Chapter 1773

Trou"ba*dour` (?) , n. [F. troubadour , fr. Pr. trobador , (assumed) LL. tropator a singer, tropare to sing, fr. tropus a kind of singing, a melody, song, L. tropus a trope, a song, Gr. <?/ a turn, way, manner, particular mode in music, a trope. See Trope , and cf. Trouv<?/re .] One of a school of poets who flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth century, principally in Provence, in the south of France, and also in the north of Italy. They invented, and especially cultivated, a kind of lyrical poetry characterized by intricacy of meter and rhyme, and usually of a romantic, amatory strain.

Troublable <Xpage=1544>

Trou"bla*ble (?) , a. Causing trouble; troublesome. [Obs.] troublable ire."

Chaucer.

Trouble <Xpage=1544>

Trou"ble (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Troubled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Troubling .] [F. troubler , OF. trobler , trubler , tourbler ,fr. (assumed) LL. turbulare , L. turbare to disorderly group, a little crowd; both from turba a disorder, tumult, crowd; akin to Gr. <?/, and perhaps to E. thorp ; cf. Skr. tvar , tur ,o hasten. Cf. Turbid .] 1. To put into confused motion; to disturb; to agitate.

An angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water. John v. 4.

God looking forth will trouble all his host. Milton.

2. To disturb; to perplex; to afflict; to distress; to grieve; to fret; to annoy; to vex.

Now is my soul troubled . John xii. 27.

Take the boy to you; he so troubles me 'T is past enduring. Shak.

Never trouble yourself about those faults which age will cure. Locke.

3. To give occasion for labor to; -- used in polite phraseology; as, I will not trouble you to deliver the letter .

Syn. -- To disturb; perplex; afflict; distress; grieve; harass; annoy; tease; vex; molest.

Trouble <Xpage=1544>

Trou"ble (?) , a. Troubled; dark; gloomy. [Obs.] "With full trouble cheer."

Chaucer.

Trouble <Xpage=1544>

Trou"ble , n. [F. trouble , OF. troble , truble . See Trouble , v. t. ] 1. The state of being troubled; disturbance; agitation; uneasiness; vexation; calamity.

Lest the fiend . . . some new trouble raise . Milton.

Foul whisperings are abroad; unnatural deeds Do breed unnatural troubles . Shak.

2. That which gives disturbance, annoyance, or vexation; that which afflicts.

3. (Mining) A fault or interruption in a stratum.

To get into trouble , to get into difficulty or danger. [Colloq.] -- To take the trouble , to be at the pains; to exert one's self; to give one's self inconvenience.

She never took the trouble to close them. Bryant.

Syn. -- Affliction; disturbance; perplexity; annoyance; molestation; vexation; inconvenience; calamity; misfortune; adversity; embarrassment; anxiety; sorrow; misery.

Troubler <Xpage=1544>

Trou"bler (?) , n. One who troubles or disturbs; one who afflicts or molests; a disturber; as, a troubler of the peace .

The rich troublers of the world's repose. Waller.

Troublesome <Xpage=1544>

Trou"ble*some (?) , a. Giving trouble or anxiety; vexatious; burdensome; wearisome.

This troublesome world. Book of Common Prayer.

These troublesome disguises that we wear. Milton.

My mother will never be troublesome to me. Pope.

Syn. -- Uneasy; vexatious; perplexing; harassing; annoying; disgusting; irksome; afflictive; burdensome; tiresome; wearisome; importunate.

-- Trou"ble*some*ly , adv. -- Trou"ble*some*ness , n.

Troublous <Xpage=1544>

Trou"blous (?) , a. Full of trouble; causing trouble. "In doubtful time of troublous need."

Byron.

A tall ship tossed in troublous seas. Spenser.

Trou-de-loup <Xpage=1544>

Trou"-de-loup" (?) , n. ; pl . Trous-de-loup (<?/) [F. trou hole + de of + loup wolf.] (Mil.) A pit in the form of an inverted cone or pyramid, constructed as an obstacle to the approach of an enemy, and having a pointed stake in the middle. The pits are called also trapholes .

Trough <Xpage=1544>

Trough (?) , n. [OE. trough , trogh , AS. trog , troh ; akin to D., G., & Icel. trog , Sw. tr\'86g , Dan. trug ; probably originally meaning, made of wood, and akin to E. tree . <?/ & 241. See Tree , and cf. Trug .] 1. A long, hollow vessel, generally for holding water or other liquid, especially one formed by excavating a log longitudinally on one side; a long tray; also, a wooden channel for conveying water, as to a mill wheel.

