Chapter 1719

That (?) , pron., a., conj., & adv. [AS. \'eb\'91t , neuter nom. & acc. sing. of the article (originally a demonstrative pronoun). The nom. masc. s\'c7 , and the nom. fem. se\'a2 are from a different root. AS. \'eb\'91t is akin to D. dat , G. das , OHG. daz , Sw. & Dan. det , Icel. \'edat (masc. s\'be , fem. s\'d3 ), Goth. \'edata (masc. sa , fem. s\'d3 ), Gr. <?/ (masc. <?/, fem. <?/), Skr. tat (for tad , masc. sas , fem. s\'be ); cf. L. is tud that. \'fb184. Cf. The , Their , They , Them , This , Than , Since .] 1. As a demonstrative pronoun ( pl. Those ), that usually points out, or refers to, a person or thing previously mentioned, or supposed to be understood. That , as a demonstrative, may precede the noun to which it refers; as, that which he has said is true; those in the basket are good apples.

The early fame of Gratian was equal to that of the most celebrated princes. Gibbon.

&hand; That may refer to an entire sentence or paragraph, and not merely to a word. It usually follows, but sometimes precedes, the sentence referred to.

That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked. Gen. xviii. 25.

And when Moses heard that , he was content. Lev. x. 20.

I will know your business, Harry, that I will. Shak.

&hand; That is often used in opposition to this , or by way of distinction, and in such cases this , like the Latin hic and French ceci , generally refers to that which is nearer, and that , like Latin ille and French cela , to that which is more remote. When they refer to foreign words or phrases, this generally refers to the latter, and that to the former.

Two principles in human nature reign; Self-love, to urge, and Reason, to restrain; Nor this a good, nor that a bad we call. Pope.

If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or that . James iv. 16.

2. As an adjective, that has the same demonstrative force as the pronoun, but is followed by a noun.

It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city. Matt. x. 15.

The woman was made whole from that hour. Matt. ix. 22.

&hand; That was formerly sometimes used with the force of the article the , especially in the phrases that one , that other , which were subsequently corrupted into th'tone , th'tother (now written t'other ).

Upon a day out riden knightes two . . . That one of them came home, that other not. Chaucer.

3. As a relative pronoun, that is equivalent to who or which , serving to point out, and make definite, a person or thing spoken of, or alluded to, before, and may be either singular or plural.

He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame. Prov. ix. 7.

A judgment that is equal and impartial must incline to the greater probabilities. Bp. Wilkins.

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&hand; If the relative clause simply conveys an additional idea, and is not properly explanatory or restrictive, who or which (rarely that ) is employed; as, the king that (or who ) rules well is generally popular; Victoria, who (not that ) rules well, enjoys the confidence of her subjects. Ambiguity may in some cases be avoided in the use of that (which is restrictive) instead of who or which , likely to be understood in a co\'94rdinating sense. Bain.

That was formerly used for that which , as what is now; but such use is now archaic.

We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen. John iii. 11.

That I have done it is thyself to wite [blame]. Chaucer.

That , as a relative pronoun, cannot be governed by a preposition preceding it, but may be governed by one at the end of the sentence which it commences.

The ship that somebody was sailing in. Sir W. Scott.

In Old English, that was often used with the demonstratives he , his , him , etc., and the two together had the force of a relative pronoun; thus, that he = who; that his = whose; that him = whom.

I saw to-day a corpse yborn to church That now on Monday last I saw him wirche [work]. Chaucer.

Formerly, that was used, where we now commonly use which , as a relative pronoun with the demonstrative pronoun that as its antecedent.

That that dieth, let it die; and that that is to cut off, let it be cut off. Zech. xi. 9.

4. As a conjunction, that retains much of its force as a demonstrative pronoun. It is used, specifically: --

(a) To introduce a clause employed as the object of the preceding verb, or as the subject or predicate nominative of a verb.

She tells them 't is a causeless fantasy, And childish error, that they are afraid. Shak.

I have shewed before, that a mere possibility to the contrary, can by no means hinder a thing from being highly credible. Bp. Wilkins.

(b) To introduce, a reason or cause; -- equivalent to for that , in that , for the reason that , because .

He does hear me; And that he does, I weep. Shak.

(c) To introduce a purpose; -- usually followed by may , or might , and frequently preceded by so , in order , to the end , etc.

