The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
Chapter 1781
It is no good reason for a man's religion that he was born and brought up in it; for then a Turk would have as much reason to be a Turk as a Christian to be a Christian. Chillingworth.
4. (Zo\'94l.) The plum weevil. See Curculio , and Plum weevil , under Plum .
Turk's cap . (Bot.) (a) Turk's-cap lily. See under Lily . (b) A tulip. (c) A plant of the genus Melocactus ; Turk's head. See Melon cactus , under Melon . -- Turk's head . (a) (Naut.) A knot of turbanlike form worked on a rope with a piece of small line. R. H. Dana, Jr. (b) (Bot.) See Turk's cap (c) above. -- Turk's turban (Bot.) , a plant of the genus Ranunculus ; crowfoot.
Turkeis <Xpage=1552>
Tur"keis (?) , a. [Cf. Turquoise .] Turkish. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Turkey <Xpage=1552>
Tur"key (?) , n. [Cf. 2d Turkey .] An empire in the southeast of Europe and southwest of Asia.
Turkey carpet , a superior kind of carpet made in Asia Minor and adjoining countries, having a deep pile and composed of pure wool with a weft of different material. It is distinguishable by its coloring and patterns from similar carpets made in India and elsewhere. -- Turkey oak . (Bot.) See Cerris . -- Turkey red . (a) A brilliant red imparted by madder to cottons, calicoes, etc., the fiber of which has been prepared previously with oil or other fatty matter. (b) Cloth dyed with this red. -- Turkey sponge . (Zo\'94l.) See Toilet sponge , under Sponge . -- Turkey stone , a kind of oilstone from Turkey; novaculite; -- called also Turkey oilstone .
Tyrkey <Xpage=1552>
Tyr"key (?) , n. ; pl. Turkeys (#) . [So called because it was formerly erroneously believed that it came originally from Turkey : cf. F. Turquie Turkey. See Turk .] (Zo\'94l.) Any large American gallinaceous bird belonging to the genus Meleagris , especially the North American wild turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo ), and the domestic turkey, which was probably derived from the Mexican wild turkey, but had been domesticated by the Indians long before the discovery of America.
&hand; The Mexican wild turkey is now considered a variety of the northern species (var. Mexicana ). Its tall feathers and coverts are tipped with white instead of brownish chestnut, and its flesh is white. The Central American, or ocellated, turkey ( M. ocellata ) is more elegantly colored than the common species. See under Ocellated . The Australian, or native, turkey is a bustard ( Choriotis australis ). See under Native .
Turkey beard (Bot.) , a name of certain American perennial liliaceous herbs of the genus Xerophyllum . They have a dense tuft of hard, narrowly linear radical leaves, and a long raceme of small whitish flowers. Also called turkey's beard . -- Turkey berry (Bot.) , a West Indian name for the fruit of certain kinds of nightshade ( Solanum mammosum , and S. torvum ). -- Turkey bird (Zo\'94l.) , the wryneck. So called because it erects and ruffles the feathers of its neck when disturbed. [Prov. Eng.] -- Turkey buzzard (Zo\'94l.) , a black or nearly black buzzard ( Cathartes aura ), abundant in the Southern United States. It is so called because its naked and warty head and neck resemble those of a turkey. Its is noted for its high and graceful flight. Called also turkey vulture . -- Turkey cock (Zo\'94l.) , a male turkey. -- Turkey hen (Zo\'94l.) , a female turkey. -- Turkey pout (Zo\'94l.) , a young turkey. [R.] -- Turkey vulture (Zo\'94l.) , the turkey buzzard.
Turkeys <Xpage=1552>
Tur"keys (?) , a. Turkish. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Turkic <Xpage=1552>
Turk"ic (?) , a. Turkish.
Turkis <Xpage=1552>
Tur"kis (?) , n. (Min.) Turquois. [Obs.]
Turkish <Xpage=1552>
Turk"ish (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Turkey or the Turks. -- n. The language spoken by Turks, esp. that of the people of Turkey. -- Turk"ish*ly , adv. -- Turk"ish*ness , n.
Turkism <Xpage=1552>
Turk"ism (?) , n. Same as Turcism .
