Chapter 1682

Swear (?) , v. i. [ imp. Swore (?) , formerly Sware (<?/) ; p. p. Sworn (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Swearing .] [OE. swerien , AS. swerian ; akin to D. zweren , OS. swerian , OHG. swerien , G. schw\'94ren , Icel. sverja , Sw. sv\'84rja , Dan. sv\'91rge , Icel. & Sw. svara to answer, Dan. svare , Dan. & Sw. svar an answer, Goth. swaran to swear, and perhaps to E. swarm . \'fb177. Cf. Answer .] 1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, with an appeal to God for the truth of what is affirmed; to make a promise, threat, or resolve on oath; also, to affirm solemnly by some sacred object, or one regarded as sacred, as the Bible, the Koran, etc.

Ye shall swear by my name falsely. Lev. xix. 12.

I swear by all the Roman gods. Shak.

2. (Law) To give evidence on oath; as, to swear to the truth of a statement; he swore against the prisoner .

3. To make an appeal to God in an irreverant manner; to use the name of God or sacred things profanely; to call upon God in imprecation; to curse.

[I] swore little; diced not above seven times a week. Shak.

To swear by , to place great confidence in a person or thing; to trust implicitly as an authority. "I simply meant to ask if you are one of those who swear by Lord Verulam." Miss Edgeworth . -- To swear off , to make a solemn vow, or a serious resolution, to abstain from something; as, to swear off smoking . [Slang]

Swear <Xpage=1457>

Swear , v. t. 1. To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal to God for the truth of the declaration; to make (a promise, threat, or resolve) under oath.

Swear unto me here by God, that thou wilt not deal falsely with me. Gen. xxi. 23.

He swore consent to your succession. Shak.

2. (Law) To put to an oath; to cause to take an oath; to administer an oath to; -- ofetn followed by in or into ; as, to swear witnesses; to swear a jury; to swear in an officer; he was sworn into office .

3. To declare or charge upon oath; as, he swore treason against his friend .

Johnson.

4. To appeal to by an oath.

Now, by Apollo, king, Thou swear'st thy gods in vain. Shak.

To swear the peace against one , to make oath that one is under the actual fear of death or bodily harm from the person, in which case the person must find sureties that he will keep the peace.

Swearer <Xpage=1457>

Swear"er (?) , n. 1. One who swears; one who calls God to witness for the truth of his declaration.

2. A profane person; one who uses profane language.

Then the liars and swearers are fools. Shak.

Swearing <Xpage=1457>

Swear"ing , a. & n. from Swear , v.

Idle swearing is a cursedness. Chaucer.

Sweat <Xpage=1457>

Sweat (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Sweat or Sweated ( Obs. Swat (<?/) ); p. pr. & vb. n. Sweating .] [OE. sweten , AS. sw\'91tan , fr. sw\'bet , n., sweat; akin to OFries. & OS. sw\'c7t , D. zweet , OHG. sweiz , G. schweiss , Icel. sviti , sveiti , Sw. svett , Dan. sved , L. sudor sweat, sudare to sweat, Gr. <?/, <?/, sweat, <?/ to sweat, Skr. sv\'c7da sweat, svid to sweat. \'fb178. Cf. Exude , Sudary , Sudorific .] 1. To excrete sensible moisture from the pores of the skin; to perspire.

Shak.

2. Fig.: To perspire in toil; to work hard; to drudge.

He 'd have the poets sweat . Waller.

3. To emit moisture, as green plants in a heap.

Sweat <Xpage=1457>

Sweat , v. t. 1. To cause to excrete moisture from the skin; to cause to perspire; as, his physicians attempted to sweat him by most powerful sudorifics .

2. To emit or suffer to flow from the pores; to exude.

It made her not a drop for sweat . Chaucer.

With exercise she sweat ill humors out. Dryden.

3. To unite by heating, after the application of soldier.

4. To get something advantageous, as money, property, or labor from (any one), by exaction or oppression; as, to sweat a spendthrift; to sweat laborers . [Colloq.]

