Chapter 1670

Su"per- (?) . [L. super over, above; akin to Gr. <?/, L. sub under, and E. over . See Over , and cf. Hyper- , Sub- , Supra- , Sur- .] 1. A prefix signifying above , over , beyond , and hence often denoting in a superior position , in excess , over and above , in addition , exceedingly ; as in super impose, super sede, super natural, super abundance.

2. (Chem.) A prefix formerly much used to denote that the ingredient to the name of which it was prefixed was present in a large , or unusually large , proportion as compared with the other ingredients; as in calcium super phosphate. It has been superseded by per- , bi- , di- , acid , etc. (as per oxide, bi carbonate, di sulphide, and acid sulphate), which retain the old meanings of super- , but with sharper definition. Cf. Acid , a. , Bi- , Di- , and Per- .

Super <Xpage=1446>

Su"per , n. A contraction of Supernumerary , in sense 2. [Theatrical Cant]

Superable <Xpage=1446>

Su"per*a*ble (?) , a. [L. superabilis , from superare to go over, to surmount, fr. super above, over.] Capable of being overcome or conquered; surmountable.

Antipathies are generally superable by a single effort. Johnson.

-- Su"per*a*ble*ness , n. -- Su"per*a*bly , adv.

Superabound <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*a*bound" (?) , v. i. [L. superabundare : cf. OF. superabonder . See Super- , and Abound .] To be very abundant or exuberant; to be more than sufficient; as, the country superabounds with corn .

Superabundance <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*a*bun"dance (?) , n. [L. superabundantia : cf. OF. superabondance .] The quality or state of being superabundant; a superabundant quantity; redundancy; excess.

Superabundant <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*a*bun"dant (?) , a. [L. superabundans , p.pr. of superabundare . See Superabound .] Abounding to excess; being more than is sufficient; redundant; as, superabundant zeal . -- Su`per*a*bun"dant*ly , adv.

Superacidulated <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*a*cid"u*la`ted (?) , a. Acidulated to excess. [R.]

Superadd <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*add" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Superadded ; p. pr. & vb. n. Superadding .] [L. superaddere . See Super- , and Add .] To add over and above; to add to what has been added; to annex, as something extrinsic.

The strength of any living creature, in those external motion, is something distinct from, and superadded unto, its natural gravity. Bp. Wilkins.

The peacock laid it extremely to heart that he had not the nightingale's voice superadded to the beauty of his plumes. L'Estrange.

Superaddition <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*ad*di"tion (?) , n. The act of adding something in excess or something extraneous; also, something which is added in excess or extraneously.

This superaddition is nothing but fat. Arbuthnot.

Superadvenient <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*ad*ven"ient (?) , a. Coming upon; coming in addition to, or in assistance of, something. [R.]

He has done bravely by the superadvenient assistance of his God. Dr. H. More.

Superalimentation <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*al`i*men*ta"tion (?) , n. The act of overfeeding, or making one take food in excess of the natural appetite for it.

Superaltar <Xpage=1446>

Su"per*al`tar (?) , n. (Arch.) A raised shelf or stand on the back of an altar, on which different objects can be placed; a predella or gradino.

Superangelic <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*an*gel"ic (?) , a. Superior to the angels in nature or rank. [R.]

Milman.

Superannuate <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*an"nu*ate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Superannuated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Superannuating .] [Pref. super- + L. annus a year.] 1. To impair or disquality on account of age or infirmity.

Sir T. Browne.

2. To give a pension to, on account of old age or other infirmity; to cause to retire from service on a pension.

Superannuate <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*an"nu*ate (?) , v. i. To last beyond the year; -- said of annual plants. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Superannuation <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*an`nu*a"tion (?) , n. The state of being superannuated, or too old for office or business; the state of being disqualified by old age; decrepitude.

The world itself is in a state of superannuation . Cowper.

Slyness blinking through the watery eye of superannuation . Coleridge.

Superb <Xpage=1446>

Su*perb" (?) , a. [F. superbe , L. superbus , fr. super over. See Super- .] 1. Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice; a superb colonnade .

2. Rich; elegant; as, superb furniture or decorations .

3. Showy; excellent; grand; as, a superb exhibition .

Superb paradise bird (Zo\'94l.) , a bird of paradise ( Paradis\'91a, &or; Lophorina, superba ) having the scapulars erectile, and forming a large ornamental tuft on each shoulder, and a large gorget of brilliant feathers on the breast. The color is deep violet, or nearly black, with brilliant green reflections. The gorget is bright metallic green. -- Superb warber . (Zo\'94l.) See Blue wren , under Wren .

-- Su*perb"ly , adv. -- Su*perb"ness , n.

Superbiate <Xpage=1446>

Su*per"bi*ate (?) , v. t. [Cf. L. superbiare .] To make (a person) haughty. [Obs. & R.]

Feltham.

Supercarbonate <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*car"bon*ate (?) , n. (Chem.) A bicarbonate. [Obsoles.]

Supercarbureted <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*car"bu*ret`ed (?) , a. (Chem.) Bicarbureted. [Written also supercarburetted .] [Obsoles.]

