Chapter 1783

Tur"pen*tine , n. [F. t\'82r\'82bentine , OF. also turbentine ; cf. Pr. terebentina , terbentina , It. terebentina , trementina ; fr. L. terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine tree. Gr. <?/, <?/. See Terebinth .] A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree ( Pistacia Terebinthus ), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir.

&hand; There are many varieties of turpentine . Chian turpentine is produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree ( Pistacia Terebinthus ). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from Larix Europ\'91a . It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines (see under Balsam ). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived from Pinus Cembra and Pinus Mugho . Carolina turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine ( Pinus palustris ). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir ( Abies pectinata ).

Oil of turpentine (Chem.) , a colorless oily hydrocarbon, C10H16 , of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also terebenthene , terpene , etc. -- Turpentine moth (Zo\'94l.) , any one of several species of small tortricid moths whose larv\'91 eat the tender shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin. -- Turpentine tree (Bot.) , the terebinth tree, the original source of turpentine. See Turpentine , above.

Turpeth <Xpage=1554>

Tur"peth (?) , n. [NL. turpethum , fr. Per. tirbid a cathartic, turbad a purgative root. Cf. Turbith .] [Written also turbeth , and turbith .] 1. (Bot.) The root of Ipom&oe;a Turpethum , a plant of Ceylon, Malabar, and Australia, formerly used in medicine as a purgative; -- sometimes called vegetable turpeth .

2. (Chem.) A heavy yellow powder, Hg3O2SO4 , which consists of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- called also turpeth mineral .

Turpin <Xpage=1554>

Tur"pin (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A land tortoise. [Obs.]

Turpitude <Xpage=1554>

Tur"pi*tude (?) , n. [L. turpitudo , from turpis foul, base.] Inherent baseness or vileness of principle, words, or actions; shameful wickedness; depravity.

Shak.

Turquoise, Turquois <Xpage=1554>

Tur*quoise" , Tur*quois" (?; 277) , n. [F. turquoise ; cf. Pr. & Sp. turquesa , It. turchese , turchina , LL. turchesius , turchina ; -- so called because first brought from Turkey . See 1st Turkey .] (Min.) A hydrous phosphate of alumina containing a little copper; calaite. It has a blue, or bluish green, color, and usually occurs in reniform masses with a botryoidal surface. [Formerly written also turcois , and turkois .]

&hand; Turquoise is susceptible of a high polish, and when of a bright blue color is much esteemed as a gem. The finest specimens come from Persia. It is also found in New Mexico and Arizona, and is regarded as identical with the chalchihuitl of the Mexicans.

Turquoise <Xpage=1554>

Tur*quoise" , a. Having a fine light blue color, like that of choice mineral turquoise.

Turrel <Xpage=1554>

Tur"rel (?) , n. [Cf. OF. touroul a little wooden instrument to fasten doors or windows.] A certain tool used by coopers.

Sherwood.

Turret <Xpage=1554>

Tur"ret (?) , n. [OE. touret , OF. tourette , dim. of tour a tower, L. turris . See Tower .]

1. (Arch.) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the angles of a larger structure.

2. (Anc. Mil.) A movable building, of a square form, consisting of ten or even twenty stories and sometimes one hundred and twenty cubits high, usually moved on wheels, and employed in approaching a fortified place, for carrying soldiers, engines, ladders, casting bridges, and other necessaries.

3. (Mil.) A revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates, within which cannon are mounted. Turrets are used on vessels of war and on land.

4. (Railroads) The elevated central portion of the roof of a passenger car. Its sides are pierced for light and ventilation.

Turret clock , a large clock adapted for an elevated position, as in the tower of a church. -- Turret head (Mach.) , a vertical cylindrical revolving tool holder for bringing different tools into action successively in a machine, as in a lathe. -- Turret lathe , a turning lathe having a turret head. -- Turret ship , an ironclad war vessel, with low sides, on which heavy guns are mounted within one or more iron turrets, which may be rotated, so that the guns may be made to bear in any required direction.

Turreted <Xpage=1554>

Tur"ret*ed , a. 1. Furnished with a turret or turrets; specifically (Zo\'94l.) , having the whorls somewhat flattened on the upper side and often ornamented by spines or tubercles; -- said of certain spiral shells.

2. Formed like a tower; as, a turreted lamp .

Bacon.