2. Any channel, receptacle, or depression, of a long and narrow shape; as, trough between two ridges, etc .

Trough gutter (Arch.) , a rectangular or V-shaped gutter, usually hung below the eaves of a house. -- Trough of the sea , the depression between two waves.

Trough-shell <Xpage=1544>

Trough"-shell` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any bivalve shell of the genus Mactra. See Mactra .

Troul <Xpage=1544>

Troul (?) , v. t. & i. See Troll .

Trounce <Xpage=1544>

Trounce (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Trounced (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Trouncing (?) .] [F. tronce , tronche , a stump, piece of wood. See Truncheon .] To punish or beat severely; to whip smartly; to flog; to castigate. [Colloq.]

Troupe <Xpage=1544>

Troupe (?) , n. [F., troop. See Troop .] A company or troop, especially the company pf performers in a play or an opera.

Troupial <Xpage=1544>

Troup"i*al (?) , n. [F. troupiale .] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of bright-colored American birds belonging to Icterus and allied genera, especially Icterus icterus , a native of the West Indies and South America. Many of the species are called orioles in America. [Written also troopial .]

Trouse <Xpage=1544>

Trouse (?) , n. Trousers. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Trousering <Xpage=1544>

Trou"ser*ing (?) , n. Cloth or material for making trousers.

Trousers <Xpage=1544>

Trou"sers (?) , n. pl. [OF. trousses breeches worn by pages, from trousse , trosse , a bundle, a truss. See Truss , and cf. Trossers , Trouse .] A garment worn by men and boys, extending from the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering each leg separately. <--; also, pants ; used attrib. in the singular, as a trouser leg; see pant -->

Trousseau <Xpage=1544>

Trous`seau" (?) , n. [F., fr. OF. trossel , dim. of trousse a bundle, truss. See Truss .] The collective lighter equipments or outfit of a bride, including clothes, jewelry, and the like; especially, that which is provided for her by her family.

Trout <Xpage=1544>

Trout (?) , n. [AS. truht , L. tructa , tructus ; akin to Gr. <?/ a sea fish with sharp teeth, fr. <?/ to gnaw.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of fishes belonging to Salmo , Salvelinus , and allied genera of the family Salmonid\'91 . They are highly esteemed as game fishes and for the quality of their flesh. All the species breed in fresh water, but after spawning many of them descend to the sea if they have an opportunity.

<page="1545"> Page 1545

&hand; The most important European species are the river, or brown, trout ( Salmo fario ), the salmon trout, and the sewen. The most important American species are the brook, speckled, or red-spotted, trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) of the Northern United States and Canada; the red-spotted trout, or Dolly Varden (see Malma ); the lake trout (see Namaycush ); the black-spotted, mountain, or silver, trout ( Salmo purpuratus ); the golden, or rainbow, trout (see under Rainbow ); the blueback trout (see Oquassa ); and the salmon trout (see under Salmon .) The European trout has been introduced into America.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of marine fishes more or less resembling a trout in appearance or habits, but not belonging to the same family, especially the California rock trouts, the common squeteague, and the southern, or spotted, squeteague; -- called also salt-water trout , sea trout , shad trout , and gray trout . See Squeteague , and Rock trout under Rock .

Trout perch (Zo\'94l.) , a small fresh-water American fish ( Percopsis guttatus ), allied to the trout, but resembling a perch in its scales and mouth.

Troutbird <Xpage=1545>

Trout"bird` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The American golden plover. [Local, U. S.]

Trout-colored <Xpage=1545>

Trout"-col`ored (?) , a. White, with spots of black, bay, or sorrel; as, a trout-colored horse .

Troutlet <Xpage=1545>

Trout"let (?) , n. A little trout; a troutling.

Hood.

Troutling <Xpage=1545>

Trout"ling (?) , n. A little trout; a troutlet.

Trouv\'8are, Trouveur <Xpage=1545>

Trou`v\'8are" (?) , Trou`veur" (?) , n. [F. trouveur , trouv\'8are . See Troubadour .] One of a school of poets who flourished in Northern France from the eleventh to the fourteenth century.

