Chapter 1780

Largo tupelo , ∨ Tupelo gum (Bot.) , an American tree ( Nyssa uniflora ) with softer wood than the tupelo. -- Sour tupelo (Bot.) , the Ogeechee lime.

Tupman <Xpage=1551>

Tup"man (?) , n. ; pl. Tupmen (<?/) . A man who breeds, or deals in tups. [Prov. Eng.]

Tur <Xpage=1551>

Tur (?) , n. [Pol.] (Zo\'94l.) The urus.

Turacin <Xpage=1551>

Tu"ra*cin (?) , n. (Physiol.) (Chem.) A red or crimson pigment obtained from certain feathers of several species of turacou; whence the name. It contains nearly six per cent of copper.

Turacou <Xpage=1551>

Tu*ra"cou (?) , n. [Cf. F. touraco .] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of plantain eaters of the genus Turacus , native of Africa. They are remarkable for the peculiar green and red pigments found in their feathers. [Written also touraco , and touracou .]

Turacoverdin <Xpage=1551>

Tu*ra`co*ver"din (?) , n. [See Turacou , and Verdant .] (Physiol.) (Chem.) A green pigment found in the feathers of the turacou. See Turacin .

Turanian <Xpage=1551>

Tu*ra"ni*an (?) , a. [From Tur , the name, in Persian legendary history, of one of the three brothers from whom sprang the races of mankind.] Of, pertaining to, or designating, an extensive family of languages of simple structure and low grade (called also Altaic , Ural-Altaic , and Scythian ), spoken in the northern parts of Europe and Asia and Central Asia; of pertaining to, or designating, the people who speak these languages.

Turanian <Xpage=1551>

Tu*ra"ni*an (?) , n. One of the Turanians.

Turanians <Xpage=1551>

Tu*ra"ni*ans (?) , n. pl. (Ethnol.) (a) An extensive division of mankind including the Mongols and allied races of Asia, together with the Malays and Polynesians. (b) A group of races or tribes inhabiting Asia and closely related to the Mongols.

Turatt <Xpage=1551>

Tu"ratt (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The hare kangaroo.

Turban <Xpage=1551>

Tur"ban (?) , n. [OE. turband , turbant , tolibant , F. turban , It. turbante , Turk. tulbend , dulbend , fr. Per. dulband . Cf. Tulip .] 1. A headdress worn by men in the Levant and by most Mohammedans of the male sex, consisting of a cap, and a sash, scarf, or shawl, usually of cotton or linen, wound about the cap, and sometimes hanging down the neck.

2. A kind of headdress worn by women.

3. (Zo\'94l.) The whole set of whorls of a spiral shell.

Turband <Xpage=1551>

Tur"band (?) , n. A turban.

Balfour (Cyc. of Ind.).

Turbaned <Xpage=1551>

Tur"baned (?) , a. Wearing a turban. " A malignant and a turbaned Turk."

Shak.

Turban-shell <Xpage=1551>

Tur"ban-shell` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A sea urchin when deprived of its spines; -- popularly so called from a fancied resemblance to a turban.

Turbant <Xpage=1551>

Tur"bant (?) , n. A turban. [Obs.]

Milton.

I see the Turk nodding with his turbant . Howell.

Turban-top <Xpage=1551>

Tur"ban-top` (?) , n. (Bot.) A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat globular pileus ( Helvella, &or; Gyromitra, esculenta .).

Turbary <Xpage=1551>

Tur"ba*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Turbaries (#) . [LL. turbaria a place for digging peat, from turba peat. See Turf .] (Eng. Law) A right of digging turf on another man's land; also, the ground where turf is dug.

Turbellaria <Xpage=1551>

Tur`bel*la"ri*a (?) , n. ; pl . [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo a whirling.] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive group of worms which have the body covered externally with vibrating cilia. It includes the Rhabdoc&oe;la and Dendroc&oe;la. Formerly, the nemerteans were also included in this group.

Turbellarian <Xpage=1551>

Tur`bel*la"ri*an (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Turbellaria. Also used adjectively.

Turbeth <Xpage=1551>

Tur"beth (?) , n. See Turpeth .

Turbid <Xpage=1551>

Tur"bid (?) , a. [L. turbidus , from turba tumult, disturbance, akin to turbare to disturb. See Trouble , and cf. Disturb , Perturb .] 1. Having the lees or sediment disturbed; roiled; muddy; thick; not clear; -- used of liquids of any kind; as, turbid water; turbid wine.