Turribant <Xpage=1554>

Tur"ri*bant (?) , n. [See Turban .] A turban. [Obs.]

With hundred turrets like a turribant . Spenser.

Turrical <Xpage=1554>

Tur"ric*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a turret, or tower; resembling a tower.

Turriculate, Turriculated <Xpage=1554>

Tur*ric"u*late (?) , Tur*ric"u*la`ted (?) , a. [L. turricula small tower, turret.] Furnished with, or formed like, a small turret or turrets; somewhat turreted.

Turrilite <Xpage=1554>

Tur"ri*lite (?) , n. [L. turris tower + Gr. <?/ stone: cf. F. turrilite .] (Paleon.) Any fossil ammonite of the genus Turrilites . The shell forms an open spiral with the later whorls separate.

Turritella <Xpage=1554>

Tur`ri*tel"la (?) , n. [NL., dim fr. L. turris tower.] (Zo\'94l.) Any spiral marine gastropod belonging to Turritella and allied genera. These mollusks have an elongated, turreted shell, composed of many whorls. They have a rounded aperture, and a horny multispiral operculum.

Turritelloid <Xpage=1554>

Tur`ri*tel"loid (?) , a. [ Turritella + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the turritellas.

Turtle <Xpage=1554>

Tur"tle (?) , n. [AS. turtle , L. turtur ; probably of imitative origin. Cf. Turtle the sea tortoise.] (Zo\'94l.) The turtledove.

Turtle <Xpage=1554>

Tur"tle , n. [Probably the same word as the word preceding, and substituted (probably by sailors) for the Spanish or Portuguese name; cf. Sp. tortuga tortoise, turtle, Pg. tartaruga , also F. tortue , and E. tortoise .]

<page="1555"> Page 1555

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of the numerous species of Testudinata, especially a sea turtle, or chelonian.

&hand; In the United States the land and fresh-water tortoises are also called turtles.

2. (Printing) The curved plate in which the form is held in a type-revolving cylinder press.

Alligator turtle , Box turtle , etc. See under Alligator , Box , etc. -- green turtle (Zo\'94l.) , a marine turtle of the genus Chelonia , having usually a smooth greenish or olive-colored shell. It is highly valued for the delicacy of its flesh, which is used especially for turtle soup. Two distinct species or varieties are known; one of which ( Chelonia Midas ) inhabits the warm part of the Atlantic Ocean, and sometimes weighs eight hundred pounds or more; the other ( C. virgata ) inhabits the Pacific Ocean. Both species are similar in habits and feed principally on seaweed and other marine plants, especially the turtle grass. -- Turtle cowrie (Zo\'94l.) , a large, handsome cowrie ( Cypr\'91a testudinaria ); the turtle-shell; so called because of its fancied resemblance to a tortoise in color and form. -- Turtle grass (Bot.) , a marine plant ( Thalassia testudinum ) with grasslike leaves, common about the West Indies. -- Turtle shell , tortoise shell. See under Tortoise .

Turtledove <Xpage=1555>

Tur"tle*dove` (?) , n. [See 1ts Turtle .]

1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of pigeons belonging to Turtur and allied genera, native of various parts of the Old World; especially, the common European species ( Turtur vulgaris ), which is noted for its plaintive note, affectionate disposition, and devotion to its mate.

&hand; The South African turtledove ( T. albiventris ), and the ashy turtledove of India ( T. rubicolus ), are similar to the European species in their habits.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of pigeons more or less resembling the true turtledoves, as the American mourning dove (see under Dove ), and the Australian turtledove ( Stictopelia cuneata ).

&hand; The turtledove of the Scriptures is probably Turtur risorius , a species which is still plentiful in Egypt and other Eastern countries. It is closely allied to the European turtledove.

Turtle-footed <Xpage=1555>

Tur"tle-foot`ed (?) , a. Slow-footed. [R.] " Turtle-footed Peace."

Ford.

Turtlehead <Xpage=1555>

Tur"tle*head` (?) , n. (Bot.) An American perennial herb ( Chelone glabra ) having white flowers shaped like the head of a turtle. Called also snakehead , shell flower , and balmony .

Turtler <Xpage=1555>

Tur"tler (?) , n. One who catches turtles or tortoises. "The Jamaica turtlers ."

Dampier.

Turtle-shell <Xpage=1555>

Tur"tle-shell` (?) , n. The turtle cowrie.

