Chapter 1744

Tonic sol-fa (Mus.) , the name of the most popular among letter systems of notation (at least in England), based on key relationship, and hence called "tonic." Instead of the five lines, clefs, signature, etc., of the usual notation, it employs letters and the syllables do , re , mi , etc., variously modified, with other simple signs of duration, of upper or lower octave, etc. See Sol-fa .

Tonical <Xpage=1517>

Ton"ic*al (?) , a. Tonic. [R.] Sir T. Browne .

Tonicicty <Xpage=1517>

To*nic"ic*ty (?) , n. (Physiol.) The state of healty tension or partial contraction of muscae fibers while at rest; tone; tonus.

Tonight <Xpage=1517>

To*night" (?) , adv. [Prep. to + night ] 1. On this present or coming night.

2. On the last night past. [Obs.]

Shak.

Tonight <Xpage=1517>

To*night" , n. The present or the coming night; the night after the present day.

Tonite <Xpage=1517>

Ton"ite (?) , n. [Cf.L. tonare to thunder.] An explosive compound; a preparation of gun cotton.

Tonka bean <Xpage=1517>

Ton"ka bean` (?) . [Cf. F. onca , tonka .] (Bot.) The seed of a leguminous tree ( Dipteryx odorata ), native of Guiana. It has a peculiarly agreeable smell, and is employed in the scenting of snuff. Called also tiononquin bean . [Written also tonca bean , tonga bean .]

Tonnage <Xpage=1517>

Ton"nage (?; 48) , n. [From Ton a measure.]

1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or a ship.

2. The cubical content or burden of a vessel, or vessels, in tons; or, the amount of weight which one or several vessels may carry. See Ton , n. (b) .

A fleet . . . with an aggregate tonnage of 60,000 seemed sufficient to conquer the world. Motley.

3. A duty or impost on vessels, estimated per ton, or, a duty, toll, or rate payable on goods per ton transported on canals .

4. The whole amount of shipping estimated by tons; as, the tonnage of the United States . See Ton .

&hand; There are in common use the following terms relating to tonnage: ( a ) Displacement. ( b ) Register tonnage, gross and net. ( c ) Freight tonnage. ( d ) Builders' measurement. ( e ) Yacht measurement. The first is mainly used for war vessels, where the total weight is likely to be nearly constant. The second is the most important, being that used for commercial purposes. The third and fourth are different rules for ascertaining the actual burden-carrying power of a vessel, and the fifth is for the proper classification of pleasure craft. Gross tonnage expresses the total cubical interior of a vessel; net tonnage , the cubical space actually available for freight-carrying purposes. Rules for ascertaining these measurements are established by law.

Tonne <Xpage=1517>

Tonne (?) , n. A tun. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Tonnihood <Xpage=1517>

Ton"ni*hood (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The female of the bullfinch; -- called also tonyhoop . [Prov. Eng.]

Tonnish <Xpage=1517>

Ton"nish (?) , a. In the ton; fashionable; modish. -- Ton"nish*ness , n.

Tonometer <Xpage=1517>

To*nom"e*ter (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a stretching, a tone + -meter .] 1. (Physics.) An instrument for determining the rate of vibrations in tones.

2. (Physiol.) (a) An apparatus for studying and registering the action of various fluids and drugs on the excised heart of lower animals. (b) An instrument for measuring tension, esp. that of the eyeball.

Tonometry <Xpage=1517>

To*nom"e*try (?) , n. The act of measuring with a tonometer; specifically (Med.) , measurement of tension, esp. the tension of the eyeball.

Tonophant <Xpage=1517>

Ton"o*phant (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a tone + <?/ to show.] (Physics.) A modification of the kaleidophon, for showing composition of acoustic vibrations. It consists of two thin slips of steel welded together, their length being adjystable by a screw socket.

Tonous <Xpage=1517>

Ton"ous (?) , a. Abounding in tone or sound.

Tonquin bean <Xpage=1517>

Ton"quin bean` (?) See Tonka bean .

Tonsil <Xpage=1517>

Ton"sil (?) , n. [L. tonsill <?/, pl.: cf. F. tonsille . ] (Anat.) One of the two glandular organs situated in the throat at the sides of the fauces. The tonsils are sometimes called the almonds , from their shape.

Tonsilar <Xpage=1517>

Ton"sil*ar (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the tonsils; tonsilitic. [Written also tonsillar .]

