Chapter 1743

Tom"fool` (?) , n. [ Tom (see Tomboy ) + fool .] A great fool; a trifler.

Tomfoolery <Xpage=1516>

Tom`fool"er*y (?) , n. Folly; trifling.

Tomium <Xpage=1516>

To"mi*um (?) , n. ; pl . Tomia (#) [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to cut.] (Zo\'94l.) The cutting edge of the bill of a bird.

Tomjohn <Xpage=1516>

Tom"john` (?) , n. [Probably of East Indian origin.] A kind of open sedan used in Ceylon, carried by a single pole on men's shoulders.

Tommy <Xpage=1516>

Tom"my (?) , n. 1. Bread, -- generally a penny roll; the supply of food carried by workmen as their daily allowance. [Slang,Eng.]

2. A truck, or barter; the exchange of labor for goods, not money. [Slang, Eng.]

&hand; Tommy is used adjectively or in compounds; as, tommy master, tommy -store, tommy -shop,etc.

Tomnoddy <Xpage=1516>

Tom"nod`dy (?) , n. [ Tom (see Tomboy ) + noddy .] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A sea bird, the puffin. [Prov.Eng.]

2. A fool; a dunce; a noddy.

Tomopteris <Xpage=1516>

To*mop"te*ris (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a cut + <?/ wing (but taken to mean, fin).] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of transparent marine annelids which swim actively at the surface of the sea. They have deeply divided or forked finlike organs (parapodia). This genus is the type of the order, or suborder, Gymnocopa.

Tomorn <Xpage=1516>

To*morn" (?) , adv. [Prep. to + morn .] To-morrow. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Tomorrow <Xpage=1516>

To*mor"row (?) , adv. [Prep. to + morrow .] On the day after the present day; on the next day; on the morrow.

Summon him to-morrow to the Tower. Shak.

Tomorrow <Xpage=1516>

To*mor"row (?) , n. The day after the present; the morrow. " To-morrow is our wedding day."

Cowper.

One today is worth two to-morrows . Franklin.

Tompion <Xpage=1516>

Tom"pi*on (?) , n. [See Tampios ] 1. A stopper of a cannon or a musket. See Tampion .

2. (Mus.) A plug in a flute or an organ pipe, to modulate the tone.

Knight.

3. The iron bottom to which grapeshot are fixed.

Tompon <Xpage=1516>

Tom"pon (?) , n. [F. tampon . See Tampion .] An inking pad used in lithographic printing.

Tomrig <Xpage=1516>

Tom"rig` (?) , n. [ Tom (see Tomboy ) + rig .)] A rude, wild, wanton girl; a hoiden; a tomboy. Dennis .

Tomtit <Xpage=1516>

Tom"tit` (?) , n. [ Tom (see Tomboy ) + tit the bird.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A titmouse, esp. the blue titmouse. [Prov.eng.] (b) The wren. [Prov.eng.]

Tom-tom <Xpage=1516>

Tom"-tom` (?) , n. See Tam-tam .

Ton <Xpage=1516>

Ton (?) , obs. pl. of Toe .

Chaucer.

Ton <Xpage=1516>

Ton (?) , n. [Cf. Tunny .] (Zo\'94l.) The common tunny, or house mackerel.

Ton <Xpage=1516>

Ton (?) , n. [F. See Tone .] The prevailing fashion or mode; vogue; as, things of ton .

Byron.

If our people of ton are selfish, at any rate they show they are selfish. Thackeray.

Bon ton . See in the Vocabulary.

Ton <Xpage=1516>

Ton (?) , n. [OE. tonne , tunne , a tun, AS . tunne a tun, tub, a large vessel; akin to G. & F. tonne a ton, tun, LL. tunna a tun; all perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. tunna a tun. Cf. Tun , Tunnel .] (Com.) A measure of weight or quantity. Specifically: --

(a) The weight of twenty hundredweight.

&hand; In England, the ton is 2,240 pounds. In the United States the ton is commonly estimated at 2,000 pounds, this being sometimes called the short ton , while that of 2,240 pounds is called the long ton .

(b) (Naut. & Com.) Forty cubic feet of space, being the unit of measurement of the burden, or carrying capacity, of a vessel; as a vessel of 300 tons burden. See the Note under Tonnage .