These things I say, that ye might be saved. John v. 34.

To the end that he may prolong his days. Deut. xvii. 20.

(d) To introduce a consequence, result, or effect; -- usually preceded by so or such , sometimes by that .

The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings. Milton.

He gazed so long That both his eyes were dazzled. Tennyson.

(e) To introduce a clause denoting time; -- equivalent to in which time , at which time , when .

So wept Duessa until eventide, That shining lamps in Jove's high course were lit. Spenser.

Is not this the day That Hermia should give answer of her choice? Shak.

(f) In an elliptical sentence to introduce a dependent sentence expressing a wish, or a cause of surprise, indignation, or the like.

Ha, cousin Silence, that thou hadst seen that that this knight and I have seen! Shak. <-- = if only . . . = if -->

O God, that right should thus overcome might! Shak.

&hand; That was formerly added to other conjunctions or to adverbs to make them emphatic.

To try if that our own be ours or no. Shak.

That is sometimes used to connect a clause with a preceding conjunction on which it depends.

When he had carried Rome and that we looked For no less spoil than glory. Shak.

5. As adverb: To such a degree; so; as, he was that frightened he could say nothing . [Archaic or in illiteral use.] <-- = so -->

All that , everything of that kind; all that sort.

With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that . Pope.

The rank is but the guinea's stamp, The man's the gowd [gold] for a'that . Burns.

-- For that . See under For , prep. -- In that . See under In , prep.

Thatch <Xpage=1494>

Thatch (?) , n. [OE. thak , AS. \'ed\'91c a roof; akin to \'edeccean to cover, D. dak a roof, dekken to cover, G. dach a roof, decken 8cover, Icel. \'edak a roof, Sw. tak , Dan. tag , Lith. st\'d3gas , Ir. teagh a house, Gael. teach , tigh , W. ty , L. tegere to cover, toga a toga, Gr. <?/, <?/, a roof, <?/ to cover, Skr. sthag . Cf. Deck , Integument , Tile , Toga .] 1. Straw, rushes, or the like, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain.

2. (Bot.) A name in the West Indies for several kinds of palm, the leaves of which are used for thatching.

Thatch sparrow , the house sparrow. [Prov. Eng.]

Thatch <Xpage=1494>

Thatch , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Thatched (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Thatching .] [From Thatch , n. : cf. OE. thecchen , AS. <?/eccean to cover.] To cover with, or with a roof of, straw, reeds, or some similar substance; as, to thatch a roof, a stable, or a stack of grain .

Thatcher <Xpage=1494>

Thatch"er (?) , n. One who thatches.

Thatching <Xpage=1494>

Thatch"ing , n. 1. The act or art of covering buildings with thatch; so as to keep out rain, snow, etc.

2. The materials used for this purpose; thatch.

Thaught <Xpage=1494>

Thaught (?) , n. (Naut.) See Thwart .

Thaumatolatry <Xpage=1494>

Thau`ma*tol"a*try (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, a wonder + <?/ worship.] Worship or undue admiration of wonderful or miraculous things. [R.]

The thaumatolatry by which our theology has been debased for more than a century. Hare.

Thaumatrope <Xpage=1494>

Thau"ma*trope (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a wonder + <?/ to turn.] (Opt.) An optical instrument or toy for showing the presistence of an impression upon the eyes after the luminous object is withdrawn.

&hand; It consists of a card having on its opposite faces figures of two different objects, or halves of the same object, as a bird and a cage, which, when the card is whirled rapidlz round a diameter by the strings that hold it, appear to the eye combined in a single picture, as of a bird in its cage.

Thaumaturge <Xpage=1494>

Thau"ma*turge (?) , n. [See Thaumaturgus .] A magician; a wonder worker.

Lowell.

Thaumaturgic, Thaumaturgical <Xpage=1494>

Thau`ma*tur"gic (?) , Thau`ma*tur"gic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to thaumaturgy; magical; wonderful.

Burton.

Thaumaturgics <Xpage=1494>

Thau`ma*tur"gics (?) , n. Feats of legerdemain, or magical performances.

Thaumaturgist <Xpage=1494>

Thau`ma*tur"gist (?) , n. One who deals in wonders, or believes in them; a wonder worker.

Carlyle.