Tonsile <Xpage=1517>

Ton"sile (?) , a. [L. tonsilis , fr. tondere , tonsum , to shear, clip. See Tonsure . ] Capable of being clipped.

Tonsilitic <Xpage=1517>

Ton`sil*it"ic (?) , a. (Anat.) Tonsilar. [Written also tonsillitic .]

Tonsilitis <Xpage=1517>

Ton`sil*i"tis (?) , n. [NL. See Tonsil , and -itis .] (Med.) Inflammation of the tonsil; quinsy. [Written also, and more usually, tonsillitis .]

Tonsilotome <Xpage=1517>

Ton*sil"o*tome (?) , n. [ Tonsil + Gr. <?/ to cut.] (Surg.) An instrument for removing the tonsils.

Tonsilotomy <Xpage=1517>

Ton`sil*ot"o*my (?) , n. (Surg.) The operation of removing the tonsil, or a portion thereof.

Tonsor <Xpage=1517>

Ton"sor (?) , n. [L.] A barber. Sir W. Scott .

Tonsorial <Xpage=1517>

Ton*so"ri*al (?) , a. [L. tonsorius , fr. tonsor a shearer, barber, fr. tondere , tonsum , to shear. See Tonsure .] Of or pertaining to a barber, or shaving.

Tonsure <Xpage=1517>

Ton"sure (?) , n. [F., fr. L. tonsura a shearing, clipping, from tondere , tonsum , to shear, shave; cf. Gr. <?/ to gnaw; perhaps akin to Gr. <?/ to cut, and E. tome .] 1. The act of clipping the hair, or of shaving the crown of the head; also, the state of being shorn.

2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of God and the church; the first degree of the clericate, given by a bishop, abbot, or cardinal priest, consisting in cutting off the hair from a circular space at the back of the head, with prayers and benedictions; hence, entrance or admission into minor orders. (b) The shaven corona, or crown, which priests wear as a mark of their order and of their rank.

Tonsured <Xpage=1517>

Ton"sured (?) , a. Having the tonsure; shaven; shorn; clipped; hence, bald.

A tonsured head in middle age forlorn. Tennyson.

Tontine <Xpage=1517>

Ton*tine" (?) , n. [F., from It. tontina ; -- so called from its inventor, Tonti , an Italian, of the 17th century.] An annuity, with the benefit of survivorship, or a loan raised on life annuities with the benefit of survivorship. Thus, an annuity is shared among a number, on the principle that the share of each, at his death, is enjoyed by the survivors, until at last the whole goes to the last survivor, or to the last two or three, according to the terms on which the money is advanced. Used also adjectively; as, tontine insurance .

Too many of the financiers by professions are apt to see nothing in revenue but banks, and circulations, and annuities on lives, and tontines , and perpetual rents, and all the small wares of the shop. Burke.

Tonus <Xpage=1517>

To"nus (?) , n. [L. a sound, tone. See Tone .] (Physiol.) Tonicity, or tone; as, muscular tonus .

Tony <Xpage=1517>

To"ny (?) , n. ; pl. Tonies (#) . [Abbrev. from Anthony .] A simpleton.

L'Estrange.

A pattern and companion fit For all the keeping tonies of the pit. Dryden.

Too <Xpage=1517>

Too (?) , adv. [The same word as to , prep. See To .]

1. Over; more than enough; -- noting excess; as, a thing is too long, too short, or too wide; too high; too many; too much .

His will, too strong to bend, too proud to learn. Cowley.

2. Likewise; also; in addition.

An honest courtier, yet a patriot too . Pope.

Let those eyes that view The daring crime, behold the vengeance too . Pope.

Too too , a duplication used to signify great excess.

O that this too too solid flesh would melt. Shak.

Such is not Charles his too too active age. Dryden.

Syn. -- Also; likewise. See Also .

Took <Xpage=1517>

Took (?) , imp. of Take .

Tool <Xpage=1517>

Tool (?) , n. [OE. tol , tool . AS. t <?/ l ; akin to Icel. t <?/ l , Goth. taijan to do, to make, taui deed, work, and perhaps to E. taw to dress leather. &root;64.] 1. An instrument such as a hammer, saw, plane, file, and the like, used in the manual arts, to facilitate mechanical operations; any instrument used by a craftsman or laborer at his work; an implement; as, the tools of a joiner, smith, shoe-maker, etc. ; also, a cutter, chisel, or other part of an instrument or machine that dresses work.

