Chapter 1689

Syn"chro*nize , v. t. 1. To assign to the same date or period of time; as, to synchronize two events of Greek and Roman history . "Josephus synchronizes Nisan with the Egyptian Pharmus."

W. L. Bevan.

2. To cause to agree in time; as, to synchronize the movements of different machines; to synchronize clocks.

Synchronology <Xpage=1463>

Syn`chro*nol"o*gy (?) , n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. <?/ time + -logy .] Contemporaneous chronology.

Synchronous <Xpage=1463>

Syn"chro*nous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ time. Cf. Chronicle .] Happening at the same time; simultaneous. -- Syn"chro*nous*ly , adv.

Synchrony <Xpage=1463>

Syn"chro*ny (?) , n. The concurrence of events in time; synchronism. [R.]

Geological contemporaneity is the same as chronological synchrony . Huxley.

Synchysis <Xpage=1463>

Syn"chy*sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to confound; <?/ with + <?/ to pour.] A derangement or confusion of any kind, as of words in a sentence, or of humors in the eye.

Sparkling synchysis (Med.) , a condition in which the vitreous humor is softened and contains sparkling scales of cholesterin.

Synclastic <Xpage=1463>

Syn*clas"tic (?) , a. [Pref. syn- + Gr. kla^n to break.] (Math. Physics) Curved toward the same side in all directions; -- said of surfaces which in all directions around any point bend away from a tangent plane toward the same side, as the surface of a sphere; -- opposed to anticlastic.

Sir W. Thomson.

Synclinal <Xpage=1463>

Syn*cli"nal (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ to incline together; <?/ with + <?/ to incline.] 1. Inclined downward from opposite directions, so as to meet in a common point or line.

2. (Geol.) Formed by strata dipping toward a common line or plane; as, a synclinal trough or valley; a synclinal fold; -- opposed to anticlinal .

&hand; A downward flexure in the case of folded rocks makes a synclinal axis, and the alternating upward flexure an anticlinal axis.

Synclinal <Xpage=1463>

Syn*cli"nal , n. (Geol.) A synclinal fold.

Syncline <Xpage=1463>

Syn*cline" (?) , n. (Geol.) A synclinal fold.

Synclinical <Xpage=1463>

Syn*clin"ic*al (?) , a. Synclinal. [R.]

Synclinorium <Xpage=1463>

Syn`cli*no"ri*um (?) , n. ; pl. Synclinoria (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ to lay together + <?/ mountain.] (Geol.) A mountain range owing its origin to the progress of a geosynclinal, and ending in a catastrophe of displacement and upturning.

Dana.

Syncopal <Xpage=1463>

Syn"co*pal (?) , a. Of or pertaining to syncope; resembling syncope.

Syncopate <Xpage=1463>

Syn"co*pate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Syncopated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Syncopating .] [LL. syncopatus , p.p. of syncopare to syncopate, to swoon. See Syncope .] 1. (Gram.) To contract, as a word, by taking one or more letters or syllables from the middle; as, "Gloster" is a syncopated form of "Gloucester ."

2. (Mus.) To commence, as a tone, on an unaccented part of a measure, and continue it into the following accented part, so that the accent is driven back upon the weak part and the rhythm drags.

Syncopation <Xpage=1463>

Syn`co*pa"tion (?) , n. 1. (Gram.) The act of syncopating; the contraction of a word by taking one or more letters or syllables from the middle; syncope.

2. (Mus.) The act of syncopating; a peculiar figure of rhythm, or rhythmical alteration, which consists in welding into one tone the second half of one beat with the first half of the beat which follows.

Syncope <Xpage=1463>

Syn"co*pe (?) , n. [L. syncope , syncopa , Gr. <?/ a cutting up, a syncope; akin to <?/ to beat together, to cut up, cut short, weavy; <?/ with + <?/ to strike, cut.] 1. (Gram.) An elision or retrenchment of one or more letters or syllables from the middle of a word; as, ne'er for never , ev'ry for every .

2. (Mus.) Same as Syncopation .

3. (Med.) A fainting, or swooning. See Fainting .

4. A pause or cessation; suspension. [R.]

Revely, and dance, and show, Suffer a syncope and solemn pause. Cowper.

Syncopist <Xpage=1463>

Syn"co*pist (?) , n. One who syncopates.

Addison.

Syncopize <Xpage=1463>

Syn"co*pize (?) , v. t. To syncopate.

Syncotyledonous <Xpage=1463>

Syn*cot`y*led"on*ous (?) , a. [Pref. syn- + cotyledonous .] (Bot.) Having united cotyledonous.