Turtling <Xpage=1555>

Tur"tling (?) , n. The act, practice, or art of catching turtles.

Marryat.

Turves <Xpage=1555>

Turves (?) , obs. pl. of Turf .

Tuscan <Xpage=1555>

Tus"can (?) , a. [L. Tyscanus , Tuscus .] Of or pertaining to Tuscany in Italy; -- specifically designating one of the five orders of architecture recognized and described by the Italian writers of the 16th century, or characteristic of the order. The original of this order was not used by the Greeks, but by the Romans under the Empire. See Order , and Illust . of Capital .

Tuscan <Xpage=1555>

Tus"can , n. A native or inhabitant of Tuscany.

Tuscaroras <Xpage=1555>

Tus`ca*ro"ras (?) , n. pl. ; sing. Tuscarora (<?/) . (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians formerly living on the Neuse and Tar rivers in North Carolina. They were conquered in 1713, after which the remnant of the tribe joined the Five Nations, thus forming the Six Nations. See Six Nations , under Six .

Tuscor <Xpage=1555>

Tus"cor (?) , n. [See Tusk .] A tush of a horse.

Tush <Xpage=1555>

Tush (?) , interj. An exclamation indicating check, rebuke, or contempt; as, tush , tush ! do not speak of it .

Tush , say they, how should God perceive it? Bk. of Com. Prayer (Ps. lxxiii. 11).

Tush <Xpage=1555>

Tush , n. [OE. tusch , AS. tusc ; akin to OFries. tusk , tusch , and probably to AS. t&omac;&edh; tooth. See Tooth , and cf. Tusk .] A long, pointed tooth; a tusk; -- applied especially to certain teeth of horses.

Tusk <Xpage=1555>

Tusk (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Torsk .

Tusk <Xpage=1555>

Tusk , n. [OE. tusk , the same word as tusch , AS. tusc . See Tush a tooth.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) One of the elongated incisor or canine teeth of the wild boar, elephant, etc.; hence, any long, protruding tooth.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A toothshell, or Dentalium; -- called also tusk-shell .

3. (Carp.) A projecting member like a tenon, and serving the same or a similar purpose, but composed of several steps, or offsets. Thus, in the illustration, a is the tusk , and each of the several parts, or offsets, is called a tooth .

Tusk <Xpage=1555>

Tusk (?) , v. i. To bare or gnash the teeth. [Obs.]

Tusked <Xpage=1555>

Tusked (?) , a. Furnished with tusks.

The tusked boar out of the wood. Milton.

Tusker <Xpage=1555>

Tusk"er (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) An elephant having large tusks.

Tusk-shell <Xpage=1555>

Tusk"-shell` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See 2d Tusk , n. , 2.

Tusky <Xpage=1555>

Tusk"y (?) , a. Having tusks. "The scar indented by the tusky oar."

Dryden.

Tussac grass <Xpage=1555>

Tus"sac grass` (?) . Tussock grass.

Tussah silk <Xpage=1555>

Tus"sah silk` (?) . [Probably fr. Hind. tasar a shuttle, Skr. tasara , trasara .] (a) A silk cloth made from the cocoons of a caterpillar other than the common silkworm, much used in Bengal and China. (b) The silk fiber itself. [Written also tusseh silk .]

Tussicular <Xpage=1555>

Tus*sic"u*lar (?) , a. [L. tussicularis , fr. tussicula , dim. of tussis a cough.] Of or pertaining to a cough.

Dunglison.

Tussle <Xpage=1555>

Tus"sle (?) , v. i. & t. [See Tousle .] To struggle, as in sport; to scuffle; to struggle with. [Colloq.]

Tussle <Xpage=1555>

Tus"sle , n. A struggle; a scuffle. [Colloq.]

Tussock <Xpage=1555>

Tus"sock (?) , n. [From Tuz .] [Written also tussuck .] 1. A tuft, as of grass, twigs, hair, or the like; especially, a dense tuft or bunch of grass or sedge.

Such laying of the hair in tussocks and tufts. Latimer.

2. (Bot.) Same as Tussock grass , below.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A caterpillar of any one of numerous species of bombycid moths. The body of these caterpillars is covered with hairs which form long tufts or brushes. Some species are very injurious to shade and fruit trees. Called also tussock caterpillar . See Orgyia .