2. A machine for cutting or shaping materials; -- also called machine tool .

3. Hence, any instrument of use or service.

That angry fool . . . Whipping her house, did with his amarting tool Oft whip her dainty self. Spenser.

4. A weapon. [Obs.]

Him that is aghast of every tool . Chaucer.

5. A person used as an instrument by another person; -- a word of reproach; as, men of intrigue have their tools , by whose agency they accomplish their purposes .

I was not made for a minion or a tool . Burks.

Tool <Xpage=1517>

Tool (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. tooled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. tooling .] 1. To shape, form, or finish with a tool. "Elaborately tooled ."

Ld. Lytton.

2. To drive, as a coach. [Slang,Eng.]

Tooling <Xpage=1517>

Tool"ing , n. Work perfomed with a tool.

The fine tooling and delicate tracery of the cabinet artist is lost upon a building of colossal proportions. De Quincey.

Tool-post, Tool-stock <Xpage=1517>

Tool"-post` (?) , Tool"-stock` (?) , n. (Mach.) The part of a toolrest in which a cutting tool is clamped.

Tool-rest <Xpage=1517>

Tool"-rest` (?) , n. (Mach.) the part that supports a tool-post or a tool.

Toom <Xpage=1517>

Toom (?) , a. [OE. tom , fr. Icel. t\'d3mr ; akin to Dan. & Sw. tom , As. t\'d3me , adv. Cf. Teem to pour.] Empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]

Wyclif.

Toom <Xpage=1517>

Toom , v. t. To empty. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]

Toon <Xpage=1517>

Toon (?) , obs. pl. of Toe .

Chaucer.

Toon <Xpage=1517>

Toon (?) , n. [Hind. tun , t\'d4n , Skr. tunna .] (Bot.) The reddish brown wood of an East Indian tree ( Cedrela Toona ) closely resembling the Spanish cedar; also. the tree itself.

Toonwood <Xpage=1517>

Toon"wood` (?) , n. (Bot.) Same as Toon .

Toot <Xpage=1517>

Toot (?) , v. i. [OE. toten , AS. totian to project; hence, to peep out.] [Written also tout .] 1. To stand out, or be prominent. [Obs.]

Howell.

2. To peep; to look narrowly. [Obs.]

Latimer.

For birds in bushes tooting . Spenser.

Toot <Xpage=1517>

Toot , v. t. To see; to spy. [Obs.]

P. Plowman.

Toot <Xpage=1517>

Toot , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Tooted (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Tooting .] [Cf. D. toeten to blow a horn, G. tuten , Sw. tuta , Dan. tude ; probably of imitative origin.] To blow or sound a horn; to make similar noise by contact of the tongue with the root of the upper teeth at the beginning and end of the sound; also, to give forth such a sound, as a horn when blown. "A tooting horn."

Howell.

Tooting horns and rattling teams of mail coaches. Thackeray.

Toot <Xpage=1517>

Toot , v. t. To cause to sound, as a horn, the note being modified at the beginning and end as if by pronouncing the letter t ; to blow; to sound.

Tooter <Xpage=1517>

Toot"er (?) , n. One who toots; one who plays upon a pipe or horn.

B. Jonson.

Tooth <Xpage=1517>

Tooth (?) , n. ; pl> Teeth (#) . [OE. toth , tooth , AS. t <?/; akin to OFries. t <?/ th , OS. & D. tand , OHG. zang , zan , G. zahn , Icel. t <?/ nn , Sw. & Dan. tand , Goth. tumpus , Lith. dantis , W. dant , L. dens , dentis , Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. danta ; probably originally the p. pr. of the verb to eat . \'fb239. Cf. Eat , Dandelion , Dent the tooth of a wheel, Dental , Dentist , Indent , Tine of a fork, Tusk . ] 1. (Anat.) One of the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates, and which usually aid in the prehension and mastication of food.

&hand; The hard parts of teeth are principally made up of dentine , or ivory, and a very hard substance called enamel . These are variously combined in different animals. Each tooth consist of three parts, a crown , or body, projecting above the gum, one or more fangs imbedded in the jaw, and the neck , or intermediate part. In some animals one or more of the teeth are modified into tusks which project from the mouth, as in both sexes of the elephant and of the walrus, and in the male narwhal.