Syncretic <Xpage=1463>

Syn*cret"ic (?) , a. Uniting and blending together different systems, as of philosophy, morals, or religion.

Smart.

Syncretism <Xpage=1463>

Syn"cre*tism (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to make two parties join against a third: cf. F. syncr\'82tisme .] Attempted union of principles or parties irreconcilably at variance with each other.

He is plotting a carnal syncretism , and attempting the reconcilement of Christ and Belial. Baxter.

Syncretism is opposed to eclecticism in philosophy. Krauth-Fleming.

Syncretist <Xpage=1463>

Syn"cre*tist (?) , n. [Cf. F. syncr\'82tiste .] One who attempts to unite principles or parties which are irreconcilably at variance; specifically (Eccl. Hist.) , an adherent of George Calixtus and other Germans of the seventeenth century, who sought to unite or reconcile the Protestant sects with each other and with the Roman Catholics, and thus occasioned a long and violent controversy in the Lutheran church.

Syncretistic <Xpage=1463>

Syn`cre*tis"tic (?) , a. 1. Pertaining to, or characterized by, syncretism; as, a syncretistic mixture of the service of Jehovah and the worship of idols .

2. Of or pertaining to Syncretists.

Syncrisis <Xpage=1463>

Syn"cri*sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a comparison; <?/ together + <?/ to judge.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which opposite things or persons are compared.

Crabb.

<page="1464"> Page 1464

Syncytium <Xpage=1464>

Syn*cy"ti*um (?) , n. ; pl. Syncitia (#) . [NL., from Gr. <?/ together + <?/ a hollow vessel.] 1. (Biol.) Tissue in which the cell or partition walls are wholly wanting and the cell bodies fused together, so that the tissue consists of a continuous mass of protoplasm in which nuclei are imbedded, as in ordinary striped muscle.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The ectoderm of a sponge.

Syndactyle <Xpage=1464>

Syn*dac"tyle (?) , n. [Pref. syn- + Gr. <?/ finger, toe: cf. F. syndactyle .] (Zo\'94l.) Any bird having syndactilous feet.

Syndactylic <Xpage=1464>

Syn*dac*tyl"ic (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Syndactilous.

Syndactylous <Xpage=1464>

Syn*dac"tyl*ous (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Having the toes firmly united together for some distance, and without an intermediate web, as the kingfishers; gressorial.

Syndesmography <Xpage=1464>

Syn`des*mog"ra*phy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ band, bond + -graphy .] A description of the ligaments; syndesmology.

Syndesmology <Xpage=1464>

Syn`des*mol"o*gy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ band, bond + -logy .] That part of anatomy which treats of ligaments.

Syndesmosis <Xpage=1464>

Syn`des*mo"sis (?) , n. ; pl. Syndesmoses (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bond; <?/ together + <?/ a bond, fr. <?/ to bind.] (Anat.) An articulation formed by means of ligaments.

Syndetic, Syndetical <Xpage=1464>

Syn*det"ic (?) , Syn*det"ic*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, from <?/ to bind together; <?/ with + <?/ to bind; cf. Asyndetic .] Connecting; conjunctive; as, syndetic words or connectives; syndetic references in a dictionary. -- Syn*det"ic*al*ly , adv.

With the syndetic juxtaposition of distinct members, the article is not often repeated. C. J. Grece (Trans. Maetzner's Gram.).

Syndic <Xpage=1464>

Syn"dic (?) , n. [L. syndictus , Gr. <?/ helping in a court of justice, advocate; <?/ with + <?/ justice, akin to <?/ to show: cf. F. syndic . See Teach .] 1. An officer of government, invested with different powers in different countries; a magistrate.

2. (Law) An agent of a corporation, or of any body of men engaged in a business enterprise; an advocate or patron; an assignee.

&hand; In France, syndics are appointed by the creditors of a bankrupt to manage the property. Almost all the companies in Paris, the university, and the like, have their syndics . The university of Cambridge, Eng., has its syndics , who are chosen from the senate to transact special business, such as the regulation of fees, the framing of laws, etc.

Syndicate <Xpage=1464>

Syn"di*cate (?) , n. [Cf. F. syndicat , LL. syndicatus .] 1. The office or jurisdiction of a syndic; a council, or body of syndics.

Bp. Burnet.

2. An association of persons officially authorized to undertake some duty or to negotiate some business; also, an association of persons who combine to carry out, on their own account, a financial or industrial project; as, a syndicate of bankers formed to take up and dispose of an entire issue of government bonds .

