Chapter 1782

(d) To become inclined in the other direction; -- said of scales.

(e) To change from ebb to flow, or from flow to ebb; -- said of the tide.

(f) (Obstetrics) To bring down the feet of a child in the womb, in order to facilitate delivery.

8. (Print.) To invert a type of the same thickness, as temporary substitute for any sort which is exhausted.

To turn about , to face to another quarter; to turn around. -- To turn again , to come back after going; to return. Shak . -- To turn against , to become unfriendly or hostile to. -- To turn aside ∨ away . (a) To turn from the direct course; to withdraw from a company; to deviate. (b) To depart; to remove. (c) To avert one's face. -- To turn back , to turn so as to go in an opposite direction; to retrace one's steps. -- To turn in . (a) To bend inward. (b) To enter for lodgings or entertainment. (c) To go to bed. [Colloq.] -- To turn into , to enter by making a turn; as, to turn into a side street . -- To turn off , to be diverted; to deviate from a course; as, the road turns off to the left . -- To turn on ∨ upon . (a) To turn against; to confront in hostility or anger. (b) To reply to or retort. (c) To depend on; as, the result turns on one condition . -- To turn out . (a) To move from its place, as a bone. (b) To bend or point outward; as, his toes turn out . (c) To rise from bed. [Colloq.] (d) To come abroad; to appear; as, not many turned out to the fire . (e) To prove in the result; to issue; to result; as, the crops turned out poorly . -- To turn over , to turn from side to side; to roll; to tumble. -- To turn round . (a) To change position so as to face in another direction. (b) To change one's opinion; to change from one view or party to another. -- To turn to , to apply one's self to; have recourse to; to refer to. "Helvicus's tables may be turned to on all occasions." Locke . -- To turn to account , profit , advantage , or the like , to be made profitable or advantageous; to become worth the while. -- To turn under , to bend, or be folded, downward or under. -- To turn up . (a) To bend, or be doubled, upward. (b) To appear; to come to light; to transpire; to occur; to happen.

Turn <Xpage=1553>

Turn (?) , n. 1. The act of turning; movement or motion about, or as if about, a center or axis; revolution; as, the turn of a wheel .

2. Change of direction, course, or tendency; different order, position, or aspect of affairs; alteration; vicissitude; as, the turn of the tide .

At length his complaint took a favorable turn . Macaulay.

The turns and varieties of all passions. Hooker.

Too well the turns of mortal chance I know. Pope.

3. One of the successive portions of a course, or of a series of occurrences, reckoning from change to change; hence, a winding; a bend; a meander.

And all its [the river's] thousand turns disclose. Some fresher beauty varying round. Byron.

4. A circuitous walk, or a walk to and fro, ending where it began; a short walk; a stroll.

Come, you and I must walk a turn together. Shak.

I will take a turn in your garden. Dryden.

5. Successive course; opportunity enjoyed by alternation with another or with others, or in due order; due chance; alternate or incidental occasion; appropriate time. "Nobleness and bounty . . . had their turns in his [the king's] nature."

His turn will come to laugh at you again. Denham .

Every one has a fair turn to be as great as he pleases. Collier.

6. Incidental or opportune deed or office; occasional act of kindness or malice; as, to do one an ill turn .

Had I not done a friendes turn to thee? Chaucer.

thanks are half lost when good turns are delayed. Fairfax.

7. Convenience; occasion; purpose; exigence; as, this will not serve his turn .

I have enough to serve mine own turn . Shak.

8. Form; cast; shape; manner; fashion; -- used in a literal or figurative sense; hence, form of expression; mode of signifying; as, the turn of thought; a man of a sprightly turn in conversation .

The turn of both his expressions and thoughts is unharmonious. Dryden.

The Roman poets, in their description of a beautiful man, often mention the turn of his neck and arms. Addison.

9. A change of condition; especially, a sudden or recurring symptom of illness, as a nervous shock, or fainting spell; as, a bad turn . [Colloq.]

10. A fall off the ladder at the gallows; a hanging; -- so called from the practice of causing the criminal to stand on a ladder which was turned over, so throwing him off, when the signal was given. [Obs.]