To sweat coin , to remove a portion of a piece of coin, as by shaking it with others in a bag, so that the friction wears off a small quantity of the metal.

The only use of it [money] which is interdicted is to put it in circulation again after having diminished its weight by " sweating ", or otherwise, because the quantity of metal contains is no longer consistent with its impression. R. Cobden.

Sweat <Xpage=1457>

Sweat (?) , n. [Cf. OE. swot , AS. sw\'bet . See Sweat , v. i. ] 1. (Physiol.) The fluid which is excreted from the skin of an animal; the fluid secreted by the sudoriferous glands; a transparent, colorless, acid liquid with a peculiar odor, containing some fatty acids and mineral matter; perspiration. See Perspiration .

In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread. Gen. iii. 19.

2. The act of sweating; or the state of one who sweats; hence, labor; toil; drudgery.

Shak.

3. Moisture issuing from any substance; as, the sweat of hay or grain in a mow or stack .

Mortimer.

4. The sweating sickness. [Obs.]

Holinshed.

5. (Man.) A short run by a race horse in exercise.

Sweat box (Naut.) , a small closet in which refractory men are confined. -- Sweat glands (Anat.) , sudoriferous glands. See under Sudoriferous . <-- sweat suit. A suit comprising a top and trousers, having full arms and legs, used while performing physical exercises, esp. out-of-doors. Sweat equity. The rights to a portion of ownership or profit, hypothetically owned by a worker who participated in producing a product, such as in improving a piece of real estate. -->

Sweater <Xpage=1457>

Sweat"er (?) , n. 1. One who sweats.

2. One who, or that which, causes to sweat ; as: (a) A sudorific. (b) A woolen jacket or jersey worn by athletes. (c) An employer who oppresses his workmen by paying low wages. [Slang] <-- jersey worn by lots of people, not just athletes. Needs expansion. -->

Sweatily <Xpage=1457>

Sweat"i*ly (?) , adv. In a sweaty manner.

Sweatiness <Xpage=1457>

Sweat"i*ness , n. Quality or state of being sweaty.

Sweating <Xpage=1457>

Sweat"ing , a. & n. from Sweat , v.

Sweating bath , a bath producing sensible sweat; a stove or sudatory. -- Sweating house , a house for sweating persons in sickness. -- Sweating iron , a kind of knife, or a piece of iron, used to scrape off sweat, especially from horses; a horse scraper. -- Sweating room . (a) A room for sweating persons. (b) (Dairying) A room for sweating cheese and carrying off the superfluous juices. -- Sweating sickness (Med.) , a febrile epidemic disease which prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particularly in England, in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, characterized by profuse sweating. Death often occured in a few hours.

Sweaty <Xpage=1457>

Sweat"y (?) , a. [ Compar. Sweatier (?) ; superl. Sweatiest .] 1. Moist with sweat; as, a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment.

2. Consisting of sweat; of the nature of sweat.

No noisome whiffs or sweaty streams. Swift.

3. Causing sweat; hence, laborious; toilsome; difficult. "The sweaty forge."

Prior.

Swede <Xpage=1457>

Swede (?) , n. [Cf. G. Schwede .] 1. A native or inhabitant of Sweden.

2. (Bot.) A Swedish turnip. See under Turnip .

Swedenborgian <Xpage=1457>

Swe`den*bor"gi*an (?) , n. One who holds the doctrines of the New Jerusalem church, as taught by Emanuel Swedenborg , a Swedish philosopher and religious writer, who was born a. d. 1688 and died 1772. Swedenborg claimed to have intercourse with the spiritual world, through the opening of his spiritual senses in 1745. He taught that the Lord Jesus Christ, as comprehending in himself all the fullness of the Godhead, is the one only God, and that there is a spiritual sense to the Scriptures, which he (Swedenborg) was able to reveal, because he saw the correspondence between natural and spiritual things.

Swedenborgian <Xpage=1457>

Swe`den*bor"gi*an , a. Of or pertaining to Swedenborg or his views.

Swedenborgianism <Xpage=1457>

Swe`den*bor"gi*an*ism (?) , n. The doctrines of the Swedenborgians.