Supercargo <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*car"go (?) , n. [ Super- + cargo : cf. Sp. sobrecargo. Cf. Surcharge .] An officer or person in a merchant ship, whose duty is to manage the sales, and superintend the commercial concerns, of the voyage.

Supercarpal <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*car"pal (?) , a. (Anat.) Situated above, or in the upper part of, the carpus.

Supercelestial <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*ce*les"tial (?) , a. [Pref. super- + celestial : cf. L. supercaelestis .] 1. Situated above the firmament, or great vault of heaven.

Waterland.

2. Higher than celestial; superangelic.

Supercharge <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*charge" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Supercharged (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Supercharging (?) .] [Pref. super- + charge . Cf. Surcharge .] (Her.) To charge (a bearing) upon another bearing; as, to supercharge a rose upon a fess .

Supercharge <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*charge" (?) , n. (Her.) A bearing charged upon another bearing. [R.]

Superchemical <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*chem"ic*al (?) , a. Above or beyond chemistry; inexplicable by chemical laws.

J. Le Conte.

Superchery <Xpage=1446>

Su*perch"er*y (?) , n. [F. supercherie .] Deceit; fraud; imposition. [Obs. & R.]

Superciliary <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*cil"i*a*ry (?) , a. [L. supercilium an eyebrow. See Supercilious .] 1. Of or pertaining to the eyebrows; supraorbital.

2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a distinct streak of color above the eyes; as, the superciliary woodpecker .

Supercilious <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*cil"i*ous (?) , a. [L. superciliosus , fr. supercilium an eyebrow, pride; super over, + cilium an eyelid; probably akin to celare to conceal. Cf. Conceal .] Lofty with pride; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing; arrogant; as, a supercilious officer; a supercilious air; supercilious behavior. -- Su`per*cil"i*ous*ly , adv. -- Su`per*cil"i*ous*ness , n.

Supercilium <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*cil"i*um (?) , n. [L.] (Zo\'94l.) The eyebrow, or the region of the eyebrows.

Supercolumniation <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*co*lum`ni*a"tion (?) , n. (Arch.) The putting of one order above another; also, an architectural work produced by this method; as, the putting of the Doric order in the ground story, Ionic above it, and Corinthian or Composite above this .

Superconception <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*con*cep"tion (?) , n. (Physiol.) Superfetation. [R.]

Sir T. Browne.

Superconsequence <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*con"se*quence (?) , n. Remote consequence. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Supercrescence <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*cres"cence (?) , n. [See Supercrescent .] That which grows upon another growing thing; a parasite. [R.]

Sir T. Browne.

Supercrescent <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*cres"cent (?) , a. [L. supercrescens , p.pr. of supercrescere ; super above + crescere to grow.] Growing on some other growing thing. [R.]

Johnson.

Supercretaceous <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*cre*ta"ceous (?) , a. (Geol.) Same as Supracretaceous .

<-- supercritical. Being at a temperature and pressure above the critical temperature and pressure. In a condition neither liquid nor gaseous. Supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a solvent in separation chemistry. -->

Supercurious <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*cu"ri*ous (?) , a. Excessively curious or inquisitive.

Evelyn.

Superdominant <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*dom"i*nant (?) , n. (Mus.) The sixth tone of the scale; that next above the dominant; -- called also submediant .

Supereminence, Supereminency <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*em"i*nence (?) , Su`per*em"i*nen*cy (?) , n. [L. supereminentia .] The quality or state of being supereminent; distinguished eminence; as, the supereminence of Cicero as an orator, or Lord Chatham as a statesman .

Ayliffe.

He was not forever beset with the consciousness of his own supereminence . Prof. Wilson.

Supereminent <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*em"i*nent (?) , a. [L. supereminens , p.pr. of supereminere . See Super- , and Eminent .] Eminent in a superior degree; surpassing others in excellence; as, a supereminent divine; the supereminent glory of Christ . -- Su`per*em"i*nent*ly , adv.

Supererogant <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*er"o*gant (?) , a. [L. supererogans , p.pr. See Supererogate .] Supererogatory. [Obs.]

Supererogate <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*er"o*gate (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Supererogated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Supererogating .] [L. supererogatus , p.p. of supererogare to spend or pay out over and above; super over, above + erogare to expend or pay out money from the public treasury after asking the consent of the people. See Super- , and Erogate , Rogation .] To do more than duty requires; to perform works of supererogation; to atone (for a dificiency in another) by means of a surplus action or quality.

The fervency of one man in prayer can not supererogate for the coldness of another. Milton.

Supererogation <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*er`o*ga"tion (?) , n. [L. supererogatio a payment in addition.] The act of supererogating; performance of more than duty or necessity requires.

Works of supererogation (R. C. Ch.) , those good deeds believed to have been performed by saints, or capable of being performed by men, over and above what is required for their own salvation.

Supererogative <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*e*rog"a*tive (?) , a. Supererogatory.

Supererogatory <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*e*rog"a*to*ry (?) , a. Performed to an extent not enjoined, or not required, by duty or necessity; as, supererogatory services .

Howell.

Superessential <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*es*sen"tial (?) , a. Essential above others, or above the constitution of a thing.

