine .] (Physiol. Chem.) Of or pertaining to urine; obtained from urine; as, uric acid .

Uric acid , a crystalline body, present in small quantity in the urine of man and most mammals. Combined in the form of urate of ammonia, it is the chief constituent of the urine of birds and reptiles, forming the white part. Traces of it are also found in the various organs of the body. It is likewise a common constituent, either as the free acid or as a urate, of urinary or renal calculi and of the so-called gouty concretions. From acid urines, uric acid is frequently deposited, on standing in a cool place, in the form of a reddish yellow sediment, nearly always crystalline. Chemically, it is composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, C5H4N4O3 , and by decomposition yields urea, among other products. It can be made synthetically by heating together urea and glycocoll. It was formerly called also lithic acid , in allusion to its occurrence in stone, or calculus.

Urim <Xpage=1586>

U"rim (?) , n. [Heb. <?/r\'c6m , pl. of <?/r , fire <?/r light.] A part or decoration of the breastplate of the high priest among the ancient Jews, by which Jehovah revealed his will on certain occasions. Its nature has been the subject of conflicting conjectures.

Thou shall put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim. Ex. xxviii. 30.

And when Saul inquired of the Lord, the Lord answered him not, neither by dreams, nor by Urim , nor by prophets. 1 Sam. xxviii. 6.

&hand; Professor Plumptre supposes the Urim to have been a clear and colorless stone set in the breastplate of the high priest as a symbol of light, answering to the mystic scarab in the pectoral plate of the ancient Egyptian priests, and that the Thummim was an image corresponding to that worn by the priestly judges of Egypt as a symbol of truth and purity of motive. By gazing steadfastly on these, he may have been thrown into a mysterious, half ecstatic state, akin to hypnotism, in which he lost all personal consciousness, and received a spiritual illumination and insight.

Urinal <Xpage=1586>

U"ri*nal (?) , n. [L. urinal , fr. urina urine: cf. F. urinal .]

1. A vessel for holding urine; especially, a bottle or tube for holding urine for inspection.

2. A place or convenience for urinating purposes.

Urinarium <Xpage=1586>

U`ri*na"ri*um (?) , n. [LL. urinarium .] (Agric.) A reservoir for urine, etc., for manure.

Urinary <Xpage=1586>

U"ri*na*ry (?) , a. [L. urina urine: cf. F. urinaire .]

1. Of or pertaining to the urine; as, the urinary bladder; urinary excretions .

2. Resembling, or being of the nature of, urine.

Urinary calculus (Med.) , a concretion composed of some one or more crystalline constituents of the urine, liable to be found in any portion of the urinary passages or in the pelvis of the kidney. -- Urinary pigments , (Physiol. Chem.) , certain colored substances, urochrome , or urobilin , uroerythrin , etc., present in the urine together with indican , a colorless substance which by oxidation is convertible into colored bodies. <-- urinary tract -->

Urinary <Xpage=1586>

U"ri*na*ry , n. A urinarium; also, a urinal.

Urinate <Xpage=1586>

U"ri*nate (?) , v. i. [LL. urinare .] To discharge urine; to make water.

Urination <Xpage=1586>

U`ri*na"tion (?) , n. The act or process of voiding urine; micturition.

Urinative <Xpage=1586>

U"ri*na*tive (?) , a. Provoking the flow of urine; uretic; diuretic. [R.]

Bacon.

Urinator <Xpage=1586>

U"ri*na`tor (?) , n. [L., from urinari to plunge under water, to dive.] One who dives under water in search of something, as for pearls; a diver. [R.]

Ray.

Urine <Xpage=1586>

U"rine (?) , n. [F. urine , L. urina ; akin to urinari to plunge under water, to dive, Gr. <?/ urine; cf. Skr. v\'ber water, Icel. <?/r drizzling rain, AS. w\'91r the sea.] (Physiol.) In mammals, a fluid excretion from the kidneys; in birds and reptiles, a solid or semisolid excretion.

&hand; In man, the urine is a clear, transparent fluid of an amber color and peculiar odor, with an average density of 1.02. The average amount excreted in 24 hours is from 40 to 60 ounces (about 1,200 cubic centimeters). Chemically, the urine is mainly an aqueous solution of urea, salt (sodium chloride), and uric acid, together with some hippuric acid and peculiar pigments. It usually has an acid reaction, owing to the presence of acid phosphates of soda or free uric acid. Normally, it contains about 960 parts of water to 40 parts of solid matter, and the daily average excretion is 35 grams (540 grains) of urea, 0.75 gram (11 grains) of uric acid, and 16.5 grams (260 grains) of salt. Abnormally, it may contain sugar as in diabetes, albumen as in Bright's disease, bile pigments as in jaundice, or abnormal quantities of some one or more of the normal constituents.

Urine <Xpage=1586>

U"rine , v. i. To urinate. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Uriniferous <Xpage=1586>

U`ri*nif"er*ous (?) , a. [ Urine + -ferous .] Bearing or conveying urine; as, uriniferous tubules .

Uriniparous <Xpage=1586>

U`ri*nip"a*rous (?) , a. [ Urine + L. parere to produce: cf. F. urinipare .] (Physiol.) Producing or preparing urine; as, the uriniparous tubes in the cortical portion of the kidney .

Urinogenital <Xpage=1586>

U`ri*no*gen"i*tal (?) , a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the urinary and genital organs; genitourinary; urogenital; as, the urinogenital canal .