Syndicate <Xpage=1464>

Syn"di*cate (?) , v. t. [LL. syndicatus , p.p. of syndicare to censure.] To judge; to censure. [Obs.]

Syndrome <Xpage=1464>

Syn"dro*me (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ a course, a running.] Concurrence. [R.]

Glanvill.

<-- 2. A group of symptoms occurring together that are characteristic and indicative of some underlying cause, such as a disease. -->

Syndyasmian <Xpage=1464>

Syn`dy*as"mi*an (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ a pairing, fr. <?/ to pair.] Pertaining to the state of pairing together sexually; -- said of animals during periods of procreation and while rearing their offspring.

Morgan.

Syne <Xpage=1464>

Syne (?) , adv. [See Since .] 1. Afterwards; since; ago. [Obs. or Scot.]

R. of Brunne.

2. Late, -- as opposed to soon .

[Each rogue] shall be discovered either soon or syne . W. Hamilton (Life of Wallace).

Syne <Xpage=1464>

Syne , conj. Since; seeing. [Scot.]

Synecdoche <Xpage=1464>

Syn*ec"do*che (?) , n. [L. synecdoche , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to receive jointly; <?/ with + <?/ to receive; <?/ out + <?/ to receive.] (Rhet.) A figure or trope by which a part of a thing is put for the whole (as, fifty sail for fifty ships ), or the whole for a part (as, the smiling year for spring ), the species for the genus (as, cutthroat for assassin ), the genus for the species (as, a creature for a man ), the name of the material for the thing made, etc.

Bain.

Synecdochical <Xpage=1464>

Syn`ec*doch"ic*al (?) , a. Expressed by synecdoche; implying a synecdoche.

Isis is used for Themesis by a synecdochical kind of speech, or by a poetical liberty, in using one for another. Drayton.

Synecdochically <Xpage=1464>

Syn`ec*doch"ic*al*ly , adv. By synecdoche.

Synechia <Xpage=1464>

Syn*e"chi*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to hold together; <?/ with + <?/ to hold.] (Med.) A disease of the eye, in which the iris adheres to the cornea or to the capsule of the crystalline lens.

Synecphonesis <Xpage=1464>

Syn*ec`pho*ne"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to utter together.] (Gram.) A contraction of two syllables into one; synizesis.

Synedral <Xpage=1464>

Syn*e"dral (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ sitting with; <?/ with + <?/ seat.] (Bot.) Growing on the angles of a stem, as the leaves in some species of Selaginella.

Synentognathi <Xpage=1464>

Syn`en*tog"na*thi (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with + <?/ within + <?/ jaw.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes, resembling the Physoclisti, without spines in the dorsal, anal, and ventral fins. It includes the true flying fishes.

Synepy <Xpage=1464>

Syn"e*py (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ a word.] (Rhet.) The interjunction, or joining, of words in uttering the clauses of sentences.

Syneresis <Xpage=1464>

Syn*er"e*sis (?) , n. Same as Syn\'91resis .

Synergetic <Xpage=1464>

Syn`er*get"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to work together; <?/ with + <?/ work.] Working together; co\'94perating; as, synergetic muscles .

Synergism <Xpage=1464>

Syn"er*gism (?) , n. [See Synergetic .] (Theol.) The doctrine or theory, attributed to Melanchthon, that in the regeneration of a human soul there is a co\'94peration, or joint agency, on the part both of God and of man.

<-- 2. Same as synergy, 2. -->

Synergist <Xpage=1464>

Syn"er*gist (?) , n. [Cf. F. synergiste .] 1. One who holds the doctrine of synergism.

2. (Med.) A remedy which has an action similar to that of another remedy, and hence increases the efficiency of that remedy when combined with it.

<-- 3. (Biochemistry) A chemical compound which exhibits a synergistic effect on some biochemical or physiological action, in combination with another compound. [A supertype of def. 2.] -->

Synergistic <Xpage=1464>

Syn`er*gis"tic (?) , a. 1. Of or pertaining to synergism. "A synergistic view of regeneration."

Shedd.

2. Co\'94perating; synergetic.

Synergy <Xpage=1464>

Syn"er*gy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/. See Synergetic .] Combined action ; especially (Med.) , the combined healty action of every organ of a particular system; as, the digestive synergy .

<-- 2. An effect of the interaction of the actions of two agents such that the result of the combined action is greater than expected as a simple additive combination of the two agents acting separately. Also synergism. -->

Syngenesia <Xpage=1464>

Syn`ge*ne"si*a (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with, together + <?/ generation, birth.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants in which the stamens are united by the anthers.