On that strong, turbid water, a small boat, Guided by one weak hand, was seen to float. Whittier.

2. Disturbed; confused; disordered. " Such turbid intervals that use to attend close prisoners."

Howell.

Turbidity <Xpage=1551>

Tur*bid"i*ty (?) , n. Turbidness.

Turbidly <Xpage=1551>

Tur"bid*ly (?) , adv. 1. In a turbid manner; with muddiness or confusion.

2. Proudly; haughtily. [A Latinism. R.]

One of great merit turbidly resents them. Young.

Turbidness <Xpage=1551>

Tur"bid*ness , n. The quality or state of being turbid; muddiness; foulness.

Turbillion <Xpage=1551>

Tur*bil"lion (?) , n. [F. tourbillon , from L. turbo a whirl.] A whirl; a vortex.

Spectator.

Turbinaceous <Xpage=1551>

Tur`bi*na"ceous (?) , a. [See Turbary .] Of or pertaining to peat, or turf; of the nature of peat, or turf; peaty; turfy.

Sir. W. Scott.

Turbinal <Xpage=1551>

Tur"bi*nal (?) , a. [L. turbo , turben , -inis , a top, whirl.] (Anat.) Rolled in a spiral; scroll-like; turbinate; -- applied to the thin, plicated, bony or cartilaginous plates which support the olfactory and mucous membranes of the nasal chambers.

&hand; There are usually several of these plates in each nasal chamber. The upper ones, connected directly with the ethmoid bone, are called ethmoturbinals , and the lower, connected with the maxill\'91, maxillo-turbinals . Incurved portions of the wall of the nasal chamber are sometimes called pseudoturbinals , to distinguish them from the true turbinals which are free outgrowths into the chambers.

Turbinal <Xpage=1551>

Tur"bi*nal , n. (Anat.) A turbinal bone or cartilage.

Turbinate <Xpage=1551>

Tur"bi*nate (?) , v. i. To revolve or spin like a top; to whirl. [R.]

Turbinate, Turbinated <Xpage=1551>

Tur"bi*nate (?) , Tur"bi*na`ted (?) , a. [L. turbinatus , turbo , turben , -inis , a whirl, top.] 1. Whirling in the manner of a top.

A spiral and turbinated motion of the whole. Bentley.

2. (Bot.) Shaped like a top, or inverted cone; narrow at the base, and broad at the apex; as, a turbinated ovary, pericarp, or root .

3. (Anat.) Turbinal.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Spiral with the whorls decreasing rapidly from a large base to a pointed apex; -- said of certain shells.

Turbination <Xpage=1551>

Tur`bi*na"tion (?) , n. [Cf. L. tirbinatio a pointing in the form of a cone. See Turbinate .] The act of spinning or whirling, as a top.

<page="1552"> Page 1552

Turbine <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bine (?) , n. [L. turbo , -inis , that which spins or whirls round, whirl.] A water wheel, commonly horizontal, variously constructed, but usually having a series of curved floats or buckets, against which the water acts by its impulse or reaction in flowing either outward from a central chamber, inward from an external casing, or from above downward, etc.; -- also called turbine wheel .

&hand; In some turbines, the water is supplied to the wheel from below, instead of above. Turbines in which the water flows in a direction parallel to the axis are called parallel-flow turbines.

<-- 2. A type of rotary engine with a set of rotating vanes, diagonally inclined and often curved, attached to a central spindle, and obtaining its motive force from the passage of a fluid, as water, steam, or air, over the vanes. Water turbines are frequently used for generating power at hydroelectric power stations, and steam turbines are used for generating power from coal- or oil-fired electric power stations. Turbines are also found in jet engines, and in some automobile engines. -->

Turbinella <Xpage=1552>

Tur`bi*nel"la (?) , n. [NL., dim. fr. L. turbo , -inis , a top.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large marine gastropods having a thick heavy shell with conspicuous folds on the columella.

Turbinite <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bi*nite (?) , n. [NL. Turbo , the generic name, fr. L. turbo a whirl, top: cf. F. turbinite .] (Paleon.) A petrified shell resembling the genus Turbo . [R.]

Turbinoid <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bi*noid (?) , a. [See Turbo , and -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Like or pertaining to Turbo or the family Turbinid\'91 .

Turbit <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bit (?) , n. [Cf. Turbot .]

1. (Zo\'94l.) The turbot.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A variety of the domestic pigeon, remarkable for its short beak.