Turkle <Xpage=1552>
Tur"kle (?) , n. A turtle. [Obs. or Illiterate]
Turko <Xpage=1552>
Turk"o (?) , n. ; pl. Turkos (#) . [F. turco .] One of a body of native Algerian tirailleurs in the French army, dressed as a Turk. [Written also Turco .]
Turkois <Xpage=1552>
Tur*kois" (?) , n. & a. Turquoise.
Turkoman <Xpage=1552>
Tur"ko*man (?) , n. ; pl. Turkomans (<?/) . Same as Turcoman .
Turlupin <Xpage=1552>
Tur"lu*pin (?) , n. [F.] (Fr. Eccl. Hist.) One of the precursors of the Reformation; -- a nickname corresponding to Lollard , etc.
Turm <Xpage=1552>
Turm (?) , n. [L. turma .] A troop; a company. [Obs. or Poetic]
Legions and cohorts, turms of horse and wings. Milton.
Turmaline <Xpage=1552>
Tur"ma*line (?) , n. (Min.) See Tourmaline .
Turmeric <Xpage=1552>
Tur"mer*ic (?) , n. [F. terre-m\'82rite , NL. terramerita , turmerica ; apparently meaning, excellent earth, but perhaps a corruption of Ar. kurkum . Cf. Curcuma .]
1. (Bot.) An East Indian plant of the genus Curcuma , of the Ginger family.
2. The root or rootstock of the Curcuma longa . It is externally grayish, but internally of a deep, lively yellow or saffron color, and has a slight aromatic smell, and a bitterish, slightly acrid taste. It is used for a dye, a medicine, a condiment, and a chemical test.
Turmeric <Xpage=1552>
Tur"mer*ic , a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to turmeric; resembling, or obtained from, turmeric; specif., designating an acid obtained by the oxidation of turmerol.
Turmeric paper (Chem.) , paper impregnated with turmeric and used as a test for alkaline substances, by which it is changed from yellow to brown. -- Turmeric root . (Bot.) (a) Bloodroot. (b) Orangeroot.
Turmerol <Xpage=1552>
Tur"mer*ol (?) , n. [ Turmeric + L. ol eum oil.] (Chem.) Turmeric oil, a brownish yellow, oily substance extracted from turmeric by ligroin.
Turmoil <Xpage=1552>
Tur"moil (?) , n. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fr. OF. tremouille the hopper of a mill, trembler to tremble (cf. E. tremble ); influenced by E. turn and moil .] Harassing labor; trouble; molestation by tumult; disturbance; worrying confusion.
And there I'll rest, as after much turmoil , A blessed soul doth in Elysium. Shak.
<page="1553"> Page 1553
Turmoil <Xpage=1553>
Tur*moil" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Turmoiled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Turmoiling .] To harass with commotion; to disquiet; to worry. [Obs.]
It is her fatal misfortune . . . to be miserably tossed and turmoiled with these storms of affliction. Spenser.
Turmoil <Xpage=1553>
Tur*moil" , v. i. To be disquieted or confused; to be in commotion. [Obs.]
Milton.
Turn <Xpage=1553>
Turn (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Turned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Turning .] [OE. turnen , tournen , OF. tourner , torner , turner , F. tourner , LL. tornare , fr. L. tornare to turn in a lathe, to rounds off, fr. tornus a lathe, Gr. <?/ a turner's chisel, a carpenter's tool for drawing circles; probably akin to E. throw . See Throw , and cf. Attorney , Return , Tornado , Tour , Tournament .] 1. To cause to move upon a center, or as if upon a center; to give circular motion to; to cause to revolve; to cause to move round, either partially, wholly, or repeatedly; to make to change position so as to present other sides in given directions; to make to face otherwise; as, to turn a wheel or a spindle; to turn the body or the head .
Turn the adamantine spindle round. Milton.
The monarch turns him to his royal guest. Pope.
2. To cause to present a different side uppermost or outmost; to make the upper side the lower, or the inside to be the outside of; to reverse the position of; as, to turn a box or a board; to turn a coat .
3. To give another direction, tendency, or inclination to; to direct otherwise; to deflect; to incline differently; -- used both literally and figuratively; as, to turn the eyes to the heavens; to turn a horse from the road, or a ship from her course; to turn the attention to or from something . "Expert when to advance, or stand, or, turn the sway of battle."
Milton.
