Chapter 1690

Syn*od"ic*al*ly , adv. In a synodical manner; in a synod; by the authority of a synod. " Synodically agreed upon."

R. Nelson.

Synodist <Xpage=1464>

Syn"od*ist (?) , n. An adherent to a synod.

These synodists thought fit in Latin as yet to veil their decrees from vulgar eyes. Fuller.

Syn\'d2cious <Xpage=1464>

Syn*\'d2"cious (?) , a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. <?/ house.] (Bot.) Having stamens and pistil in the same head, or, in mosses, having antheridia and archegonia on the same receptacle.

Synomocy <Xpage=1464>

Syn*om"o*cy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to swear with or together; <?/ with + <?/ to swear.] Sworn brotherhood; a society in ancient Greece nearly resembling a modern political club.

Synonym <Xpage=1464>

Syn"o*nym (?) , n. ; pl. Synonyms (<?/>) . [F. synonyme , L. synonyma , pl. of synonymum , Gr. <?/. See Synonymous .] One of two or more words (commonly words of the same language) which are equivalents of each other; one of two or more words which have very nearly the same signification, and therefore may often be used interchangeably. See under Synonymous . [Written also synonyme .]

All languages tend to clear themselves of synonyms as intellectual culture advances, the superfluous words being taken up and appropriated by new shades and combinations of thought evolved in the progress of society. De Quincey.

His name has thus become, throughout all civilized countries, a synonym for probity and philanthropy. Macaulay.

In popular literary acceptation, and as employed in special dictionaries of such words, synonyms are words sufficiently alike in general signification to be liable to be confounded, but yet so different in special definition as to require to be distinguished.

G. P. Marsh.

Synonyma <Xpage=1464>

Syn*on"y*ma (?) , n. pl. [L.] Synonyms. [Obs.]

Fuller.

Synonymal <Xpage=1464>

Syn*on"y*mal (?) , a. Synonymous. [Obs.]

Synonymally <Xpage=1464>

Syn*on"y*mal*ly , adv. Synonymously. [Obs.]

Synonyme <Xpage=1464>

Syn"o*nyme (?) , n. Same as Synonym .

Synonymic <Xpage=1464>

Syn`o*nym"ic (?) , n. [Cf. G. synonymik . See Synonymous .] (Gram.) The science, or the scientific treatment, of synonymous words.

Synonymic, Synonymical <Xpage=1464>

Syn`o*nym"ic (?) , Syn`o*nym"ic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to synonyms, or synonymic; synonymous.

Synonymicon <Xpage=1464>

Syn`o*nym"i*con (?) , n. [NL.] A dictionary of synonyms.

C. J. Smith.

Synonymist <Xpage=1464>

Syn*on"y*mist (?) , n. [Cf. F. synonymiste .] One who collects or explains synonyms.

Synonymize <Xpage=1464>

Syn*on"y*mize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Synonymized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Synonymizing (?) .] To express by a synonym or synonyms; to give the synonym or synonyms corresponding to.

This word "fortis" we may synonymize after all these fashions: stout, hardy, valiant, doughty, courageous, adventurous, brave, bold, daring, intrepid. Camden.

Synonymous <Xpage=1464>

Syn*on"y*mous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/; <?/ with, together + <?/, <?/, name. See Syn- , and Name .] Having the character of a synonym; expressing the same thing; conveying the same, or approximately the same, idea. -- Syn*on"y*mous*ly , adv.

These words consist of two propositions, which are not distinct in sense, but one and the same thing variously expressed; for wisdom and understanding are synonymous words here. Tillotson.

Syn. -- Identical; interchangeable. -- Synonymous , Identical . If no words are synonymous except those which are identical in use and meaning, so that the one can in all cases be substituted for the other, we have scarcely ten such words in our language. But the term more properly denotes that the words in question approach so near to each other, that, in many or most cases, they can be used interchangeably. 1. Words may thus coincide in certain connections, and so be interchanged, when they can not be interchanged in other connections; thus we may speak either strength of mind or of force of mind, but we say the force (not strength ) of gravitation. 2. Two words may differ slightly, but this difference may be unimportant to the speaker's object, so that he may freely interchange them; thus it makes but little difference, in most cases, whether we speak of a man's having secured his object or having attained his object. For these and other causes we have numerous words which may, in many cases or connections, be used interchangeably, and these are properly called synonyms . Synonymous words "are words which, with great and essential resemblances of meaning, have, at the same time, small, subordinate, and partial differences, -- these differences being such as either originally and on the ground of their etymology inhered in them; or differences which they have by usage acquired in the eyes of all; or such as, though nearly latent now, they are capable of receiving at the hands of wise and discreet masters of the tongue. Synonyms are words of like significance in the main, but with a certain unlikeness as well." Trench .