Turbite <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bite (?) , n. (Paleon.) A fossil turbo.

Turbith <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bith (?) , n. [F., fr. Per. See Turpeth .] See Turpeth .

Turbo <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bo (?) , n. [L. turbo , -inis , a top. See Turbine .] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous marine gastropods of the genus Turbo or family Turbinid\'91 , usually having a turbinate shell, pearly on the inside, and a calcareous operculum.

Turbot <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bot (?) , n. [F.; -- probably so named from its shape, and from L. turbo a top, a whirl.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large European flounder ( Rhombus maximus ) highly esteemed as a food fish. It often weighs from thirty to forty pounds. Its color on the upper side is brownish with small roundish tubercles scattered over the surface. The lower, or blind, side is white. Called also bannock fluke . (b) Any one of numerous species of flounders more or less related to the true turbots, as the American plaice, or summer flounder (see Flounder ), the halibut, and the diamond flounder ( Hypsopsetta guttulata ) of California. (c) The filefish; -- so called in Bermuda. (d) The trigger fish.

Spotted turbot . See Windowpane .

Turbulence <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bu*lence (?) , n. [L. turbulentia : cf. F. turbulebce .] The quality or state of being turbulent; a disturbed state; tumult; disorder; agitation.

Shak.

The years of . . . warfare and turbulence which ensued. Southey.

Syn. -- Agitation; commotion; tumult; tumultuousness; termagance; unruliness; insubordination; rioting.

Turbulency <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bu*len*cy (?) , n. Turbulence.

What a tale of terror now its turbulency tells! Poe.

Turbulent <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bu*lent (?) , a. [L. turbulentus , fr. turba disorder, tumult: cf. F. turbulent . See Turbid .] 1. Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; roused to violent commotion; as, the turbulent ocean .

Calm region once, And full of peace, now tossed and turbulent . Milton.

2. Disposed to insubordination and disorder; restless; unquiet; refractory; as, turbulent spirits .

Sagacious, bold, and turbulent of wit. Dryden.

3. Producing commotion; disturbing; exciting.

Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes. Milton.

Syn. -- Disturbed; agitated; tumultuous; riotous; seditious; insubordinate; refractory; unquiet.

Turbulently <Xpage=1552>

Tur"bu*lent*ly , adv. In a turbulent manner.

Turcism <Xpage=1552>

Tur"cism (?) , n. A mode of speech peculiar to the Turks; a Turkish idiom or expression; also, in general, a Turkish mode or custom.

Turcoman <Xpage=1552>

Tur"co*man (?) , n. ; pl. Turcomans (<?/) .

1. A member of a tribe of Turanians inhabiting a region east of the Caspian Sea.

2. A Turcoman carpet.

Turcoman carpet &or; rug , a kind of carpet or rug supposed to be made by the Turcomans.

Turdiformes <Xpage=1552>

Tur`di*for"mes (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. L. turdus a thrush + forma form.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of singing birds including the thrushes and allied kinds.

Turdus <Xpage=1552>

Tur"dus (?) , n. [L., a thrush.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of singing birds including the true thrushes.

Tureen <Xpage=1552>

Tu*reen" (?) , n. [F. terrine , L. terra earth. See Terrace .] A large, deep vessel for holding soup, or other liquid food, at the table. [Written also terreen .]

Tureenful <Xpage=1552>

Tu*reen"ful (?) , n. ; pl. Tureenfuls (<?/) . As much as a tureen can hold; enough to fill a tureen.

Turf <Xpage=1552>

Turf (t&ucir;rf) , n. ; pl. Turfs (#) , Obs . Turves (#) . [AS. turf ; akin to D. turf peat, G. torf , OHG. zurba turf, Sw. & Icel. torf turf, peat, Dan. t\'94rv , Skr. darbha a kind of grass, a tuft of grass. &root;242.] 1. That upper stratum of earth and vegetable mold which is filled with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to adhere and form a kind of mat; sward; sod.

At his head a grass-green turf . Shak.

The Greek historian sets her in the field on a high heap of turves . Milton.

2. Peat, especially when prepared for fuel. See Peat .

3. Race course; horse racing; -- preceded by the . "We . . . claim the honors of the turf ."

Cowper.

&hand; Turf is often used adjectively, or to form compounds which are generally self-explaining; as, turf ashes, turf cutter or turf -cutter, turf pit or turf -pit, turf -built, turf -clad, turf -covered, etc.

