The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
Chapter 1650
2. (Bot.) A layer or mass of cellular tissue, especially that part of the thallus of certain fungi which incloses the perithecia.
Stromatic <Xpage=1427>
Stro*mat"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ coverlet of a bed, pl. <?/ patchwork (for such a coverlet), also applied to several miscellaneous writings, fr. <?/ anything spread out for resting upon, a bed, fr. <?/ to spread out.] Miscellaneous; composed of different kinds.
Stromatology <Xpage=1427>
Stro`ma*tol"o*gy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/, a bed + -logy .] (Geol.) The history of the formation of stratified rocks.
Stromb <Xpage=1427>
Stromb (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine univalve mollusk of the genus Strombus and allied genera. See Conch , and Strombus .
Strombite <Xpage=1427>
Strom"bite (?) , n. (Paleon.) A fossil shell of the genus Strombus.
Stromboid <Xpage=1427>
Strom"boid (?) , a. [ Strombus + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Of, pertaining to, or like, Strombus.
Strombuliform <Xpage=1427>
Strom*bu"li*form (?) , a. [NL. strombulus , dim. of strombus + -form . See Strombus .] 1. (Geol.) Formed or shaped like a top.
2. (Bot.) Coiled into the shape of a screw or a helix.
Strombus <Xpage=1427>
Strom"bus (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of marine gastropods in which the shell has the outer lip dilated into a broad wing. It includes many large and handsome species commonly called conch shells , or conchs . See Conch .
Stromeyerite <Xpage=1427>
Stro"mey`er*ite (?) , n. [So named from the German chemist Friedrich Stromeyer .] (Min.) A steel-gray mineral of metallic luster. It is a sulphide of silver and copper.
Strond <Xpage=1427>
Strond (?) , n. Strand; beach. [Obs.]
Shak.
<page="1428"> Page 1428
Strong <Xpage=1428>
Strong (?) , a. [ Compar. Stronger (?) ; superl. Strongest (?) .] [AS. strang , strong ; akin to D. & G. streng strict, rigorous, OHG. strengi strong, brave, harsh, Icel. strangr strong, severe, Dan. streng , Sw. str\'84ng strict, severe. Cf. Strength , Stretch , String .] 1. Having active physical power, or great physical power to act; having a power of exerting great bodily force; vigorous.
That our oxen may be strong to labor. Ps. cxliv. 14.
Orses the strong to greater strength must yield. Dryden.
2. Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.
3. Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able to withstand violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as, a strong beam; a strong rock; a strong fortress or town.
4. Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.
5. Having great wealth, means, or resources; as, a strong house, or company of merchants .
6. Reaching a certain degree or limit in respect to strength or numbers; as, an army ten thousand strong .
7. Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.
8. Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.
9. Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.
Her mother, ever strong against that match. Shak.
10. Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.
11. Full of spirit; containing a large proportion of alcohol; intoxicating; as, strong liquors .
12. Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
13. Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat .
Heb. v. 12.
14. Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.
15. Violent; vehement; earnest; ardent.
He had offered up prayers and supplications with strong crying and tears. Heb. v. 7.
16. Having great force, vigor, power, or the like, as the mind, intellect, or any faculty; as, a man of a strong mind, memory, judgment, or imagination .
I was stronger in prophecy than in criticism. Dryden.
17. Vigorous; effective; forcible; powerful.
Like her sweet voice is thy harmonious song, As high, as sweet, as easy, and as strong . E. Smith.
18. (Stock Exchange) Tending to higher prices; rising; as, a strong market .
19. (Gram.) (a) Pertaining to, or designating, a verb which forms its preterit (imperfect) by a variation in the root vowel, and the past participle (usually) by the addition of -en (with or without a change of the root vowel); as in the verbs strive , strove , striven ; break , broke , broken ; drink , drank , drunk . Opposed to weak , or regular . See Weak . (b) Applied to forms in Anglo-Saxon, etc., which retain the old declensional endings. In the Teutonic languages the vowel stems have held the original endings most firmly, and are called strong ; the stems in -n are called weak other constant stems conform, or are irregular.
F. A. March.
Strong conjugation (Gram.) , the conjugation of a strong verb; -- called also old, ∨ irregular, conjugation , and distinguished from the weak, ∨ regular, conjugation .
&hand; Strong is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, strong -backed, strong -based, strong -bodied, strong -colored, strong -fisted, strong -handed, strong -ribbed, strong -smelling, strong -voiced, etc.
Syn. -- Vigorous; powerful; stout; solid; firm; hardy; muscular; forcible; cogent; valid. See Robust .
Stronghand <Xpage=1428>
Strong"hand` (?) , n. Violence; force; power.
It was their meaning to take what they needed by stronghand . Sir W. Raleigh.
Stronghold <Xpage=1428>
Strong"hold` (?) , n. A fastness; a fort or fortress; fortfield place; a place of security.
Strongish <Xpage=1428>
Strong"ish , a. Somewhat strong.
Strongly <Xpage=1428>
Strong"ly , adv. In a strong manner; so as to be strong in action or in resistance; with strength; with great force; forcibly; powerfully; firmly; vehemently; as, a town strongly fortified; he objected strongly .
Strong-minded <Xpage=1428>
Strong"-mind`ed (?) , a. Having a vigorous mind; esp., having or affecting masculine qualities of mind; -- said of women. -- Strong"-mind`ed*ness , n.