Syngenesian, Syngenesious <Xpage=1464>

Syn`ge*ne"sian (?) , Syn`ge*ne"sious (?) , a. (Bot.) Having the stamens united by the anthers; of or pertaining to the Syngenesia.

Syngenesis <Xpage=1464>

Syn*gen"e*sis (?) , n. [Pref. syn- + genesis .] (Biol.) A theory of generation in which each germ is supposed to contain the germs of all subsequent generations; -- the opposite of epigenesis .

Syngnathi <Xpage=1464>

Syng"na*thi (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ with + <?/ jaw.] (Zo\'94l.) A suborder of lophobranch fishes which have an elongated snout and lack the ventral and first dorsal fins. The pipefishes and sea horses are examples. -- Syng"na*thous (#) , a.

Syngraph <Xpage=1464>

Syn"graph (?) , n. [L. syngrapha , Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ to write.] (Law) A writing signed by both or all the parties to a contract or bond.

Synizesis <Xpage=1464>

Syn`i*ze"sis (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to sit together; <?/ with + <?/ to sit.] 1. (Med.) An obliteration of the pupil of the eye.

2. (Gram.) A contraction of two syllables into one; synecphonesis.

Synneorosis <Xpage=1464>

Syn`neo*ro"sis (?) , n. ; pl. Synneuroses (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ with + <?/ a sinew, ligament.] (Anat.) Syndesmosis.

Synocha <Xpage=1464>

Syn"o*cha (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a holding together. See Synechia .] (Med.) See Synochus . [Obs.]

Synochal <Xpage=1464>

Syn"o*chal (?) , a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to synocha; like synocha. [Obs.]

Synochus <Xpage=1464>

Syn"o*chus (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ joined together.] (Med.) A continuous fever. [Obs.]

&hand; Synocha and synochus were used as epithets of two distinct types of fever, but in different senses at different periods. The same disease is placed under synocha by one author, under synochus by another.

Quain.

Synocil <Xpage=1464>

Syn"o*cil (?) , n. [Pref. syn- + cil ium.] (Zo\'94l.) A sense organ found in certain sponges. It consists of several filaments, each of which arises from a single cell.

Synod <Xpage=1464>

Syn"od (?) , n. [L. synodus , Gr. <?/ a meeting; <?/ with + <?/ a way; cf. AS. sino<?/ , seno<?/ , F. synode , both from the Latin.] 1. (Eccl. Hist.) An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters.

&hand; Synods are of four kinds: 1. General , or ecumenical , which are compopsed of bishops from different nations; -- commonly called general council . 2. National , composed of bishops of one nation only. 3. Provincial , in which the bishops of only one province meet; -- called also convocations . 4. Diocesan , a synod in which the bishop of the diocese or his representative presides. Among Presbyterians, a synod is composed of several adjoining presbyteries. The members are the ministers and a ruling elder from each parish.

2. An assembly or council having civil authority; a legislative body.

It hath in solemn synods been decreed, Both by the Syracusians and ourselves, To admit no traffic to our adverse towns. Shak.

Parent of gods and men, propitious Jove! And you, bright synod of the powers above. Dryden.

3. (Astron.) A conjunction of two or more of the heavenly bodies. [R.]

Milton.

Synodal <Xpage=1464>

Syn"od*al (?) , a. [L. synodalis : cf. F. synodal .] Synodical.

Milton.

Synodal <Xpage=1464>

Syn"od*al , n. 1. (Ch. of Eng.) A tribute in money formerly paid to the bishop or archdeacon, at the time of his Easter visitation, by every parish priest, now made to the ecclesiastical commissioners; a procuration.

Synodals are due, of common right, to the bishop only. Gibson.

2. A constitution made in a provincial or diocesan synod.

Synodic, Synodical <Xpage=1464>

Syn*od"ic (?) , Syn*od"ic*al (?) , a. [L. synodicus , Gr. <?/: cf. F. synodique .] 1. (Eccl.) Of or pertaining to a synod; transacted in, or authorized by, a synod; as, synodical proceedings or forms . "A synodical epistle."

Bp. Stillingfleet.

2. (Astron.) Pertaining to conjunction, especially to the period between two successive conjunctions; extending from one conjunction, as of the moon or a planet with the sun, to the next; as, a synodical month (see Lunar month , under Month ); the synodical revolution of the moon or a planet.

Synodically <Xpage=1464>