Chapter 1661

Sub`ter*ra"ne*an (?) , Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous (?) , a. [L. subterraneus ; sub under + terra earth. See Terrace .] Being or lying under the surface of the earth; situated within the earth, or under ground; as, subterranean springs; a subterraneous passage. -- Sub`ter*ra"ne*ous*ly , adv.

Subterranity <Xpage=1437>

Sub`ter*ran"i*ty (?) , n. A place under ground; a subterrany. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Subterrany <Xpage=1437>

Sub"ter*ra*ny (?) , a. Subterranean. [Obs.] Bacon . -- n. A subterranean place. [Obs.]

Subterrene <Xpage=1437>

Sub`ter*rene" (?) , a. [L. subterrenus , equiv. to subterraneus .] Subterraneous. [Obs.]

Subterrestrial <Xpage=1437>

Sub`ter*res"tri*al (?) , a. Subterranean.

Subthalamic <Xpage=1437>

Sub`tha*lam"ic (?) , a. (Anat.) Situated under the optic thalamus.

Subtile <Xpage=1437>

Sub"tile (?) , a. [L. subtilis . See Subtile .] 1. Thin; not dense or gross; rare; as, subtile air; subtile vapor; a subtile medium .

2. Delicately constituted or constructed; nice; fine; delicate; tenuous; finely woven. "A sotil [subtile] twine's thread."

Chaucer.

More subtile web Arachne can not spin. Spenser.

I do distinguish plain Each subtile line of her immortal face. Sir J. Davies.

3. Acute; piercing; searching.

The slow disease and subtile pain. Prior.

5. Characterized by nicety of discrimination; discerning; delicate; refined; subtle. [In this sense now commonly written subtle .]

The genius of the Spanish people is exquisitely subtile , without being at all acute; hence there is so much humor and so little wit in their literature. The genius of the Italians, on the contrary, is acute, profound, and sensual, but not subtile ; hence what they think to be humorous, is merely witty. Coleridge.

The subtile influence of an intellect like Emerson's. Hawthorne.

5. Sly; artful; cunning; crafty; subtle; as, a subtile person; a subtile adversary; a subtile scheme. [In this sense now commonly written subtle .]

Syn. -- Subtile , Acute . In acute the image is that of a needle's point; in subtile that of a thread spun out to fineness. The acute intellect pierces to its aim; the subtile (or subtle ) intellect winds its way through obstacles.

-- Sub"tile*ly , adv. -- Sub"tile*ness , n.

Subtiliate <Xpage=1437>

Sub*til"i*ate (?) , v. t. [LL. subtiliare .] To make thin or rare. [Obs.] Harvey . -- Sub`til*i*a"tion (#) , n. [Obs.] Boyle.

Subtilism <Xpage=1437>

Sub"til*ism (?) , n. The quality or state of being subtile; subtility; subtlety.

The high orthodox subtilism of Duns Scotus. Milman.

Subtility <Xpage=1437>

Sub*til"i*ty (?) , n. [L. subtilitas : cf. F. subtilit\'82 . See Subtle .] Subtilty. [R.]

Subtilization <Xpage=1437>

Sub`til*i*za"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. subtilization .] 1. The act of making subtile.

2. (Old Chem.) The operation of making so volatile as to rise in steam or vapor.

3. Refinement; subtlety; extreme attenuation.

Subtilize <Xpage=1437>

Sub"til*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Subtilized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtilizing (?) .] [L. subtiliser .] 1. To make thin or fine; to make less gross or coarse.

2. To refine; to spin into niceties; as, to subtilize arguments .

Nor as yet have we subtilized ourselves into savages. Burke.

Subtilize <Xpage=1437>

Sub"til*ize , v. i. To refine in argument; to make very nice distinctions.

Milner.

Subtilizer <Xpage=1437>

Sub"til*i`zer (?) , n. One who subtilizes.

Subtilty <Xpage=1437>

Sub"til*ty (?) , n. [Contr. fr. subtility .] 1. The quality or state of being subtile; thinness; fineness; as, the subtility of air or light .

2. Refinement; extreme acuteness; subtlety.

Intelligible discourses are spoiled by too much subtility in nice divisions. Locke.

3. Cunning; skill; craft. [Obs.]

To learn a lewd man this subtility . Chaucer.

4. Slyness in design; artifice; guile; a cunning design or artifice; a trick; subtlety.

O full of all subtility and all mischief. Acts xiii. 10.