J. Ellis.

Superethical <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*eth"ic*al (?) , a. More than ethical; above ethics.

Bolingbroke.

Superexalt <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*ex*alt" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Superexalted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Superexalting .] To exalt to a superior degree; to exalt above others.

Barrow.

Superexaltation <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*ex`al*ta"tion (?) , n. Elevation above the common degree.

Holyday.

Superexcellence <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*ex"cel*lence (?) , n. Superior excellence; extraordinary excellence.

Superexcellent <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*ex"cel*lent (?) , a. [Pref. super- + excellent : cf. L. superexcellens .] Excellent in an uncommon degree; very excellent.

Drayton.

Superexcination <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*ex`ci*na"tion (?) , n. Excessive, or more than normal, excitation.

Superexcrescence <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*ex*cres"cence (?) , n. Something growing superfluously.

Superfamily <Xpage=1446>

Su"per*fam`i*ly (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A group intermediate between a family and a suborder.

Superfecundation <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fec`un*da"tion (?) , n. (Physiol.) Fertilization of two ova, at the same menstruation, by two different acts of coition.

Superfecundity <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fe*cun"di*ty (?) , n. Superabundant fecundity or multiplication of the species.

Superfetate <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fe"tate (?) , v. i. [L. superfetare ; super above, over + fetare to bring forth.] To conceive after a prior conception, but before the birth of the offspring.

The female . . . is said to superfetate . Grew.

Superfetation <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fe*ta"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. superf\'82tation .] (Physiol.) The formation of a fetus at the result of an impregnation occurring after another impregnation but before the birth of the offspring produced by it. This is possible only when there is a double uterus, or where menstruation persists up to the time of the second impregnation.

In then became a superfetation upon, and not an ingredient in, the national character. Coleridge.

Superfete <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fete" (?) , v. i. To superfetate. [Obs.]

Superfete <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fete" , v. t. To conceive (another fetus) after a former conception. [Obs.]

Howell.

Superfice <Xpage=1446>

Su"per*fice (?) , n. A superficies. [Obs.]

Dryden.

Superficial <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fi"cial (?) , a. [L. superficialis : cf. F. superficiel . See Superficies .] 1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; lying on the surface; shallow; not deep; as, a superficial color; a superficial covering; superficial measure or contents; superficial tillage .

2. Reaching or comprehending only what is obvious or apparent; not deep or profound; shallow; -- said especially in respect to study, learning, and the like; as, a superficial scholar; superficial knowledge .

This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. Shak.

He is a presumptuous and superficial writer. Burke.

That superficial judgment, which happens to be right without deserving to be so. J. H. Newman.

-- Su`per*fi"cial*ly , adv. -- Su`per*fi"cial*ness , n.

Superficialist <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fi"cial*ist , n. One who attends to anything superficially; a superficial or shallow person; a sciolist; a smatterer.

Superficiality <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fi`ci*al"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. superficialit\'82 .] The quality or state of being superficial; also, that which is superficial.

Sir T. Browne.

Superficialize <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fi"cial*ize (?) , v. t. To attend to, or to treat, superficially, or in a shallow or slighting way. [R.]

It is a characteristic weakness of the day to superficialize evil. E. P. Whipple.

Superficiary <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry (?) , n. (Rom. Law) One to whom a right of surface occupation is granted; one who pays quitrent for a house built upon another man's ground.

Superficiary <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fi"ci*a*ry , a. 1. Of or pertaining to the superficies, or surface; superficial.

2. (Rom. Law) Situated or built on another man's land, as a house.

Superficies <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fi"cies (?) , n. [L., fr. super above, over + facies make, figure, shape. See Surface .] 1. The surface; the exterior part, superficial area, or face of a thing.

2. (Civil Law) (a) Everything on the surface of a piece of ground, or of a building, so closely connected by art or nature as to constitute a part of it, as houses, or other superstructures, fences, trees, vines, etc. (b) A real right consisting of a grant by a landed proprietor of a piece of ground, bearing a strong resemblance to the long building leases granted by landholders in England, in consideration of a rent, and under reservation of the ownership of the soil.

Bouvier. Wharton.

Superfine <Xpage=1446>

Su"per*fine (?) , a. 1. Very fine, or most fine; being of surpassing fineness; of extra nice or fine quality; as, superfine cloth .

2. Excessively fine; too nice; over particular; as, superfine distinctions; superfine tastes .

Superfineness <Xpage=1446>

Su"per*fine`ness , n. The state of being superfine.

Superfinical <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*fin"i*cal (?) , a. Extremely finical.

Superfluence <Xpage=1446>

Su*per"flu*ence (?) , n. [L. superfluens , p.pr. of superfluere to flow or run over. See Superfluous .] Superfluity. [Obs.]

Hammond.

Superfluitant <Xpage=1446>

Su`per*flu"i*tant (?) , a. [L. super above + fluitans , p.pr. of fluitare intensive fr. fluere to flow.] Floating above or on the surface. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne . -- Su`per*flu"i*tance (#) , n. [Obs.]

<page="1447"> Page 1447

Superfluity <Xpage=1447>