11. A round of a rope or cord in order to secure it, as about a pin or a cleat.

12. (Mining) A pit sunk in some part of a drift.

13. (Eng. Law) A court of record, held by the sheriff twice a year in every hundred within his county.

Blount.

14. pl. (Med.) Monthly courses; menses. [Colloq.]

15. (Mus.) An embellishment or grace (marked thus, <?/), commonly consisting of the principal note, or that on which the turn is made, with the note above, and the semitone below, the note above being sounded first, the principal note next, and the semitone below last, the three being performed quickly, as a triplet preceding the marked note. The turn may be inverted so as to begin with the lower note, in which case the sign is either placed on end thus <?/, or drawn thus <?/.

By turns . (a) One after another; alternately; in succession. (b) At intervals. "[They] feel by turns the bitter change." Milton . -- In turn , in due order of succession. -- To a turn , exactly; perfectly; as, done to a turn ; -- a phrase alluding to the practice of cooking on a revolving spit. -- To take turns , to alternate; to succeed one another in due order. -- Turn and turn about , by equal alternating periods of service or duty; by turns. -- Turn bench , a simple portable lathe, used on a bench by clock makers and watchmakers. -- Turn buckle . See Turnbuckle , in Vocabulary. -- Turn cap , a sort of chimney cap which turns round with the wind so as to present its opening to the leeward. G. Francis . -- Turn of life (Med.) , change of life. See under Change . -- Turn screw , a screw driver.

Turnbroach <Xpage=1553>

Turn"broach` (?) , n. A turnspit. [Obs.] " One that was her turnbroach ."

Beau. & Fl.

Turn-buckle <Xpage=1553>

Turn"-buc`kle (?) , n. (Mech.) (a) A loop or sleeve with a screw thread at one end and a swivel at the other, -- used for tightening a rod, stay, etc. (b) A gravitating catch, as for fastening a shutter, the end of a chain, or a hasp.

Turnbull's blue <Xpage=1553>

Turn"bull's blue` (?) . (Chem.) The double cyanide of ferrous and ferric iron, a dark blue amorphous substance having a coppery luster, used in dyeing, calico printing, etc. Cf. Prussian blue , under Prussian .

Turncoat <Xpage=1553>

Turn"coat` (?) , n. One who forsakes his party or his principles; a renegade; an apostate<--; a defector to the enemy -->.

He is a turncoat , he was not true to his profession. Bunyan.

Turnep <Xpage=1553>

Tur"nep (?) , n. (Bot.) See Turnip . [Obs.]

Turner <Xpage=1553>

Turn"er (?) , n. 1. One who turns; especially, one whose occupation is to form articles with a lathe.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of pigeon; a tumbler.

Turner <Xpage=1553>

Tur"ner (?) , n. [G.] A person who practices athletic or gymnastic exercises.

Turnerite <Xpage=1553>

Tur"ner*ite (?) , n. [So called from the English chemist and mineralogist, C. H. Turner .] (Min.) A variety of monazite.

Turnery <Xpage=1553>

Turn"er*y (?) , n. [Cf. F. tournerie .] 1. The art of fashioning solid bodies into cylindrical or other forms by means of a lathe.

2. Things or forms made by a turner, or in the lathe.

Chairs of wood, the seats triangular, the backs, arms, and legs loaded with turnery . Walpole.

<page="1554"> Page 1554

Turney <Xpage=1554>

Tur"ney (?) , n. & v. Tourney. [Obs.] Chaucer . "In open turney ."

Spenser. Milton.

Turnhalle <Xpage=1554>

Turn"hal`le (?) , n. [G., from turnen to exercise gymnastics + halle hall.] A building used as a school of gymnastics.

Turnicimorph\'91 <Xpage=1554>

Tur`ni*ci*mor"ph\'91 (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Turnix , and -morphous .] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including Turnix and allied genera, resembling quails in appearance but differing from them anatomically.

Turning <Xpage=1554>

Turn"ing (?) , n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, turns; also, a winding; a bending course; a fiexure; a meander.

Through paths and turnings often trod by day. Milton.

2. The place of a turn; an angle or corner, as of a road.

It is preached at every turning . Coleridge.