&hand; In senses 2, 3, and 4 the word is more commonly written subtlety .

Subtle <Xpage=1437>

Sub"tle (?) , a. [ Compar. Subtler (?) ; superl. Subtlest (?) .] [OE. sotil , subtil , OF. soutil , later subtil , F. subtil , L. subtilis ; probably, originally, woven fine, and fr. sub under + tela a web, fr. texere to weave. See Text , and cf. Subtile .] 1. Sly in design; artful; cunning; insinuating; subtile; -- applied to persons; as, a subtle foe . "A subtle traitor."

Shak.

2. Cunningly devised; crafty; treacherous; as, a subtle stratagem .

3. Characterized by refinement and niceness in drawing distinctions; nicely discriminating; -- said of persons; as, a subtle logician; refined; tenuous; sinuous; insinuating; hence, penetrative or pervasive; -- said of the mind; its faculties, or its operations; as, a subtle intellect ; a subtle imagination; a subtle process of thought ; also, difficult of apprehension; elusive.

Things remote from use, obscure and subtle . Milton.

4. Smooth and deceptive. [Obs.]

Like to a bowl upon a subtle ground [bowling ground]. Shak.

Syn. -- Artful; crafty; cunning; shrewd; sly; wily. Subtle is the most comprehensive of these epithets and implies the finest intellectual quality. See Shrewd , and Cunning .

<page="1438"> Page 1438

Subtleness <Xpage=1438>

Sub"tle*ness (?) , n. The quality or state of being subtle; subtlety.

Subtlety <Xpage=1438>

Sub"tle*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Subtleties (#) . [OE. sotelte , sutilte , OF. sotillete , L. subtilitas . See Subtle , and cf. Subtility .] 1. The quality or state of being subtle, or sly; cunning; craftiness; artfulness.

The fox which lives by subtlety . Shak.

2. Nice discernment with delicacy of mental action; nicety of discrimination.

3. Something that is sly, crafty, or delusive.

Unlearned in the world's false subtleties . Shak.

Subtly <Xpage=1438>

Sub"tly (?) , adv. In a subtle manner; slyly; artfully; cunningly.

Thou seest how subtly to detain thee I devise. Milton.

2. Nicely; delicately.

In the nice bee what sense so subtly true. Pope.

Subtly communicating itself to my sensibilities, but evading the analysis of my mind. Hawthorne.

3. Deceitfully; delusively. [Obs.]

Shak.

Subtonic <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ton"ic (?) , a. (Phonetics) Applied to, or distinguishing, a speech element consisting of tone, or proper vocal sound, not pure as in the vowels, but dimmed and otherwise modified by some kind of obstruction in the oral or the nasal passage, and in some cases with a mixture of breath sound; -- a term introduced by Dr. James Rush in 1833. See Guide to Pronunciation , &sect;&sect;155, 199-202.

Subtonic <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ton"ic , n. 1. (Phonetics) A subtonic sound or element; a vocal consonant, as b , d , g , n , etc.; a subvocal.

2. (Mus.) The seventh tone of the scale, or that immediately below the tonic; -- called also subsemitone .

Subtorrid <Xpage=1438>

Sub*tor"rid (?) , a. Nearly torrid.

Subtract <Xpage=1438>

Sub*tract" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Subtracted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtracting .] [L. subtractus , p.p. of subtrahere to draw from beneath, withdraw, remove; sub under + trahere to draw. See Trace , v. t. , and cf. Substract .] To withdraw, or take away, as a part from the whole; to deduct; as, subtract 5 from 9, and the remainder is 4 .

Subtracter <Xpage=1438>

Sub*tract"er (?) , n. 1. One who subtracts.

2. The subtrahend. [Obs.]

Subtraction <Xpage=1438>

Sub*trac"tion (?) , n. [L. subtractio a drawing back. See Subtract , and cf. Substraction .] 1. The act or operation of subtracting or taking away a part.

2. (Math.) The taking of a lesser number or quantity from a greater of the same kind or denomination; an operation for finding the difference between two numbers or quantities.

3. (Law) The withdrawing or withholding from a person of some right to which he is entitled by law.

&hand; Thus the subtraction of conjugal rights is when either the husband or wife withdraws from the other and lives separate without sufficient reason. The subtraction of a legacy is the withholding or detailing of it from the legatee by the executor. In like manner, the withholding of any service, rent, duty, or custom, is a subtraction , for which the law gives a remedy.