Swedish <Xpage=1457>

Swed"ish (?) , a. [Cf. G. schwedisch , Sw. svensk .] Of or pertaining to Sweden or its inhabitants.

Swedish turnip . (Bot.) See under Turnip .

Swedish <Xpage=1457>

Swed"ish , n. The language of Swedes.

Sweeny <Xpage=1457>

Swee"ny (?) , n. (Far.) An atrophy of the muscles of the shoulder in horses; also, atrophy of any muscle in horses. [Written also swinney .]

Sweep <Xpage=1457>

Sweep (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Swept (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sweeping .] [OE. swepen ; akin to AS. sw\'bepan . See Swoop , v. i. ] 1. To pass a broom across (a surface) so as to remove loose dirt, dust, etc.; to brush, or rub over, with a broom for the purpose of cleaning; as, to sweep a floor, the street, or a chimney . Used also figuratively.

I will sweep it with the besom of destruction. Isa. xiv. 23.

2. To drive or carry along or off with a broom or a brush, or as if with a broom; to remove by, or as if by, brushing; as, to sweep dirt from a floor; the wind sweeps the snow from the hills; a freshet sweeps away a dam, timber, or rubbish; a pestilence sweeps off multitudes.

The hail shall sweep away the refuge of lies. Isa. xxviii. 17.

I have already swept the stakes. Dryden.

3. To brush against or over; to rub lightly along.

Their long descending train, With rubies edged and sapphires, swept the plain. Dryden.

4. To carry with a long, swinging, or dragging motion; hence, to carry in a stately or proud fashion.

And like a peacock sweep along his tail. Shak.

5. To strike with a long stroke.

Wake into voice each silent string, And sweep the sounding lyre. Pope.

6. (Naut.) To draw or drag something over; as, to sweep the bottom of a river with a net .

7. To pass over, or traverse, with the eye or with an instrument of observation; as, to sweep the heavens with a telescope .

To sweep, &or; sweep up , a mold (Founding) , to form the sand into a mold by a templet, instead of compressing it around the pattern.

Sweep <Xpage=1457>

Sweep (?) , v. i. 1. To clean rooms, yards, etc., or to clear away dust, dirt, litter, etc., with a broom, brush, or the like.

2. To brush swiftly over the surface of anything; to pass with switness and force, as if brushing the surface of anything; to move in a stately manner; as, the wind sweeps across the plain; a woman sweeps through a drawing-room.

3. To pass over anything comprehensively; to range through with rapidity; as, his eye sweeps through space .

Sweep <Xpage=1457>

Sweep , n. 1. The act of sweeping.

2. The compass or range of a stroke; as, a long sweep .

3. The compass of any turning body or of any motion; as, the sweep of a door; the sweep of the eye .

4. The compass of anything flowing or brushing; as, the flood carried away everything within its sweep .

5. Violent and general destruction; as, the sweep of an epidemic disease .

6. Direction and extent of any motion not rectlinear; as, the sweep of a compass .

7. Direction or departure of a curve, a road, an arch, or the like, away from a rectlinear line.

The road which makes a small sweep . Sir W. Scott.

8. One who sweeps; a sweeper; specifically, a chimney sweeper.

9. (Founding) A movable templet for making molds, in loam molding.

10. (Naut.) (a) The mold of a ship when she begins to curve in at the rungheads; any part of a ship shaped in a segment of a circle. (b) A large oar used in small vessels, partly to propel them and partly to steer them.

11. (Refining) The almond furnace. [Obs.]

12. A long pole, or piece of timber, moved on a horizontal fulcrum fixed to a tall post and used to raise and lower a bucket in a well for drawing water. [Variously written swape , sweep , swepe , and swipe .]

13. (Card Playing) In the game of casino, a pairing or combining of all the cards on the board, and so removing them all; in whist, the winning of all the tricks (thirteen) in a hand; a slam.

14. pl. The sweeping of workshops where precious metals are worked, containing filings, etc.

Sweep net , a net for drawing over a large compass. -- Sweep of the tiller (Naut.) , a circular frame on which the tiller traverses.