(c) (Naut. & Com.) A certain weight or quantity of merchandise, with reference to transportation as freight; as, six hundred weight of ship bread in casks, seven hundred weight in bags, eight hundred weight in bulk; ten bushels of potatoes; eight sacks, or ten barrels, of flour; forty cubic feet of rough, or fifty cubic feet of hewn, timber, etc.

&hand; Ton and tun have the same etymology, and were formerly used interchangeably; but now ton generally designates the weight, and tun the cask. See Tun .

Tonality <Xpage=1516>

To*nal"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. tonalit\'82 .] (Mus.) The principle of key in music; the character which a composition has by virtue of the key in which it is written, or through the family relationship of all its tones and chords to the keynote, or tonic, of the whole.

The predominance of the tonic as the link which connects all the tones of a piece, we may, with F\'82tis, term the principle of tonality . Helmholtz.

To-name <Xpage=1516>

To"-name` (?) , n. [prep. to + name .] A name added, for the sake of distinction, to one's surname, or used instead of it. [Scot.]

Jamieson.

Tonca bean <Xpage=1516>

Ton"ca bean` (?) . (Bot.) See Tonka bean .

Tone <Xpage=1516>

Tone (?) , n. [F. ton , L. tonus a sound, tone, fr. Gr. <?/ a stretching, straining, raising of the voice, pitch, accent, measure or meter, in pl., modes or keys differing in pitch; akin to <?/ to stretch or strain. See Thin , and cf. Monotonous , Thunder , Ton fasion, Tune .] 1. Sound, or the character of a sound, or a sound considered as of this or that character; as, a low, high, loud, grave, acute, sweet, or harsh tone .

[Harmony divine] smooths her charming tones . Milton.

Tones that with seraph hymns might blend. Keble.

2. (Rhet.) Accent, or inflection or modulation of the voice, as adapted to express emotion or passion.

Eager his tone , and ardent were his eyes. Dryden.

3. A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm ahd a regular rise and fall of the voice; as, children often read with a tone .

4. (Mus.) (a) A sound considered as to pitch; as, the seven tones of the octave; she has good high tones . (b) The larger kind of interval between contiguous sounds in the diatonic scale, the smaller being called a semitone as, a whole tone too flat; raise it a tone . (c) The peculiar quality of sound in any voice or instrument; as, a rich tone , a reedy tone . (d) A mode or tune or plain chant; as, the Gregorian tones .

&hand; The use of the word tone , both for a sound and for the interval between two sounds or tones, is confusing, but is common -- almost universal.

&hand; Nearly every musical sound is composite, consisting of several simultaneous tones having different rates of vibration according to fixed laws, which depend upon the nature of the vibrating body and the mode of excitation. The components (of a composite sound) are called partial tones ; that one having the lowest rate of vibration is the fundamental tone , and the other partial tones are called harmonics , or overtones . The vibration ratios of the partial tones composing any sound are expressed by all, or by a part, of the numbers in the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.; and the quality of any sound (the tone color ) is due in part to the presence or absence of overtones as represented in this series, and in part to the greater or less intensity of those present as compared with the fundamental tone and with one another. Resultant tones , combination tones , summation tones , difference tones , Tartini's tones (terms only in part synonymous) are produced by the simultaneous sounding of two or more primary (simple or composite) tones.

5. (Med.) That state of a body, or of any of its organs or parts, in which the animal functions are healthy and performed with due vigor.

&hand; In this sense, the word is metaphorically applied to character or faculties, intellectual and moral; as, his mind has lost its tone .

6. (Physiol.) Tonicity; as, arterial tone .

7. State of mind; temper; mood.

The strange situation I am in and the melancholy state of public affairs, . . . drag the mind down . . . from a philosophical tone or temper, to the drudgery of private and public business. Bolingbroke.

Their tone was dissatisfied, almost menacing. W. C. Bryant.

8. Tenor; character; spirit; drift; as, the tone of his remarks was commendatory .

9. General or prevailing character or style, as of morals, manners, or sentiment, in reference to a scale of high and low; as, a low tone of morals; a tone of elevated sentiment; a courtly tone of manners .

10. The general effect of a picture produced by the combination of light and shade, together with color in the case of a painting; -- commonly used in a favorable sense; as, this picture has tone .