Thaumaturgus <Xpage=1494>

Thau`ma*tur"gus (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ wonder-working; <?/ a wonder + <?/ work.] A miracle worker; -- a title given by the Roman Catholics to some saints.

Thaumaturgy <Xpage=1494>

Thau"ma*tur`gy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/.] The act or art of performing something wonderful; magic; legerdemain.

T. Warton.

Thave <Xpage=1494>

Thave (?) , n. Same as Theave . [Prov. Eng.]

Thaw <Xpage=1494>

Thaw (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Thawed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Thawing .] [AS. \'ed\'bewian , \'ed\'bewan ; akin to D. dovijen , G. tauen , thauen (cf. also ver dauen 8digest, OHG. douwen , fir douwen ), Icel. \'edeyja , Sw. t\'94a , Dan. t\'94e , and perhaps to Gr. <?/ to melt. \'fb56.] 1. To melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften; -- said of that which is frozen; as, the ice thaws .

2. To become so warm as to melt ice and snow; -- said in reference to the weather, and used impersonally.

3. Fig.: To grow gentle or genial.

Thaw <Xpage=1494>

Thaw , v. t. To cause (frozen things, as earth, snow, ice) to melt, soften, or dissolve.

Thaw <Xpage=1494>

Thaw , n. The melting of ice, snow, or other congealed matter; the resolution of ice, or the like, into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost; also, a warmth of weather sufficient to melt that which is congealed.

Dryden.

Thawy <Xpage=1494>

Thaw"y (?) , a. Liquefying by heat after having been frozen; thawing; melting.

The <Xpage=1494>

The (?) , v. i. See Thee . [Obs.]

Chaucer. Milton.

The <Xpage=1494>

The (&th;&emac;, when emphatic or alone ; &th;&esl;, obscure before a vowel ; &th; e , obscure before a consonant ; 37) , definite article. [AS. \'ebe , a later form for earlier nom. sing. masc. s\'c7 , formed under the influence of the oblique cases. See That , pron.] A word placed before nouns to limit or individualize their meaning.

&hand; The was originally a demonstrative pronoun, being a weakened form of that . When placed before adjectives and participles, it converts them into abstract nouns; as, the sublime and the beautiful. Burke. The is used regularly before many proper names, as of rivers, oceans, ships, etc.; as, the Nile, the Atlantic, the Great Eastern, the West Indies, The Hague. The with an epithet or ordinal number often follows a proper name; as, Alexander the Great; Napoleon the Third. The may be employed to individualize a particular kind or species; as, the grasshopper shall be a burden. Eccl. xii. 5 .

The <Xpage=1494>

The , adv. [AS. \'eb\'c7 , \'eb\'df , instrumental case of s\'c7 , se\'a2 , \'eb\'91t , the definite article. See 2d The .] By that; by how much; by so much; on that account; -- used before comparatives; as, the longer we continue in sin, the more difficult it is to reform . "Yet not the more cease I."

Milton.

So much the rather thou, Celestial Light, Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers Irradiate. Milton.

Thea <Xpage=1494>

The"a (?) , n. [NL. See Tea .] (Bot.) A genus of plants found in China and Japan; the tea plant.

&hand; It is now commonly referred to the genus camellia .

Theandric <Xpage=1494>

The*an"dric (?) , a. [Gr. <?/; <?/ god + <?/, <?/, a man.] Relating to, or existing by, the union of divine and human operation in Christ, or the joint agency of the divine and human nature.

Murdock.

Theanthropic, Theanthropical <Xpage=1494>

The`an*throp"ic (?) , The`an*throp"ic*al (?) , a. Partaking of, or combining, both divinity and humanity. [R.]

The gorgeous and imposing figures of his [Homer's] theanthropic sytem. Gladstone.

Theanthropism <Xpage=1494>

The*an"thro*pism (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ god + <?/ man.] 1. A state of being God and man. [R.]

Coleridge.

2. The ascription of human atributes to the Deity, or to a polytheistic deity; anthropomorphism.

Gladstone.

Theanthropist <Xpage=1494>

The*an"thro*pist (?) , n. One who advocates, or believes in, theanthropism.

Theanthropy <Xpage=1494>

The*an"thro*py (?) , n. Theanthropism.

Thearchic <Xpage=1494>

The*ar"chic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/. See Thearchy .] Divinely sovereign or supreme. [R.]