Synonymy <Xpage=1464>

Syn*on"y*my (?) , n. [L. synonymia , Gr. <?/ a synonym: cf. F. synonymie .] 1. The quality of being synonymous; sameness of meaning.

2. A system of synonyms.

3. (Rhet.) A figure by which synonymous words are used to amplify a discourse.

Synopsis <Xpage=1464>

Syn*op"sis (?) , n. ; pl. Synopses (#) . [L., from Gr. <?/; <?/ with, together + <?/ a sight, view, from the root seen in E. optic .] A general view, or a collection of heads or parts so arranged as to exhibit a general view of the whole; an abstract or summary of a discourse; a syllabus; a conspectus.

That the reader may see in one view the exactness of the method, as well as force of the argument, I shall here draw up a short synopsis of this epistle. Bp. Warburton.

Syn. -- Abridgment; compendium; epitome; abstract; summary; syllabus; conspectus. See Abridgment .

Synoptic, Synoptical <Xpage=1464>

Syn*op"tic (?) , Syn*op"tic*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/: cf. F. synoptique . See Synopsis .] Affording a general view of the whole, or of the principal parts of a thing; as, a synoptic table; a synoptical statement of an argument . "The synoptic Gospels." Alford . -- Syn*op"tic*al*ly , adv.

Synoptic <Xpage=1464>

Syn*op"tic , n. One of the first three Gospels of the New Testament. See Synoptist .

Synoptist <Xpage=1464>

Syn*op"tist (?) , n. Any one of the authors of the three synoptic Gospels, which give a history of our Lord's life and ministry, in distinction from the writer of John's Gospel, which gives a fuller record of his teachings.

Synosteology <Xpage=1464>

Syn*os`te*ol"o*gy (?) , n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. <?/ bone + -logy .] That part of anatomy which treats of joints; arthrology.

Synosteosis <Xpage=1464>

Syn*os`te*o"sis (?) , n. ; pl. Synosteoses (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with + <?/ bone.] (Anat.) Union by means of bone; the complete closing up and obliteration of sutures.

Synostosis <Xpage=1464>

Syn`os*to"sis (?) , n. [NL.] Same as Synosteosis .

Synovia <Xpage=1464>

Syn*o"vi*a (?) , n. [NL., perhaps fr. Gr. <?/ with + L. ovum egg: cf. F. synovie .] (Anat.) A transparent, viscid, lubricating fluid which contains mucin and secreted by synovial membranes; synovial fluid.

<page="1465"> Page 1465

Synovial <Xpage=1465>

Syn*o"vi*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. synovial .] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to synovia; secreting synovia.

Synovial capsule , a closed sac of synovial membrane situated between the articular surfaces at diarthrodial joints. -- Synovial fluid , synovia. -- Synovial membrane , the dense and very smooth connective tissue membrane which secretes synovia and surrounds synovial capsules and other synovial cavities.

Synovitis <Xpage=1465>

Syn`o*vi"tis (?) , n. [NL. See Synovia , -itis .] (Med.) Inflammation of the synovial membrane.

Synpelmous <Xpage=1465>

Syn*pel"mous (?) , a. [Pref. syn- + <?/ the sole of the foot.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the two main flexor tendons of the toes blended together.

Synsepalous <Xpage=1465>

Syn*sep"al*ous (?) , a. [Pref. syn- + sepal .] (Bot.) Having united sepals; gamosepalous.

Syntactic, Syntactical <Xpage=1465>

Syn*tac"tic (?) , Syn*tac"tic*al (?) , a. [Cf. G. <?/ putting together. See Syntax .] Of or pertaining to syntax; according to the rules of syntax, or construction. -- Syn*tac"tic*al*ly , adv.

Syntax <Xpage=1465>

Syn"tax (?) , n. [L. syntaxis , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to put together in order; <?/ with + <?/ to put in order; cf. F. syntaxe . See Syn- , and Tactics .] 1. Connected system or order; union of things; a number of things jointed together; organism. [Obs.]

They owe no other dependence to the first than what is common to the whole syntax of beings. Glanvill.

2. That part of grammar which treats of the construction of sentences; the due arrangement of words in sentences in their necessary relations, according to established usage in any language.

Syntaxis <Xpage=1465>

Syn*tax"is (?) , n. Syntax. [R.]