Tone color . (Mus.) see the Note under def. 4, above. -- Tone syllable , an accented syllable. M. Stuart.

Tone <Xpage=1516>

Tone (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Toned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Toning .] 1. To utter with an affected tone.

2. To give tone, or a particular tone, to; to tune. See Tune , v. t.

3. (Photog.) To bring, as a print, to a certain required shade of color, as by chemical treatment.

To tone down . (a) To cause to give lower tone or sound; to give a lower tone to. (b) (Paint.) To modify, as color, by making it less brilliant or less crude; to modify, as a composition of color, by making it more harmonius.

Its thousand hues toned down harmoniusly. C. Kingsley.

(c) Fig.: To moderate or relax; to diminish or weaken the striking characteristics of; to soften.

The best method for the purpose in hand was to employ some one of a character and position suited to get possession of their confidence, and then use it to tone down their religious strictures. Palfrey.

-- To tone up , to cause to give a higher tone or sound; to give a higher tone to; to make more intense; to heighten; to strengthen.

Toned <Xpage=1516>

Toned (?) , a. Having (such) a tone; -- chiefly used in composition; as, high- toned ; sweet- toned .

Toned paper , paper having a slight tint, in distinction from paper which is quite white.

Toneless <Xpage=1516>

Tone"less (?) , a. Having no tone; unmusical.

Tong, Tonge <Xpage=1516>

Tong (?) , Tonge , n. Tongue. [Obs.] Chaucer .

Tonga <Xpage=1516>

Ton"ga (?) , n. (Med.) A drug useful in neuralgia, derived from a Fijian plant supposed to be of the aroid genus Epipremnum .

Tongkang <Xpage=1516>

Tong"kang (?) , n. (Naut.) A kind of boat or junk used in the seas of the Malay Archipelago.

Tongo <Xpage=1516>

Ton"go (?) , n. The mangrove; -- so called in the Pacific Islands.

Tongs <Xpage=1516>

Tongs (?) , n. pl. [OE. tonge , tange , AS. tange ; akin to D. tang , G. zanga , OHG. zanga , Don. tang , Sw. t <?/ ng , Icel. t <?/ ng , Gr. <?/ to bite, Skr. da <?/<?/, da <?/. &root;59. Cf. Tang a strong taste, anything projecting.] An instrument, usually of metal, consisting of two parts, or long shafts, jointed together at or near one end, or united by an elastic bow, used for handling things, especially hot coals or metals; -- often called a pair of tongs .

Tongue <Xpage=1516>

Tongue (?) , n. [OE. tunge , tonge , AS. tunge ; akin to OFries. tunge , D. tong , OS. tunga , G. zunge , OHG. zunga , Icel. & Sw. tunga , Dan tunge , Goth. tug <?/, OL. dingua , L. lingua . <?/243 Cf. Language , Lingo . ]

1. (Anat.) an organ situated in the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates and connected with the hyoid arch.

&hand; The tongue is usually muscular, mobile, and free at one extremity, and in man other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.

To make his English sweet upon his tongue . Chaucer.

2. The power of articulate utterance; speech.

Parrots imitating human tongue . Dryden.

3. Discourse; fluency of speech or expression.

Much tongue and much judgment seldom go together. L. Estrange.

4. Honorable discourse; eulogy. [Obs.]

She was born noble; let that title find her a private grave, but neither tongue nor honor. Beau. & Fl.

5. A language; the whole sum of words used by a particular nation; as, the English tongue .

Chaucer.

Whose tongue thou shalt not understand. Deut. xxviii. 49.

To speak all tongues . Milton.

6. Speech; words or declarations only; -- opposed to thoughts or actions .

My little children, let us love in word, neither in tongue , but in deed and in truth. 1 John iii. 18.

7. A people having a distinct language.

A will gather all nations and tongues . Isa. lxvi. 18.

8. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lingual ribbon, or odontophore, of a mollusk. (b) The proboscis of a moth or a butterfly. (c) The lingua of an insect.

9. (Zo\'94l.) Any small sole.

10. That which is considered as resembing an animal's tongue, in position or form. Specifically: --

(a) A projection, or slender appendage or fixture; as, the tongue of a buckle, or of a balance.