Trover <Xpage=1545>

Tro"ver (?) , n. [OF. trover , truver , to find, F. trouver ; probably originally, to invent or compose (melodies), fr. (assumed) LL. tropare . See Troubadour , Trope , and cf. Contrive , Reirieve , Trouveur .] (Law) (a) The gaining possession of any goods, whether by finding or by other means. (b) An action to recover damages against one who found goods, and would not deliver them to the owner on demand; an action which lies in any case to recover the value of goods wrongfully converted by another to his own use. In this case the finding , though alleged, is an immaterial fact; the injury lies in the conversion .

Trow <Xpage=1545>

Trow (?) , n. A boat with an open well amidships. It is used in spearing fish.

Knight.

Trow <Xpage=1545>

Trow (?) , v. i. & t. [OE. trowen , AS. tre\'a2wan to trust, believe, fr. tre\'a2w trust, tre\'a2we true, faithful. See True .] To believe; to trust; to think or suppose. [Archaic]

So that ye trow in Christ, and you baptize. Chaucer.

A better priest, I trow , there nowhere none is. Chaucer.

It never yet was worn, I trow . Tennyson.

&hand; I trow , or trow alone, was formerly sometimes added to questions to express contemptuous or indignant surprise.

What tempest, I trow , threw this whale . . . ashore? Shak.

What is the matter, trow ? Shak.

Trowel <Xpage=1545>

Trow"el (?) , n. [OE. truel , OF. truele , F. truelle , LL. truella , L. trulla , dim. of trua a ladle; probably akin to Gr. <?/ a stirrer, ladle, G. quirl a stirrer, MHG. twirel , OHG. dwiril , Icel. &thorn;vara , AS. &thorn;wiril . Cf. Twirl .] 1. A mason's tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them.

2. A gardener's tool, somewhat like a scoop, used in taking up plants, stirring the earth, etc.

3. (Founding) A tool used for smoothing a mold.

Trowel bayonet . See Spade bayonet , under Spade . -- Fish trowel . See Fish slice , under Fish .

Troweled <Xpage=1545>

Trow"eled (?) . Formed with a trowel; smoothed with a trowel; as, troweled stucco, that is, stucco laid on and ready for the reception of paint . [Written also trowelled .]

Trowelful <Xpage=1545>

Trow"el*ful (?) , n. ; pl. Trowelfuls (<?/) . As much as a trowel will hold; enough to fill a trowel.

Trowl <Xpage=1545>

Trowl (?) , n. See Troll .

Trowsed <Xpage=1545>

Trowsed (?) , a. Wearing trousers. [Obs.]

Trowsers <Xpage=1545>

Trow"sers (?) , n. pl. Same as Trousers .

Troy <Xpage=1545>

Troy (?) , n. Troy weight.

Troy weight , the weight which gold and silver, jewels, and the like, are weighed. It was so named from Troyes , in France, where it was first adopted in Europe. The troy ounce is supposed to have been brought from Cairo during the crusades. In this weight the pound is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 20 pennyweights, and the pennyweight into 24 grains; hence, the troy ounce contains 480 grains, and the troy pound contains 5760 grains. The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 troy grains; so that 175 pounds troy equal 144 pounds avoirdupois, or 1 pound troy = 0.82286 of a pound avoirdupois, and 1 ounce troy = 1<frac17x175/ or 1.09714 ounce avoirdupois. Troy weight when divided, the pound into 12 ounces, the ounce into 8 drams, the dram into 3 scruples, and the scruple into 20 grains, is called apothecaries' weight , used in weighing medicines, etc. In the standard weights of the United States, the troy ounce is divided decimally down to the <frac1x10000/ part.

Troyounce <Xpage=1545>

Troy"ounce (?) , n. See Troy ounce , under Troy weight , above, and under Ounce .

Truage <Xpage=1545>

Tru"age (?) , n. [Cf. OF. truage a tax. See True .] 1. A pledge of truth or peace made on payment of a tax. [Obs.]

Ld. Berners.

2. A tax or impost; tribute. [Obs.]

R. of Gloucester.

Truancy <Xpage=1545>

Tru"an*cy (?) , n. The act of playing truant, or the state of being truant; as, addicted to truancy .

Truand <Xpage=1545>

Tru"and (?) (<?/) , n. & a. See Truant . [Obs.]