Turf ant (Zo\'94l.) , a small European ant ( Formica flava ) which makes small ant-hills on heaths and commons. -- Turf drain , a drain made with turf or peat. -- Turf hedge , a hedge or fence formed with turf and plants of different kinds. -- Turf house , a house or shed formed of turf, common in the northern parts of Europe. -- Turf moss a tract of turfy, mossy, or boggy land. -- Turf spade , a spade for cutting and digging turf, longer and narrower than the common spade.

Turf <Xpage=1552>

Turf , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Turfed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Turfing .] To cover with turf or sod; as, to turf a bank, of the border of a terrace .

A. Tucker.

Turfen <Xpage=1552>

Turf"en (?) , a. Made of turf; covered with turf.

Turfiness <Xpage=1552>

Turf"i*ness (?) , n. Quality or state of being turfy.

Turfing <Xpage=1552>

Turf"ing , n. The act or process of providing or covering with turf.

Turfing iron , &or; Turfing spade , an implement for cutting, and paring off, turf.

Turfite <Xpage=1552>

Turf"ite (?) , n. A votary of the turf, or race course; hence, sometimes, a blackleg. [Colloq.]

Thackeray.

Turfless <Xpage=1552>

Turf"less , a. Destitute of turf.

Turfman <Xpage=1552>

Turf"man (?) , n. ; pl. Turfmen (<?/) . A turfite; a votary of the turf, or race course. [Colloq.]

Turfy <Xpage=1552>

Turf"y (?) , a. [ Compar. Turfier (?) ; superl. Turfiest .] 1. Abounding with turf; made of, or covered with, turf. "The turfy mountains."

Shak.

2. Having the nature or appearance of turf.

3. Of or pertaining to the turf, or horse racing.

Turgent <Xpage=1552>

Tur"gent (?) , a. [L. turgens , -entis , p. pr. of turgere to swell.] 1. Rising into a tumor, or a puffy state; swelling; tumid; as, turgent humors .

2. Inflated; bombastic; turgid; pompous.

Recompensed with turgent titles. Burton.

Turgesce <Xpage=1552>

Tur*gesce" (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Turgesced (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Turgescing (?) .] [L. turgescere , v. incho. fr. turgere to swell.] To become turgid; to swell or be inflated. [R.]

Turgescence, Turgescency <Xpage=1552>

Tur*ges"cence (?) , Tur*ges"cen*cy (?) , n. [Cf. F. turgescence . See Turgescent .] 1. The act of swelling, or the state of being swollen, or turgescent.

Sir T. Browne.

2. Empty magnificence or pompousness; inflation; bombast; turgidity.

Johnson.

Turgescent <Xpage=1552>

Tur*ges"cent (?) , a. [L. turgescens , -entis , p. pr. of turgescere : cf. F. turgescent . See Turgesce .] Becoming turgid or inflated; swelling; growing big.

Turgid <Xpage=1552>

Tur"gid (?) , a. [L. turgidus , from turgere to swell.] 1. Distended beyond the natural state by some internal agent or expansive force; swelled; swollen; bloated; inflated; tumid; -- especially applied to an enlarged part of the body; as, a turgid limb; turgid fruit .

A bladder . . . held near the fire grew turgid . Boyle.

2. Swelling in style or language; vainly ostentatious; bombastic; pompous; as, a turgid style of speaking .

-- Tur"gid*ly (#) , adv. -- Tur"gid*ness , n.

Turgidity <Xpage=1552>

Tur*gid"i*ty (?) , n. The quality or state of being turgid.

Turgidous <Xpage=1552>

Tur"gid*ous (?) , a. Turgid. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

Turio <Xpage=1552>

Tu"ri*o (?) , n. ; pl. Turiones (#) . [L.] (Bot.) A shoot or sprout from the ground.

Gray.

Turiole <Xpage=1552>

Tu"ri*ole (?) , n. The golden oriole. [Prov. Eng.]

Turion <Xpage=1552>

Tu"ri*on (?) , n. (Bot.) Same as Turio .

Turioniferous <Xpage=1552>

Tu`ri*o*nif"er*ous (?) , a. [L. turio a sprout + -ferous .] Producing shoots, as asparagus.

Barton.

Turk <Xpage=1552>

Turk (?) , n. [Per. Turk ; probably of Tartar origin: cf. F. Turc .] 1. A member of any of numerous Tartar tribes of Central Asia, etc.; esp., one of the dominant race in Turkey.

2. A native or inhabitant of Turkey.

3. A Mohammedan; esp., one living in Turkey.