3. Deviation from the way or proper course.

Harmar.

4. Turnery, or the shaping of solid substances into various by means of a lathe and cutting tools.

5. pl. The pieces, or chips, detached in the process of turning from the material turned.

6. (Mil.) A maneuver by which an enemy or a position is turned.

Turning and boring mill , a kind of lathe having a vertical spindle and horizontal face plate, for turning and boring large work. -- Turning bridge . See the Note under Drawbridge . -- Turning engine , an engine lathe. -- Turning lathe , a lathe used by turners to shape their work. -- Turning pair . See the Note under Pair , n. -- Turning point , the point upon which a question turns, and which decides a case.

Turningness <Xpage=1554>

Turn"ing*ness , n. The quality of turning; instability; tergiversation. [Obs.]

Sir P. Sidney.

Turnip <Xpage=1554>

Tur"nip (?) , n. [OE. turnep ; probably fr. turn , or F. tour a turn, turning lathe + OE. nepe a turnip, AS. n&aemac;pe , L. napus . Cf. Turn , v. t. , Navew .] (Bot.) The edible, fleshy, roundish, or somewhat conical, root of a cruciferous plant ( Brassica campestris , var. Napus ); also, the plant itself. [Formerly written also turnep .]

Swedish turnip (Bot.) , a kind of turnip. See Ruta-baga . -- Turnip flea (Zo\'94l.) , a small flea-beetle ( Haltica, &or; Phyllotreta, striolata ), which feeds upon the turnip, and often seriously injures it. It is black with a stripe of yellow on each elytron. The name is also applied to several other small insects which are injurious to turnips. See Illust . under Flea-beetle . -- Turnip fly . (Zo\'94l.) (a) The turnip flea. (b) A two-winged fly ( Anthomyia radicum ) whose larv\'91 live in the turnip root.

Turnip-shell <Xpage=1554>

Tur"nip-shell" (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several large, thick, spiral marine shells belonging to Rapa and allied genera, somewhat turnip-shaped.

Turnix <Xpage=1554>

Tur"nix (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. coturnix a quail.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of birds belonging to Turnix or Hemipodius and allied genera of the family Turnicid\'91 . These birds resemble quails and partridges in general appearance and in some of their habits, but differ in important anatomical characteristics. The hind toe is usually lacking. They are found in Asia, Africa, Southern Europe, the East Indian Islands, and esp. in Australia and adjacent islands, where they are called quails (see Quail , n. , 3.). See Turnicimorph\'91 .

Turnkey <Xpage=1554>

Turn"key` (?) , n. ; pl. Turnkeys (<?/) .

1. A person who has charge of the keys of a prison, for opening and fastening the doors; a warder.

2. (Dentistry) An instrument with a hinged claw, -- used for extracting teeth with a twist.

Turn-out <Xpage=1554>

Turn"-out` (?) , n. ; pl. Turn-outs (<?/) . 1. The act of coming forth; a leaving of houses, shops, etc.; esp., a quitting of employment for the purpose of forcing increase of wages; a strike; -- opposed to lockout .

2. A short side track on a railroad, which may be occupied by one train while another is passing on a main track; a shunt; a siding; a switch.

3. That which is prominently brought forward or exhibited; hence, an equipage; as, a man with a showy carriage and horses is said to have a fine turn-out .

4. The aggregate number of persons who have come out, as from their houses, for a special purpose.

5. Net quantity of produce yielded.

<-- 6. A space alongside a highway where vehicles may stop, esp. for emergency purposes, or to admire the view. -->

Turnover <Xpage=1554>

Turn"o`ver (?) , n. 1. The act or result of turning over; an upset; as, a bad turnover in a carriage .

2. A semicircular pie or tart made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, inclosing the fruit or other materials.

3. An apprentice, in any trade, who is handed over from one master to another to complete his time.

Turnover <Xpage=1554>

Turn"o`ver , a. Admitting of being turned over; made to be turned over; as, a turnover collar, etc .

Turnpike <Xpage=1554>

Turn"pike` (?) , n. [ Turn + pike .] 1. A frame consisting of two bars crossing each other at right angles and turning on a post or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a person to pass between the arms; a turnstile. See Turnstile , 1.