Tussock grass . (Bot.) (a) A tall, strong grass of the genus Dactylis ( D. c\'91spitosa ), valuable for fodder, introduced into Scotland from the Falkland Islands. (b) A tufted grass ( Aira c\'91spitosa ). (c) Any kind of sedge ( Carex ) which forms dense tufts in a wet meadow or boggy place. -- Tussock moth (Zo\'94l.) , the imago of any tussock caterpillar. They belong to Orgyia , Halecidota , and allied genera.

Tussocky <Xpage=1555>

Tus"sock*y (?) , a. Having the form of tussocks; full of, or covered with, tussocks, or tufts.

Tussuck <Xpage=1555>

Tus"suck (?) , n. See Tussock .

Grew.

Tut <Xpage=1555>

Tut (?) . Be still; hush; -- an exclamation used for checking or rebuking.

Tut <Xpage=1555>

Tut , n. [Cf. Sw. tut a point, pipe, tube, Dan. tut a cornet.] 1. An imperial ensign consisting of a golden globe with a cross on it.

2. A hassock. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]

Tutelage <Xpage=1555>

Tu"te*lage (?) , n. [L. tutela protection, fr. tutus safe, fr. tueri to watch, defend. Cf. Tuition .]

1. The act of guarding or protecting; guardianship; protection; as, the king's right of seigniory and tutelage .

The childhood of the European nations was passed under the tutelage of the clergy. Macaulay.

2. The state of being under a guardian; care or protection enjoyed.

V. Knox.

Tutelar, Tutelary <Xpage=1555>

Tu"te*lar (?) , Tu"te*la*ry (?) , a. [L. tutelaris : cf. F. tut\'82laire . See Tutelage .] Having the guardianship or charge of protecting a person or a thing; guardian; protecting; as, tutelary goddesses .

This, of all advantages, is the greatest . . . the most tutelary of morals. Landor.

Tutele <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tele (?) , n. [L. tutela : cf. F. tutelle . See Tutelage .] Tutelage. [Obs.]

Howell.

Tutenag <Xpage=1555>

Tu"te*nag (?) , n. [F. toutenague ; cf. Pg. tutenaga , tutanaga . See Tutty .] (Metal.) (a) Crude zinc. [India] (b) Packfong. [Written also tutenague .]

Tut-mouthed <Xpage=1555>

Tut"-mouthed` (?) , a. Having a projecting under jaw; prognathous. [Obs.]

Holland.

Tut-nose <Xpage=1555>

Tut"-nose` (?) , n. A snub nose. [Prov. Eng.]

Tutor <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tor (?) , n. [OE. tutour , L. tutor , fr. tueri to watch, defend: cf. F. tuteur . Cf. Tuition .] One who guards, protects, watches over, or has the care of, some person or thing. Specifically: --

(a) A treasurer; a keeper. " Tutour of your treasure."

Piers Plowman.

(b) (Civ. Law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate; a guardian.

(c) A private or public teacher.

(d) (Eng. Universities) An officer or member of some hall, who instructs students, and is responsible for their discipline.

(e) (Am. Colleges) An instructor of a lower rank than a professor.

Tutor <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tor , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tutored (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Tutoring .] 1. To have the guardianship or care of; to teach; to instruct.

Their sons are well tutored by you. Shak.

2. To play the tutor toward; to treat with authority or severity.

Addison.

Tutorage <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tor*age (?; 48) , n. The office or occupation of a tutor; tutorship; guardianship.

Tutoress <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tor*ess (?) , n. A woman who performs the duties of a tutor; an instructress.

E. Moore.

Tutorial <Xpage=1555>

Tu*to"ri*al (?) , a. [L. tutorius .] Of or pertaining to a tutor; belonging to, or exercised by, a tutor.

Tutorism <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tor*ism (?) , n. Tutorship. [R.]

Tutorize <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tor*ize (?) , v. t. To teach; to instruct.

I . . . shall tutorize him some day. J. H. Newman.

Tutorship <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tor*ship , n. The office, duty, or care of a tutor; guardianship; tutelage.

Hooker.

Tutory <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tor*y (?) , n. Tutorage. [Obs.]

Holinshed.

Tutress <Xpage=1555>

Tu"tress (?) , n. Tutoress. [Obs.]

Selden.

Tutrix <Xpage=1555>

Tu"trix (?) , n. [L. See Tutor .] A female guardian; a tutoress. [R.]

Smollett.