Thrice I deluded her, and turned to sport Her importunity. Milton.
My thoughts are turned on peace. Addison.
4. To change from a given use or office; to divert, as to another purpose or end; to transfer; to use or employ; to apply; to devote.
Therefore he slew him, and turned the kingdom unto David. 1 Chron. x. 14.
God will make these evils the occasion of a greater good, by turning them to advantage in this world. Tillotson.
When the passage is open, land will be turned most to cattle; when shut, to sheep. Sir W. Temple.
5. To change the form, quality, aspect, or effect of; to alter; to metamorphose; to convert; to transform; -- often with to or into before the word denoting the effect or product of the change; as, to turn a worm into a winged insect; to turn green to blue; to turn prose into verse; to turn a Whig to a Tory, or a Hindoo to a Christian; to turn good to evil, and the like .
The Lord thy God will turn thy captivity, and have compassion upon thee. Deut. xxx. 3.
And David said, O Lord, I pray thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness. 2 Sam. xv. 31.
Impatience turns an ague into a fever. Jer. Taylor.
6. To form in a lathe; to shape or fashion (anything) by applying a cutting tool to it while revolving; as, to turn the legs of stools or tables; to turn ivory or metal .
I had rather hear a brazen canstick turned . Shak.
7. Hence, to give form to; to shape; to mold; to put in proper condition; to adapt. "The poet's pen turns them to shapes."
Shak.
His limbs how turned , how broad his shoulders spread ! Pope.
He was perfectly well turned for trade. Addison.
8. Specifically: --
(a) To translate; to construe; as, to turn the Iliad.
Who turns a Persian tale for half a crown. Pope.
(b) To make acid or sour; to ferment; to curdle, etc.: as, to turn cider or wine; electricity turns milk quickly .
(c) To sicken; to nauseate; as, an emetic turns one's stomach .
To be turned of , be advanced beyond; as, to be turned of sixty-six . -- To turn a cold shoulder to , to treat with neglect or indifference. -- To turn a corner , to go round a corner. <-- (b) (Fig._ To advance beyond a difficult stage in a project, or in life. --> -- To turn adrift , to cast off, to cease to care for. -- To turn a flange (Mech.) , to form a flange on, as around a metal sheet or boiler plate, by stretching, bending, and hammering, or rolling the metal. -- To turn against . (a) To direct against; as, to turn one's arguments against himself . (b) To make unfavorable or hostile to; as, to turn one's friends against him . -- To turn a hostile army , To turn the enemy's flank , or the like (Mil.) , to pass round it, and take a position behind it or upon its side. -- To turn a penny , ∨ To turn an honest penny , to make a small profit by trade, or the like. -- To turn around one's finger , to have complete control of the will and actions of; to be able to influence at pleasure. -- To turn aside , to avert. -- To turn away . (a) To dismiss from service; to discard; as, to turn away a servant . (b) To avert; as, to turn away wrath or evil . -- To turn back . (a) To give back; to return.
We turn not back the silks upon the merchants, When we have soiled them. Shak.
(b) To cause to return or retrace one's steps; hence, to drive away; to repel. Shak . -- To turn down . (a) To fold or double down. (b) To turn over so as to conceal the face of; as, to turn down cards. (c) To lower, or reduce in size, by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; as, turn down the lights . -- To turn in . (a) To fold or double under; as, to turn in the edge of cloth . (b) To direct inwards; as, to turn the toes in when walking . (c) To contribute; to deliver up; as, he turned in a large amount. [Colloq.] -- To turn in the mind , to revolve, ponder, or meditate upon; -- with about , over , etc. " Turn these ideas about in your mind ." I. Watts . -- To turn off . (a) To dismiss contemptuously; as, to turn off a sycophant or a parasite. (b) To give over; to reduce. (c) To divert; to deflect; as, to turn off the thoughts from serious subjects; to turn off a joke. (d) To accomplish; to perform, as work. (e) (Mech.) To remove, as a surface, by the process of turning; to reduce in size by turning. (f) To shut off, as a fluid, by means of a valve, stopcock, or other device; to stop the passage of; as, to turn off the water or the gas. <-- (g) (colloq.) To dampen the enthusiasm of. --> -- To turn on , to cause to flow by turning a valve, stopcock, or the like; to give passage to; as, to turn on steam . <-- (b) (Colloq.) To make enthusiastic; to arouse sexually. --> -- To turn one's coat , to change one's uniform or colors; to go over to the opposite party. -- To turn one's goods ∨ money , and the like , to exchange in the course of trade; to keep in lively exchange or circulation; to gain or increase in trade. -- To turn one's hand to , to adapt or apply one's self to; to engage in. -- To turn out . (a) To drive out; to expel; as, to turn a family out of doors; to turn a man out of office .