Sweepage <Xpage=1457>

Sweep"age (?) , n. The crop of hay got in a meadow. [Prov. Eng.]

Sweeper <Xpage=1457>

Sweep"er (?) , n. One who, or that which, sweeps, or cleans by sweeping; a sweep; as, a carpet sweeper .

It is oxygen which is the great sweeper of the economy. Huxley.

Sweeping <Xpage=1457>

Sweep"ing , a. Cleaning off surfaces, or cleaning away dust, dirt, or litter, as a broom does; moving with swiftness and force; carrying everything before it; including in its scope many persons or things; as, a sweeping flood; a sweeping majority; a sweeping accusation. -- Sweep"ing*ly , adv. - Sweep"ing*ness , n. <-- should be separate senses -->

Sweepings <Xpage=1457>

Sweep"ings (?) , n. pl. Things collected by sweeping; rubbish; as, the sweepings of a street .

Sweep-saw <Xpage=1457>

Sweep"-saw` (?) , n. A bow-saw.

Sweepstake <Xpage=1457>

Sweep"stake` (?) , n. 1. A winning of all the stakes or prizes.

Heylin.

2. A complete removal or carrying away; a clean sweep. [Obs.]

Bp. Hacket.

Sweepstakes <Xpage=1457>

Sweep"stakes` (?) , n. 1. A winning of all the stakes or prizes; a sweepstake.

2. sing. &or; pl. The whole money or other things staked at a horse race, a given sum being put up for each horse, all of which goes to the winner, or is divided among several, as may be previously agreed.

3. A race for all the sums staked or prizes offered.

Sweepwasher <Xpage=1457>

Sweep"wash`er (?) , n. One who extracts the residuum of precious metals from the sweepings, potsherds, etc., of refineries of gold and silver, or places where these metals are used.

Sweepy <Xpage=1457>

Sweep"y (?) , a. Moving with a sweeping motion.

The branches bend before their sweepy away. Dryden.

<page="1458"> Page 1458

Sweet <Xpage=1458>

Sweet (?) , a. [ Compar. Sweeter (?) ; superl. Sweetest .] [OE. swete , swote , sote , AS. sw\'c7te ; akin to OFries. sw\'c7te , OS. sw\'d3ti , D. zoet , G. s\'81ss , OHG. suozi , Icel. s\'91tr , s\'d2tr , Sw. s\'94t , Dan. s\'94d , Goth. suts , L. suavis , for suadvis , Gr. <?/, Skr. sv\'bedu sweet, svad , sv\'bed , to sweeten. \'fb175. Cf. Assuage , Suave , Suasion .] 1. Having an agreeable taste or flavor such as that of sugar; saccharine; -- opposed to sour and bitter ; as, a sweet beverage; sweet fruits; sweet oranges.

2. Pleasing to the smell; fragrant; redolent; balmy; as, a sweet rose; sweet odor; sweet incense.

The breath of these flowers is sweet to me. Longfellow.

3. Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodious; harmonious; as, the sweet notes of a flute or an organ; sweet music; a sweet voice; a sweet singer.

To make his English sweet upon his tongue. Chaucer.

A voice sweet , tremulous, but powerful. Hawthorne.

4. Pleasing to the eye; beautiful; mild and attractive; fair; as, a sweet face; a sweet color or complexion.

Sweet interchange Of hill and valley, rivers, woods, and plains. Milton.

5. Fresh; not salt or brackish; as, sweet water .

Bacon.

6. Not changed from a sound or wholesome state. Specifically: (a) Not sour; as, sweet milk or bread . (b) Not state; not putrescent or putrid; not rancid; as, sweet butter; sweet meat or fish .

7. Plaesing to the mind; mild; gentle; calm; amiable; winning; presuasive; as, sweet manners .

Canst thou bind the sweet influence of Pleiades? Job xxxviii. 31.

Mildness and sweet reasonableness is the one established rule of Christian working. M. Arnold.

&hand; Sweet is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, sweet -blossomed, sweet -featured, sweet -smelling, sweet -tempered, sweet -toned, etc.