<page="1517"> Page 1517

(b) A projection on the side, as of a board, which fits into a groove.

(c) A point, or long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the mainland into a sea or a lake.

(d) The pole of a vehicle; especially, the pole of an ox cart, to the end of which the oxen are yoked.

(e) The clapper of a bell.

(f) (Naut.) A sort piece of rope spliced into the upper part of standing backstays, etc.; also. the upper main piece of a mast composed of several pieces.

(g) (Mus.) Same as Reed , n. , 5.

To hold the tongue , to be silent. -- Tongue bone (Anat.) , the hyoid bone. -- Tongue grafting . See under Grafting .

Syn. -- Language; speech; expression. See Language .

Tongue <Xpage=1517>

Tongue (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Tongued (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Tonguing .] 1. To speak; to utter. "Such stuff as madmen tongue ."

Shak.

2. To chide; to scold.

How might she tongue me. Shak .

3. (Mus.) To modulate or modify with the tongue, as notes, in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.

4. To join means of a tongue and grove; as, to tongue boards together .

Tongue <Xpage=1517>

Tongue , v. i. 1. To talk; to prate.

Dryden.

2. (Mus.) To use the tongue in forming the notes, as in playing the flute and some other wind instruments.

Tonguebird <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"bird` (?) , n. The wryneck. [Prov. Eng.]

Tongued <Xpage=1517>

Tongued (?) , a. Having a tongue.

Tongued like the night crow. Donne.

Tonguefish <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"fish` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A flounder ( Symphurus plagiusa ) native of the southern coast of the United States.

Tongueless <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"less (?) , a. 1. Having no tongue.

2. Hence, speechless; mute. "What tongueless blocks were they! would they not speak?"

Shak.

3. Unnamed; not spoken of. [Obs.]

One good deed dying tongueless . Shak.

Tonguelet <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"let (?) , n. A little tongue.

Tongue-pad <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"-pad` (?) , n. A great talker. [Obs.]

Tongue-shaped <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"-shaped` (?) , a. Shaped like a tongue; specifically (Bot.) , linear or oblong, and fleshy, blunt at the end, and convex beneath; as, a tongue-shaped leaf .

Tongue-shell <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"-shell` (?) , n. Any species of Lingula.

Tonguester <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"ster (?) , n. One who uses his tongue; a talker; a story-teller; a gossip. [Poetic.]

Step by step we rose to greatness; through the tonguesters we may fall. Tennyson.

Tongue-tie <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"-tie` (?) , n. (Med.) Impeded motion of the tongue because of the shortness of the fr\'91num, or of the adhesion of its margins to the gums.

Dunglison.

Tongue-tie <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"-tie` , v. t. To deprive of speech or the power of speech, or of distinct articulation.

Tongue-tied <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"-tied` (?) , a. 1. Destitute of the power of distinct articulation; having an impediment in the speech, esp. when caused by a short fr\'91num.

2. Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause.

Love, therefore, and tongue-tied simplicity. Shak.

Tongueworm <Xpage=1517>

Tongue"worm` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of Linguatulina.

Tonguy <Xpage=1517>

Tongu"y (?) , a. Ready or voluble in speaking; as, a tonguy speaker . [Written also tonguey .] [Colloq.]

Tonic <Xpage=1517>

Ton"ic (?) , a. [Cf. F. tonigue , Gr. <?/. See Tone .] 1. Of or relating to tones or sounds; specifically (Phon.) , applied to, or distingshing, a speech sound made with tone unmixed and undimmed by obstruction, such sounds, namely, the vowels and diphthongs, being so called by Dr. James Rush (1833) " from their forming the purest and most plastic material of intonation."

2. Of or pertaining to tension; increasing tension; hence, increasing strength; as, tonic power .

3. (Med.) Increasing strength, or the tone of the animal system; obviating the effects of debility, and restoring heatly functions.

Tononic spasm . (Med.) See the Note under Spasm .

Tonic <Xpage=1517>

Ton"ic , n. [Cf. F. tonigue , NL. tonicum .] 1. (Phon.) A tonic element or letter; a vowel or a diphthong.

2. (Mus.) The key tone, or first tone of any scale.

3. (Med.) A medicine that increases the srength, and gives vigor of action to the system.