I'll turn you out of my kingdom. Shak.
(b) to put to pasture, as cattle or horses. (c) To produce, as the result of labor, or any process of manufacture; to furnish in a completed state. (d) To reverse, as a pocket, bag, etc., so as to bring the inside to the outside; hence, to produce. (e) To cause to cease, or to put out, by turning a stopcock, valve, or the like; as, to turn out the lights. -- To turn over . (a) To change or reverse the position of; to overset; to overturn; to cause to roll over. (b) To transfer; as, to turn over business to another hand . (c) To read or examine, as a book, while, turning the leaves. "We turned o'er many books together." Shak . (d) To handle in business; to do business to the amount of; as, he turns over millions a year. [Colloq.] -- To turn over a new leaf . See under Leaf . -- To turn tail , to run away; to retreat ignominiously. -- To turn the back , to flee; to retreat. -- To turn the back on ∨ upon , to treat with contempt; to reject or refuse unceremoniously. -- To turn the corner , to pass the critical stage; to get by the worst point; hence, to begin to improve, or to succeed. -- To turn the die ∨ dice , to change fortune. -- To turn the edge ∨ point of , to bend over the edge or point of so as to make dull; to blunt. -- To turn the head ∨ brain of , to make giddy, wild, insane, or the like; to infatuate; to overthrow the reason or judgment of; as, a little success turned his head . -- To turn the scale ∨ balance , to change the preponderance; to decide or determine something doubtful. -- To turn the stomach of , to nauseate; to sicken. -- To turn the tables , to reverse the chances or conditions of success or superiority; to give the advantage to the person or side previously at a disadvantage. -- To turn tippet , to make a change. [Obs.] B. Jonson . -- To turn to profit , advantage , etc. , to make profitable or advantageous. -- To turn up . (a) To turn so as to bring the bottom side on top; as, to turn up the trump. (b) To bring from beneath to the surface, as in plowing, digging, etc. (c) To give an upward curve to; to tilt; as, to turn up the nose . -- To turn upon , to retort; to throw back; as, to turn the arguments of an opponent upon himself . -- To turn upside down , to confuse by putting things awry; to throw into disorder.
This house is turned upside down since Robin Ostler died. Shak.
Turn <Xpage=1553>
Turn (?) , v. i. 1. To move round; to have a circular motion; to revolve entirely, repeatedly, or partially; to change position, so as to face differently; to whirl or wheel round; as, a wheel turns on its axis; a spindle turns on a pivot; a man turns on his heel.
The gate . . . on golden hinges turning . Milton.
2. Hence, to revolve as if upon a point of support; to hinge; to depend; as, the decision turns on a single fact .
Conditions of peace certainly turn upon events of war. Swift.
3. To result or terminate; to come about; to eventuate; to issue.
If we repent seriously, submit contentedly, and serve him faithfully, afflictions shall turn to our advantage. Wake.
4. To be deflected; to take a different direction or tendency; to be directed otherwise; to be differently applied; to be transferred; as, to turn from the road .
Turn from thy fierce wrath. Ex. xxxii. 12.
Turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways. Ezek. xxxiii. 11.
The understanding turns inward on itself, and reflects on its own operations. Locke.
5. To be changed, altered, or transformed; to become transmuted; also, to become by a change or changes; to grow; as, wood turns to stone; water turns to ice; one color turns to another; to turn Mohammedan .
I hope you have no intent to turn husband. Shak.
Cygnets from gray turn white. Bacon.
6. To undergo the process of turning on a lathe; as, ivory turns well .
7. Specifically: --
(a) To become acid; to sour; -- said of milk, ale, etc.
(b) To become giddy; -- said of the head or brain.
I'll look no more; Lest my brain turn . Shak.
(c) To be nauseated; -- said of the stomach.