In adult man there are thirty-two teeth, composed largely of dentine, but the crowns are covered with enamel, and the fangs with a layer of bone called cementum . Of the eight teeth on each half of each jaw, the two in front are incisors , then come one canine , cuspid, or dog tooth, two bicuspids , or false molars, and three molars , or grinding teeth. The milk, or temporary, teeth are only twenty in number, there being two incisors, one canine, and two molars on each half of each jaw. The last molars, or wisdom teeth, usually appear long after the others, and occasionally do not appear above the jaw at all.

How sharper than a serpent's tooth it is To have a thankless child ! Shak.

2. Fig.: Taste; palate.

These are not dishes for thy dainty tooth . Dryden.

3. Any projection corresponding to the tooth of an animal, in shape, position, or office; as, the teeth , or cogs, of a cogwheel; a tooth , prong, or tine, of a fork; a tooth , or the teeth , of a rake, a saw, a file, a card .

4. (a) A projecting member resembling a tenon, but fitting into a mortise that is only sunk, not pierced through. (b) One of several steps, or offsets, in a tusk . See Tusk .

<page="1518"> Page 1518

5. (Nat. Hist.) An angular or prominence on any edge; as, a tooth on the scale of a fish, or on a leaf of a plant ; specifically (Bot.) , one of the appendages at the mouth of the capsule of a moss. See Peristome .

6. (Zo\'94l.) Any hard calcareous or chitinous organ found in the mouth of various invertebrates and used in feeding or procuring food; as, the teeth of a mollusk or a starfish .

In spite of the teeth , in defiance of opposition; in opposition to every effort. -- In the teeth , directly; in direct opposition; in front. "Nor strive with all the tempest in my teeth ." Pope . -- To cast in the teeth , to report reproachfully; to taunt or insult one with. -- Tooth and nail , as if by biting and scratching; with one's utmost power; by all possible means. L'Estrange . "I shall fight tooth and nail for international copyright." Charles Reade . -- Tooth coralline (Zo\'94l.) , any sertularian hydroid. -- Tooth edge , the sensation excited in the teeth by grating sounds, and by the touch of certain substances, as keen acids. -- Tooth key , an instrument used to extract teeth by a motion resembling that of turning a key. -- Tooth net , a large fishing net anchored. [Scot.] Jamieson . -- Tooth ornament . (Arch.) Same as Dogtooth , n. , 2. <-- Tooth paste , a paste for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. --> -- Tooth powder , a powder for cleaning the teeth; a dentifrice. -- Tooth rash . (Med.) See Red-gum , 1. -- To show the teeth , to threaten. "When the Law shows her teeth , but dares not bite." Young . -- To the teeth , in open opposition; directly to one's face. "That I shall live, and tell him to his teeth ." Shak .

Tooth <Xpage=1518>

Tooth (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Toothed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Toothing .] 1. To furnish with teeth.

The twin cards toothed with glittering wire. Wordsworth.

2. To indent; to jag; as, to tooth a saw .

3. To lock into each other. See Tooth , n. , 4.

Moxon.

Toothache <Xpage=1518>

Tooth"ache` (?) , n. (Med.) Pain in a tooth or in the teeth; odontalgia.

Toothache grass (Bot.) , a kind of grass ( Ctenium Americanum ) having a very pungent taste. -- Toothache tree . (Bot.) (a) The prickly ash. (b) A shrub of the genus Aralia ( A. spinosa ).

Toothback <Xpage=1518>

Tooth"back` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any notodontian.

Toothbill <Xpage=1518>

Tooth"bill` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar fruit-eating ground pigeon ( Didunculus strigiostris ) native of the Samoan Islands, and noted for its resemblance, in several characteristics, to the extinct dodo. Its beak is stout and strongly hooked, and the mandible has two or three strong teeth toward the end. or ts color is chocolate red. Called also toothbilled pigeon , and manu-mea .

Toothbrush <Xpage=1518>

Tooth"brush` (?) , n. A brush for cleaning the teeth.

Toothdrawer <Xpage=1518>

Tooth"draw`er (?) , n. One whose business it is to extract teeth with instruments; a dentist.

Shak.

Toothed <Xpage=1518>

Toothed (?) , a. 1. Having teeth; furnished with teeth. "Ruby-lipped and toothed with pearl."

Herrick.

2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Having marginal projecting points; dentate.

Toothed whale (Zo\'94l.) , any whale of the order Denticete. See Denticete . -- Toothed wheel , a wheel with teeth or projections cut or set on its edge or circumference, for transmitting motion by their action on the engaging teeth of another wheel.

Toothful <Xpage=1518>