Truant <Xpage=1545>

Tru"ant , n. [F. truand , OF. truant , a vagrant, beggar; of Celtic origin; cf. W. tru , truan , wretched, miserable, truan a wretch, Ir. trogha miserable, Gael. truaghan a poor, distressed, or wretched creature, truagh wretched.] One who stays away from business or any duty; especially, one who stays out of school without leave; an idler; a loiterer; a shirk.

Dryden.

I have a truant been to chivalry. Shak.

To play truant , to stray away; to loiter; especially, to stay out of school without leave.

Sir T. Browne

Truant <Xpage=1545>

Tru"ant , a. Wandering from business or duty; loitering; idle, and shirking duty; as, a truant boy .

While truant Jove, in infant pride, Played barefoot on Olympus' side. Trumbull.

Truant <Xpage=1545>

Tru"ant , v. i. [Cf. F. truander .] To idle away time; to loiter, or wander; to play the truant.

Shak.

By this means they lost their time and truanted on the fundamental grounds of saving knowledge. Lowell.

Truant <Xpage=1545>

Tru"ant , v. t. To idle away; to waste. [R.]

I dare not be the author Of truanting the time. Ford.

Truantly <Xpage=1545>

Tru"ant*ly , adv. Like a truant; in idleness.

Truantship <Xpage=1545>

Tru"ant*ship , n. The conduct of a truant; neglect of employment; idleness; truancy.

Ascham.

Trub <Xpage=1545>

Trub (?) , n. [Cf. Truffle .] A truffle. [Obs.]

Trubtall <Xpage=1545>

Trub"tall` (?) , n. [Prov. E. trub slut; cf. Sw. trubbig stumpy.] A short, squat woman. [Obs.]

Ainsworth.

Trubu <Xpage=1545>

Tru*bu" (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) An East India herring ( Clupea toli ) which is extensively caught for the sake of its roe and for its flesh.

Truce <Xpage=1545>

Truce (?) , n. [OE. trewes , triwes , treowes , pl. of trewe a truce, properly, pledge of fidelity, truth, AS. tre\'a2w fidelity, faith, troth. See True .] 1. (Mil.) A suspension of arms by agreement of the commanders of opposing forces; a temporary cessation of hostilities, for negotiation or other purpose; an armistice.

2. Hence, intermission of action, pain, or contest; temporary cessation; short quiet.

Where he may likeliest find Truce to his restless thoughts. Milton.

Flag of truce (Mil.) , a white flag carried or exhibited by one of the hostile parties, during the flying of which hostilities are suspended. -- Truce of God , a suspension of arms promulgated by the church, which occasionally took place in the Middle Ages, putting a stop to private hostilities at or within certain periods.

Trucebreaker <Xpage=1545>

Truce"break`er (?) , n. One who violates a truce, covenant, or engagement.

Truceless <Xpage=1545>

Truce"less , a. Without a truce; unforbearing.

Two minds in one, and each a truceless guest. H. Brooke.

Truchman <Xpage=1545>

Truch"man (?) , n. [Cf. F. trucheman . See Dragoman .] An interpreter. See Dragoman . [Obs.]

And after, by the tongue, Her truchman , she reports the mind's each throw. B. Jonson.

Trucidation <Xpage=1545>

Tru`ci*da"tion (?) , n. [L. trucidatio , fr. trucidare to slaughter.] The act of killing. [Obs.]

Truck <Xpage=1545>

Truck (?) , n. [L. trochus an iron hoop, Gr. <?/ a wheel, fr. <?/ to run. See Trochee , and cf. Truckle , v. i. ] 1. A small wheel, as of a vehicle; specifically (Ord.) , a small strong wheel, as of wood or iron, for a gun carriage.

2. A low, wheeled vehicle or barrow for carrying goods, stone, and other heavy articles.

Goods were conveyed about the town almost exclusively in trucks drawn by dogs. Macaulay.

3. (Railroad Mach.) A swiveling carriage, consisting of a frame with one or more pairs of wheels and the necessary boxes, springs, etc., to carry and guide one end of a locomotive or a car; -- sometimes called bogie in England. Trucks usually have four or six wheels.

4. (Naut.) (a) A small wooden cap at the summit of a flagstaff or a masthead, having holes in it for reeving halyards through. (b) A small piece of wood, usually cylindrical or disk-shaped, used for various purposes.

5. A freight car. [Eng.]

6. A frame on low wheels or rollers; -- used for various purposes, as for a movable support for heavy bodies. <-- = MW10 2nd Truck 3(c) -->