Blackstone.

Subtractive <Xpage=1438>

Sub*trac"tive (?) , a. 1. Tending, or having power, to subtract.

2. (Math.) Having the negative sign, or sign minus.

Subtrahend <Xpage=1438>

Sub"tra*hend` (?) , n. [L. subtrahendus that is to be subtracted, p.fut.pess. of subtrahere . See Subtract .] (Math.) The sum or number to be subtracted, or taken from another.

Subtranslucent <Xpage=1438>

Sub`trans*lu"cent (?) , a. Not perfectly translucent.

Subtransparent <Xpage=1438>

Sub`trans*pa"rent (?) , a. Not perfectly transparent.

Subtreasurer <Xpage=1438>

Sub*treas"ur*er (?) , n. The public officer who has charge of a subtreasury. [U. S.]

Subtreasury <Xpage=1438>

Sub*treas"ur*y (?) , n. ; pl. Subtreasuries (<?/) . A subordinate treasury, or place of deposit; as, the United States subtreasury at New York . [U. S.]

Subtriangular <Xpage=1438>

Sub`tri*an"gu*lar (?) , a. Nearly, but not perfectly, triangular.

Darwin.

Subtribe <Xpage=1438>

Sub"tribe` (?) , n. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) A division of a tribe; a group of genera of a little lower rank than a tribe.

Subtrihedral <Xpage=1438>

Sub`tri*he"dral (?) , a. Approaching the form of a three-sided pyramid; as, the subtrihedral crown of a tooth .

Owen.

Subtriple <Xpage=1438>

Sub*tri"ple (?) , a. (Math.) Containing a third, or one part to three.

Bp. Wilkins.

Subtriplicate <Xpage=1438>

Sub*trip"li*cate (?) , a. (Math.) Expressed by the cube root; -- said especially of ratios.

Subtriplicate ratio , the ratio of the cube root; thus, the subtriplicate ratio of a to b is &cuberoot; a to &cuberoot; b , or &cuberoot; a / b .

Subtropical <Xpage=1438>

Sub*trop"ic*al (?) , a. Nearly tropical.

Subtrude <Xpage=1438>

Sub*trude" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Subtruded ; p. pr. & vb. n. Subtruding .] [Pref. sub- + L. trudere to thrust.] To place under; to insert. [R.]

Subturriculate <Xpage=1438>

Sub`tur*ric"u*late (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Somewhat turriculate.

Subtutor <Xpage=1438>

Sub*tu"tor (?) , n. An under tutor.

Subtypical <Xpage=1438>

Sub*typ"ic*al (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Deviating somewhat from the type of a species, genus, or other group; slightly aberrant.

Subulate, Subulated <Xpage=1438>

Su"bu*late (?) , Su"bu*la`ted (?) , a. [NL. subulatus , fr. L. subula an awl.] Very narrow, and tapering gradually to a fine point from a broadish base; awl-shaped; linear.

Subulicornes <Xpage=1438>

Su`bu*li*cor"nes (?) , n. pl. [NL., from L. subula an awl + cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of insects having slender or subulate antenn\'91. The dragon flies and May flies are examples.

Subuliform <Xpage=1438>

Su"bu*li*form (?) , a. Subulate.

Subulipalp <Xpage=1438>

Su"bu*li*palp` (?) , n. [L. subula an awl + E. palp .] (Zo\'94l.) One of a group of carabid beetles having slender palpi.

Subumbonal <Xpage=1438>

Sub`um*bo"nal (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Beneath or forward of the umbos of a bivalve shell.

Subumbrella <Xpage=1438>

Sub`um*brel"la (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The integument of the under surface of the bell, or disk-shaped body, of a jellyfish.

Subundation <Xpage=1438>

Sub`un*da"tion (?) , n. [Pref. sub- + L. unda a wave.] A flood; a deluge. [Obs.]

Huloet.

Subungual <Xpage=1438>

Sub*un"gual (?) , a. Under the nail or hoof.

Suburb <Xpage=1438>

Sub"urb (?) , n. [L. suburbium ; sub under, below, near + urbs a city. See Urban .] 1. An outlying part of a city or town; a smaller place immediately adjacent to a city; in the plural, the region which is on the confines of any city or large town; as, a house stands in the suburbs ; a garden situated in the suburbs of Paris . "In the suburbs of a town."