B. Jonson.

Synteresis <Xpage=1465>

Syn`te*re"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ preservation, fr. <?/ to preserve; <?/ with + <?/ to guard.] 1. (Med.) Prophylaxis. [Obs.]

2. (Metaph.) Conscience viewed as the internal repository of the laws of duty.

Whewell.

Synteretic <Xpage=1465>

Syn`te*ret"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/.] (Med.) Preserving health; prophylactic. [Obs.]

Synteretics <Xpage=1465>

Syn`te*ret"ics (?) , n. (Med.) That department of medicine which relates to the preservation of health; prophylaxis. [Obs.] <-- = hygeine? -->

Synthermal <Xpage=1465>

Syn*ther"mal (?) , a. [Pref. syn- + thermal .] Having the same degree of heat.

Synthesis <Xpage=1465>

Syn"the*sis (?) , n. ; pl. Syntheses (#) . [L., a mixture, properly, a putting together, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to place or put together; <?/ with + <?/ to place. See Thesis .] 1. Composition, or the putting of two or more things together, as in compounding medicines.

2. (Chem.) The art or process of making a compound by putting the ingredients together, as contrasted with analysis ; thus, water is made by synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen; hence, specifically, the building up of complex compounds by special reactions, whereby their component radicals are so grouped that the resulting substances are identical in every respect with the natural articles when such occur; thus, artificial alcohol, urea, indigo blue, alizarin, etc., are made by synthesis .

3. (Logic) The combination of separate elements of thought into a whole, as of simple into complex conceptions, species into genera, individual propositions into systems; -- the opposite of analysis .

Analysis and synthesis , though commonly treated as two different methods, are, if properly understood, only the two necessary parts of the same method. Each is the relative and correlative of the other. Sir W. Hamilton.

Synthesist <Xpage=1465>

Syn"the*sist (?) , n. One who employs synthesis, or who follows synthetic methods.

Synthesize <Xpage=1465>

Syn"the*size (?) , v. t. 1. To combine by synthesis; to unite.

2. To produce by synthesis; as, to synthesize albumin .

Synthetic, Synthetical <Xpage=1465>

Syn*thet"ic (?) , Syn*thet"ic*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/: cf. F. synth\'82tique .] 1. Of or pertaining to synthesis; consisting in synthesis or composition; as, the synthetic method of reasoning, as opposed to analytical .

Philosophers hasten too much from the analytic to the synthetic method; that is, they draw general conclusions from too small a number of particular observations and experiments. Bolingbroke.

2. (Chem.) Artificial. Cf. Synthesis , 2.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Comprising within itself structural or other characters which are usually found only in two or more diverse groups; -- said of species, genera, and higher groups. See the Note under Comprehensive , 3.

Synthetic , &or; Synthetical language , an inflectional language, or one characterized by grammatical endings; -- opposed to analytic language . R. Morris.

Synthetically <Xpage=1465>

Syn*thet"ic*al*ly , adv. In a synthetic manner.

Synthetize <Xpage=1465>

Syn"the*tize (?) , v. t. [Cf. Gr. <?/.] To combine; to unite in regular structure. [R.]

Syntomy <Xpage=1465>

Syn"to*my (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to cut short; <?/ with + <?/ to cut.] Brevity; conciseness. [R.]

Syntonin <Xpage=1465>

Syn"to*nin (?) , n. [Cf. Gr. <?/ stretched tight, intense.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid substance (acid albumin) formed from the albuminous matter of muscle by the action of dilute acids; -- formerly called musculin . See Acid albumin , under Albumin .

Syphering <Xpage=1465>

Sy"pher*ing (?) , n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Carp.) The lapping of chamfered edges of planks to make a smooth surface, as for a bulkhead.

Syphilide <Xpage=1465>

Syph"i*lide (?) , n. [F.] (Med.) A cutaneous eruption due to syphilis.

Syphilis <Xpage=1465>

Syph"i*lis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Syphilus , the name of a shepherd in the Latin poem of Fracastoro, " Syphilus , sive Morbus Gallicus," which was published in 1530; Gr. <?/ hog, swine + <?/ dear, loving. The term was introduced into nosology by Sauvages.] (Med.) The pox, or venereal disease; a chronic, specific, infectious disease, usually communicated by sexual intercourse or by hereditary transmission, and occurring in three stages known as primary , secondary , and tertiary syphilis . See under Primary , Secondary , and Tertiary . <-- a bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum . Usu. tretable with penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics. -->

Syphilitic <Xpage=1465>

Syph`i*lit"ic (?) , a. [Cf. F. syphilitique .] (Med.) Of or pertaining to syphilis; of the nature of syphilis; affected with syphilis. -- n. A syphilitic patient.