I move upon my axle like a turnpike . B. Jonson.

2. A gate or bar set across a road to stop carriages, animals, and sometimes people, till toll is paid for keeping the road in repair; a tollgate.

3. A turnpike road.

De Foe.

4. A winding stairway. [Scot.]

Sir W. Scott.

5. (Mil.) A beam filled with spikes to obstruct passage; a cheval-de-frise. [R.]

Turnpike man , a man who collects tolls at a turnpike. -- Turnpike road , a road on which turnpikes, or tollgates, are established by law, in order to collect from the users tolls to defray the cost of building, repairing, etc.

Turnpike <Xpage=1554>

Turn"pike` (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Turnpiked (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Turnpiking .] To form, as a road, in the manner of a turnpike road; into a rounded form, as the path of a road.

Knowles.

Turnplate <Xpage=1554>

Turn"plate` (?) , n. A turntable.

Turn-sick <Xpage=1554>

Turn"-sick` (?) , a. Giddy. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Turn-sick <Xpage=1554>

Turn"-sick` , n. (For.) A disease with which sheep are sometimes affected; gid; sturdy. See Gid .

Turnsole <Xpage=1554>

Turn"sole` (?) , n. [F. tournesol , It. tornasole ; tornare to turn (LL. tornare ) + sole the sun, L. sol . See Turn , Solar , a. , and cf. Heliotrope .] [Written also turnsol .] 1. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Heliotropium ; heliotrope; -- so named because its flowers are supposed to turn toward the sun. (b) The sunflower. (c) A kind of spurge ( Euphorbia Helioscopia ). (d) The euphorbiaceous plant Chrozophora tinctoria .

2. (Chem.) (a) Litmus. [Obs.] (b) A purple dye obtained from the plant turnsole. See def. 1 (d) .

Turnspit <Xpage=1554>

Turn"spit` (?) , n. 1. One who turns a spit; hence, a person engaged in some menial office.

His lordship is his majesty's turnspit . Burke.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A small breed of dogs having a long body and short crooked legs. These dogs were formerly much used for turning a spit on which meat was roasting.

Turnstile <Xpage=1554>

Turn"stile` (?) , n. 1. A revolving frame in a footpath, preventing the passage of horses or cattle, but admitting that of persons; a turnpike. See Turnpike , n. , 1.

2. A similar arrangement for registering the number of persons passing through a gateway, doorway, or the like.

Turnstone <Xpage=1554>

Turn"stone` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of limicoline birds of the genera Strepsilas and Arenaria , allied to the plovers, especially the common American and European species ( Strepsilas interpres ). They are so called from their habit of turning up small stones in search of mollusks and other aquatic animals. Called also brant bird , sand runner , sea quail , sea lark , sparkback , and skirlcrake .

Black turnstone , the California turnstone ( Arenaria melanocephala ). The adult in summer is mostly black, except some white streaks on the chest and forehead, and two white loral spots.

Turntable <Xpage=1554>

Turn"ta`ble (?) , n. A large revolving platform, for turning railroad cars, locomotives, etc., in a different direction; -- called also turnplate .

Turnus <Xpage=1554>

Tur"nus (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. Turnus , the king of the Rutuli, mentioned in the \'92neid.] (Zo\'94l.) A common, large, handsome, American swallowtail butterfly, now regarded as one of the forms of Papilio, &or; Jasoniades, glaucus . The wings are yellow, margined and barred with black, and with an orange-red spot near the posterior angle of the hind wings. Called also tiger swallowtail . See Illust . under Swallowtail .

Turnverein <Xpage=1554>

Turn"ve*rein` (?) , n. [G., from turnen to exercise + verein a union.] A company or association of gymnasts and athletes.

Turnwrest <Xpage=1554>

Turn"wrest` (?) , n. (a) Designating a cumbersome style of plow used in England, esp. in Kent. (b) designating a kind of hillside plow. [Eng.]

Knight.

Turonian <Xpage=1554>

Tu*ro"ni*an (?) , n. (Geol.) One of the subdivisions into which the Upper Cretaceous formation of Europe is divided.

Turpentine <Xpage=1554>