Chaucer.

[London] could hardly have contained less than thirty or forty thousand souls within its walls; and the suburbs were very populous. Hallam.

2. Hence, the confines; the outer part; the environment. "The suburbs . . . of sorrow."

Jer. Taylor.

The suburb of their straw-built citadel. Milton.

Suburb roister , a rowdy; a loafer. [Obs.] Milton.

Suburban <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ur"ban (?) , a. [L. suburbanus .] Of or pertaining to suburbs; inhabiting, or being in, the suburbs of a city. " Suburban taverns."

Longfellow.

Suburban villas, highway-side retreats, . . . Delight the citizen. Cowper.

Suburban <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ur"ban , n. One who dwells in the suburbs.

Suburbed <Xpage=1438>

Sub"urbed (?) , a. Having a suburb or suburbs on its outer part.

Suburbial, Suburbian <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ur"bi*al (?) , Sub*ur"bi*an (?) , a. Suburban. [Obs.] " Suburbial fields." Warton . " Suburbian muse." Dryden .

Suburbicarian, Suburbicary <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ur`bi*ca"ri*an (?) , Sub*ur"bi*ca*ry (?) , a. [LL. suburbicarius , equiv. to L. suburbanus : cf. F. suburbicaire . See Suburban .] Being in the suburbs; -- applied to the six dioceses in the suburbs of Rome subject to the pope as bishop of Rome.

The pope having stretched his authority beyond the bounds of his suburbicarian precincts. Barrow.

Suburethral <Xpage=1438>

Sub`u*re"thral (?) , a. (Anat.) Situated under the urethra, or under its orifice.

Subvaginal <Xpage=1438>

Sub*vag"i*nal (?) , a. (Anat.) Situated under or inside a sheath or vaginal membrane; as, the subvaginal , or subdural, spaces about the optic nerve .

Subvariety <Xpage=1438>

Sub`va*ri"e*ty (?) , n. ; pl. -ties (<?/) . A subordinate variety, or a division of a variety.

Subvene <Xpage=1438>

Sub*vene" (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Subvened (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Subvening .] [Pref. sub- + L. venire to come. See Subvention .] To come under, as a support or stay; to happen.

A future state must needs subvene to prevent the whole edifice from falling into ruin. Bp. Warburton.

Subventaneous <Xpage=1438>

Sub`ven*ta"ne*ous (?) , a. [Pref. sub- + L. ventus wind.] Produced by the wind. [Obs.]

Subvention <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ven"tion (?) , n. [F., fr. LL. subventio , fr. L. subvenire to come up to one's assistance, to assist. See Souvenir , and cf. Subvene .] 1. The act of coming under. "The subvention of a cloud."

Stackhouse.

2. The act of relieving, as of a burden; support; aid; assistance; help.

3. A government aid or bounty.

Subvention <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ven"tion , v. t. To subventionize.

Subventionize <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ven"tion*ize (?) , v. t. To come to the aid of; to subsidize; to support.

Subventitious <Xpage=1438>

Sub`ven*ti"tious (?) , a. Helping; aiding; supporting.

Urquhart.

Subverse <Xpage=1438>

Sub*verse" (?) , v. t. [L. subversus , p.p. of subvertere . See Subvert .] To subvert. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Subversion <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ver"sion (?) , n. [L. subversio : cf. F. subversion . See Subvert .] The act of overturning, or the state of being overturned; entire overthrow; an overthrow from the foundation; utter ruin; destruction; as, the subversion of a government; the subversion of despotic power; the subversion of the constitution.

The subversion [by a storm] of woods and timber . . . through my whole estate. Evelyn.

Laws have been often abused to the oppression and subversion of that order they were intended to preserve. Rogers.

Subversionary <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ver"sion*a*ry (?) , a. Promoting destruction.

Subversive <Xpage=1438>

Sub*ver"sive (?) , a. [Cf. F. subversif .] Tending to subvert; having a tendency to overthrow and ruin.

Lying is a vice subversive of the very ends and design of conversation. Rogers.

Subvert <Xpage=1438>

Sub*vert" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Subverted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Subverting .] [L. subvertere , subversum ; sub under + vertere to turn: cf. F. subvertir . See Verse .] 1. To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly.

These are his substance, sinews, arms, and strength, With which he yoketh your rebellious necks, Razeth your cities, and subverts your towns. Shak.