Urinometer <Xpage=1586>

U`ri*nom"e*ter (?) , n. [ Urine + -meter .] A small hydrometer for determining the specific gravity of urine.

Urinometry <Xpage=1586>

U`ri*nom"e*try (?) , n. The estimation of the specific gravity of urine by the urinometer.

<page="1587"> Page 1587

Urinose, Urinous <Xpage=1587>

U"ri*nose (?) , U"ri*nous (?) , a. [Cf. F. urineux . See Urine .] Of or pertaining to urine, or partaking of its qualities; having the character or odor of urine; similar to urine.

Arbuthnot.

Urite <Xpage=1587>

U"rite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ tail.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the segments of the abdomen or post-abdomen of arthropods.

Urith <Xpage=1587>

U"rith (?) , n. The bindings of a hedge. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Halliwell.

Urn <Xpage=1587>

Urn (?) , n. [OE. urne , L. urna ; perhaps fr. urere to burn, and sop called as being made of burnt clay (cf. East ): cf. F. urne .]

1. A vessel of various forms, usually a vase furnished with a foot or pedestal, employed for different purposes, as for holding liquids, for ornamental uses, for preserving the ashes of the dead after cremation, and anciently for holding lots to be drawn.

A rustic, digging in the ground by Padua, found an urn , or earthen pot, in which there was another urn . Bp. Wilkins.

His scattered limbs with my dead body burn, And once more join us in the pious urn . Dryden.

2. Fig.: Any place of burial; the grave.

Or lay these bones in an unworthy urn , Tombless, with no remembrance over them. Shak.

3. (Rom. Antiq.) A measure of capacity for liquids, containing about three gallons and a haft, wine measure. It was haft the amphora, and four times the congius.

4. (Bot.) A hollow body shaped like an urn, in which the spores of mosses are contained; a spore case; a theca.

5. A tea urn. See under Tea .

Urn mosses (Bot.) , the order of true mosses; -- so called because the capsules of many kinds are urn-shaped.

Urn <Xpage=1587>

Urn , v. t. To inclose in, or as in, an urn; to inurn.

When horror universal shall descend, And heaven's dark concave urn all human race. Young.

Urnal <Xpage=1587>

Urn"al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to an urn; effected by an urn or urns. " Urnal interments."

Sir T. Browne.

Urnful <Xpage=1587>

Urn"ful (?) , n. ; pl. Urnfuls (<?/) . As much as an urn will hold; enough to fill an urn.

Urn-shaped <Xpage=1587>

Urn"-shaped` (?) , a. Having the shape of an urn; as, the urn-shaped capsules of some mosses .

Uro- <Xpage=1587>

U"ro- (?) . A combining form fr. Gr. o'y^ron , urine .

Uro- <Xpage=1587>

U"ro- . A combining form from Gr. o'yra` , the tail , the caudal extremity .

Urobilin <Xpage=1587>

U`ro*bi"lin (?) , n. [1st uro- + bile + -in .] (Physiol. Chem.) A yellow pigment identical with hydrobilirubin, abundant in the highly colored urine of fever, and also present in normal urine. See Urochrome .

Urocele <Xpage=1587>

U"ro*cele (?) , n. [1st uro + Gr. <?/ tumor.] (Med.) A morbid swelling of the scrotum due to extravasation of urine into it.

Urocerata <Xpage=1587>

U`ro*cer"a*ta (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ tail + <?/, <?/, horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of boring Hymenoptera, including Tremex and allied genera. See Illust . of Horntail .

Urochord <Xpage=1587>

U"ro*chord (?) , n. [2d uro- + chord .] (Zo\'94l.) The central axis or cord in the tail of larval ascidians and of certain adult tunicates. [Written also urocord .]

Urochorda <Xpage=1587>

U`ro*chor"da (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Urochord .] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Tunicata .

Urochordal <Xpage=1587>

U`ro*chor"dal (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Urochorda.

Urochrome <Xpage=1587>

U"ro*chrome (?) , n. [1st uro- + Gr. <?/ color.] (Physiol. Chem.) A yellow urinary pigment, considered by Thudichum as the only pigment present in normal urine. It is regarded by Maly as identical with urobilin .

Urochs <Xpage=1587>

U"rochs (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Aurochs .

Urocord <Xpage=1587>

U"ro*cord (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Urochord .

Urocyst <Xpage=1587>

U"ro*cyst (?) , n. [1st uro- + cyst .] (Anat.) The urinary bladder.

Urodela <Xpage=1587>

U`ro*de"la (?) , n. pl. [NL.; Gr. <?/ tail + <?/ visible.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of amphibians having the tail well developed and often long. It comprises the salamanders, tritons, and allied animals.

Urodele <Xpage=1587>

U"ro*dele (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Urodela.

Urodelian <Xpage=1587>

U`ro*de"li*an (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Urodela. -- n. One of the Urodela.

Uroerythrin <Xpage=1587>

U`ro*e*ryth"rin (?) , n. [See 1st Uro- , and Erythrin .] (Physiol. Chem.) A reddish urinary pigment, considered as the substance which gives to the urine of rheumatism its characteristic color. It also causes the red color often seen in deposits of urates.

Urogastric <Xpage=1587>

U`ro*gas"tric (?) , a. [2d uro- + gastric .] (Zo\'94l.) Behind the stomach; -- said of two lobes of the carapace of certain crustaceans.

Urogenital <Xpage=1587>

U`ro*gen"i*tal (?) , a. [1st uro- + genital .] (Anat.) Same as Urinogenital .

Uroglaucin <Xpage=1587>