He [Jesus] is the thearchic Intelligence. Milman.

Thearchy <Xpage=1494>

The"ar*chy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ god + -archy : cf. Gr. <?/ the supreme deity.] Government by God; divine sovereignty; theocracy.

Theater, Theatre <Xpage=1494>

The"a*ter , The"a*tre (?) , n. [F. th\'82\'83tre , L. theatrum , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to see, view; cf. Skr. dhy\'be to meditate, think. Cf. Theory .] 1. An edifice in which dramatic performances or spectacles are exhibited for the amusement of spectators; anciently uncovered, except the stage, but in modern times roofed.

2. Any room adapted to the exhibition of any performances before an assembly, as public lectures, scholastic exercises, anatomical demonstrations, surgical operations, etc.

3. That which resembles a theater in form, use, or the like; a place rising by steps or gradations, like the seats of a theater.

Burns.

Shade above shade, a woody theater Of stateliest view. Milton.

4. A sphere or scheme of operation. [Obs.]

For if a man can be partaker of God's theater , he shall likewise be partaker of God's rest. Bacon.

5. A place or region where great events are enacted; as, the theater of war .

Theatin, Theatine <Xpage=1494>

The"a*tin , The"a*tine (?) , n. [F. th\'82atin , It. theatino .] (R. C. Ch.) 1. One of an order of Italian monks, established in 1524, expressly to oppose Reformation, and to raise the tone of piety among Roman Catholics. They hold no property, nor do they beg, but depend on what Providence sends. Their chief employment is preaching and giving religious instruction.

&hand; Their name is derived from Theate , or Chieti , a city of Naples, the archbishop of which was a principal founder of the order; but they bore various names; as, Regular Clerks of the Community , Pauline Monks , Apostolic Clerks , and Regular Clerks of the Divine Providence . The order never flourished much out of Italy.

2. (R. C. Ch.) One of an order of nuns founded by Ursula Benincasa, who died in 1618.

Theatral <Xpage=1494>

The"a*tral (?) , a. [L. theatralis : cf. F. th\'82atral .] Of or pertaining to a theater; theatrical. [Obs.]

Theatric <Xpage=1494>

The*at"ric (?) , a. Theatrical.

Woods over woods in gay, theatric pride. Goldsmith.

Theatrical <Xpage=1494>

The*at"ric*al (?) , a. [L. theatricus , Gr. <?/.] Of or pertaining to a theater, or to the scenic representations; resembling the manner of dramatic performers; histrionic; hence, artificial; as, theatrical performances; theatrical gestures . -- The*at`ri*cal"i*ty (#) , n. -- The*at"ric*al*ly (#) , adv.

No meretricious aid whatever has been called in -- no trick, no illusion of the eye, nothing theatrical . R. Jefferies.

Theatricals <Xpage=1494>

The*at"ric*als (?) , n. pl. Dramatic performances; especially, those produced by amateurs.

Such fashionable cant terms as \'bf theatricals ,' and \'bfmusicals,' invented by the flippant Topham, still survive among his confraternity of frivolity. I. Disraeli.

Theave <Xpage=1494>

Theave (?) , n. [Cf. W. dafad a sheep, ewe.] A ewe lamb of the first year; also, a sheep three years old. [Written also thave .] [Prov. Eng.]

Halliwell.

Thebaic <Xpage=1494>

The*ba"ic (?) , a. [L. thebaicus , Gr. <?/.] Of or pertaining to Thebes in Egypt; specifically, designating a version of the Bible preserved by the Copts, and esteemed of great value by biblical scholars. This version is also called the Sahidic version .

Thebaid <Xpage=1494>

The"ba*id (?) , n. [L. Thebais , -idis .] A Latin epic poem by Statius about Thebes in B\'d2otia.

Thebaine <Xpage=1494>

The*ba"ine (?) , n. [So called from a kind of Egyptian opium produced at Thebes .] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid, C19H21NO3 , found in opium in small quantities, having a sharp, astringent taste, and a tetanic action resembling that of strychnine.

Theban <Xpage=1494>

The"ban (?) , a. [L. Thebanus .] Of or pertaining to Thebes.

Theban year (Anc. Chron.) , the Egyptian year of 365 days and 6 hours. J. Bryant.