Syphilitically <Xpage=1465>

Syph`i*lit"ic*al*ly (?) , adv. (Med.) In a syphilitic manner; with venereal disease.

Syphilization <Xpage=1465>

Syph`i*li*za"tion (?) , n. (Med.) Inoculation with the syphilitic virus, especially when employed as a preventive measure, like vaccination.

Syphilize <Xpage=1465>

Syph"i*lize (?) , v. t. (Med.) To inoculate with syphilis.

Syphiloderm <Xpage=1465>

Syph"i*lo*derm (?) , n. [See Syphilis , and Derm .] (Med.) A cutaneous affection due to syphilis.

Syphilodermatous <Xpage=1465>

Syph`i*lo*der"ma*tous (?) , a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to the cutaneous manifestations of syphilis.

Syphiloid <Xpage=1465>

Syph"i*loid (?) , a. [ Syphil is + -oid .] (Med.) Resembling syphilis.

Syphilologist <Xpage=1465>

Syph`i*lol"o*gist (?) , n. One skilled in syphilology.

Syphilology <Xpage=1465>

Syph`i*lol"o*gy (?) , n. [ Syphil is + -logy .] That branch of medicine which treats of syphilis.

Syphon <Xpage=1465>

Sy"phon (?) , n. See Syphon .

Syracuse <Xpage=1465>

Syr"a*cuse (?) , n. A red wine of Italy.

Syren <Xpage=1465>

Sy"ren (?) , n. See Siren . [R.]

Syriac <Xpage=1465>

Syr"i*ac (?) , a. [L. Syriacus , from Syria : cf. F. syriaque .] Of or pertaining to Syria, or its language; as, the Syriac version of the Pentateuch . -- n. The language of Syria; especially, the ancient language of that country.

Syriacism <Xpage=1465>

Syr"i*a*cism (?) , n. A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism.

Syrian <Xpage=1465>

Syr"i*an (?) , a. [L. Syrius : cf. F. Syrien .] Of or pertaining to Syria; Syriac. -- n. A native of Syria.

Syrianism <Xpage=1465>

Syr"i*an*ism (?) , n. A Syrian idiom, or a peculiarity of the Syrian language; a Syriacism.

Paley.

Syriasm <Xpage=1465>

Syr"i*asm (?) , n. A Syrian idiom; a Syrianism; a Syriacism.

M. Stuart.

The Scripture Greek is observed to be full of Syriasms and Hebraisms. Bp. Warburton.

Syringa <Xpage=1465>

Sy*rin"ga (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/, a shepherd's pipe, tube. Cf. Syringe .] (Bot.) (a) A genus of plants; the lilac. (b) The mock orange; -- popularly so called because its stems were formerly used as pipestems.

Syringe <Xpage=1465>

Syr"inge (?) , n. [F. seringue (cf. Pr. siringua , Sp. jeringa , It. sciringa , scilinga ), fg. Gr. <?/, <?/, a pipe or tube; cf. Skr. svar to sound, and E. swarum . Cf. Syringa .] A kind of small hand-pump for throwing a stream of liquid, or for purposes of aspiration. It consists of a small cylindrical barrel and piston, or a bulb of soft elastic material, with or without valves, and with a nozzle which is sometimes at the end of a flexible tube; -- used for injecting animal bodies, cleansing wounds, etc.

Garden syringe . See Garden .

Syringe <Xpage=1465>

Syr"inge , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Syringed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Syringing (?) .] 1. To inject by means of a syringe; as, to syringe warm water into a vein .

2. To wash and clean by injection from a syringe.

Syringeal <Xpage=1465>

Sy*rin"ge*al (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the syrinx; as, the syringeal muscle .

Syringin <Xpage=1465>

Sy*rin"gin (?) , n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the bark of the lilac ( Syringa ) and extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- formerly called also lilacin .

Syringoc\'d2le <Xpage=1465>

Sy*rin"go*c\'d2le (?) , n. [ Syrinx + Gr. <?/ hollow.] (Anat.) The central canal of the spinal cord.

B. G. Wilder.

Syringotome <Xpage=1465>

Sy*rin"go*tome (?) , n. [Cf. F. syringotome . See Syringotomy .] (Surg. & Anat.) A small blunt-pointed bistoury, -- used in syringotomy.

Syringotomy <Xpage=1465>