Strong-water <Xpage=1428>
Strong"-wa`ter (?) , n. 1. An acid. [Obs.]
2. Distilled or ardent spirits; intoxicating liquor.
Strongylid <Xpage=1428>
Stron"gy*lid (?) , a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Strongyloid.
Strongyloid <Xpage=1428>
Stron"gy*loid (?) , a. [NL. Strongylus the genus (from Gr. <?/ round) + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Like, or pertaining to, Strongylus , a genus of parasitic nematode worms of which many species infest domestic animals. Some of the species, especially those living in the kidneys, lungs, and bronchial tubes, are often very injurious. -- n. A strongyloid worm.
Strontia <Xpage=1428>
Stron"ti*a (?) , n. [NL. strontia , fr. Strontian , in Argyleshire, Scotland, where strontianite was first found.] (Chem.) An earth of a white color resembling lime in appearance, and baryta in many of its properties. It is an oxide of the metal strontium.
Strontian <Xpage=1428>
Stron"ti*an (?) , n. (Min.) Strontia.
Strontianite <Xpage=1428>
Stron"ti*an*ite (?) , n. (Min.) Strontium carbonate, a mineral of a white, greenish, or yellowish color, usually occurring in fibrous massive forms, but sometimes in prismatic crystals.
Strontic <Xpage=1428>
Stron"tic (?) , a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to strontium; containing, or designating the compounds of, strontium.
Strontitic <Xpage=1428>
Stron*tit"ic (?) , a. Strontic.
Strontium <Xpage=1428>
Stron"ti*um (?) , n. [NL. See Strontia .] (Chem.) A metallic element of the calcium group, always naturally occurring combined, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc. It is isolated as a yellowish metal, somewhat malleable but harder than calcium. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. Symbol Sr. Atomic weight 87.3.
<-- Strontium-90. A radioactive isotope of strontium produced by certain nuclear reactions, and constituting one of the prominent harmful components of radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions; also called radiostrontium. It has a half-life of 28 years. -->
Strook <Xpage=1428>
Strook (?) , obs. imp. of Strike .
Dryden.
Strook <Xpage=1428>
Strook , n. A stroke. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Stroot <Xpage=1428>
Stroot (?) , v. t. [Cf. Strut , v. i. ] To swell out; to strut. [Obs.]
Chapman.
Strop <Xpage=1428>
Strop (?) , n. [See Strap .] A strap; specifically, same as Strap , 3.
Strop <Xpage=1428>
Strop , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Stropped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Stropping .] To draw over, or rub upon, a strop with a view to sharpen; as, to strop a razor .
Strop <Xpage=1428>
Strop , n. [Cf. F. estrope , \'82trope , fr. L. struppus . See Strop a strap.] (Naut.) A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round a block for hanging it.
Strophanthus <Xpage=1428>
Stro*phan"thus (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ a turning + <?/ a flower.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical apocynaceous shrubs having singularly twisted flowers. One species ( Strophanthus hispidus ) is used medicinally as a cardiac sedative and stimulant.
Strophe <Xpage=1428>
Stro"phe (?) , n. ; pl. Strophes (#) . [NL., from Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ to twist, to turn; perh. akin to E. strap .] In Greek choruses and dances, the movement of the chorus while turning from the right to the left of the orchestra; hence, the strain, or part of the choral ode, sung during this movement. Also sometimes used of a stanza of modern verse. See the Note under Antistrophe .
Strophic <Xpage=1428>
Stroph"ic (?) , a. Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, strophes.
Strophiolate, Strophiolated <Xpage=1428>
Stro"phi*o*late (?) , Stro"phi*o*la`ted (?) , a. (Bot.) Furnished with a strophiole, or caruncle, or that which resembles it.
Gray.
Strophiole <Xpage=1428>
Stro"phi*ole (?) , n. [L. strophiolum a little chaplet, dim. of strophium a band, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/ a twisted band: cf. F. strophiole .] (Bot.) A crestlike excrescence about the hilum of certain seeds; a caruncle.
Strophulus <Xpage=1428>
Stroph"u*lus (?) , n. [NL.] (Med.) See Red-gum , 1.
Stroud <Xpage=1428>
Stroud (?) , n. A kind of coarse blanket or garment used by the North American Indians.
Strouding <Xpage=1428>
Stroud"ing , n. Material for strouds; a kind of coarse cloth used in trade with the North American Indians.
Strout <Xpage=1428>
Strout (?) , v. i. [See Strut .] To swell; to puff out; to project. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Strout <Xpage=1428>
Strout , v. t. To cause to project or swell out; to enlarge affectedly; to strut. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Strove <Xpage=1428>
Strove (?) , imp. of Strive .
Strow <Xpage=1428>
Strow (?) , v. t. [ imp. Strowed (?) ; p. p. Strown (?) ∨ Strowed .] Same as Strew .
Thick as autumnal leaves that strow the brooks In Vallombrosa. Milton.
A manner turbid . . . and strown with blemished. M. Arnold.
Strowl <Xpage=1428>
Strowl (?) , v. i. To stroll. [Obs.]
Strown <Xpage=1428>
Strown (?) , p. p. of Strow .
Stroy <Xpage=1428>
Stroy (?) , v. i. To destroy. [Obs.]
Tusser.
Struck <Xpage=1428>
Struck (?) , imp. & p. p. of Strike .
Struck jury (Law) , a special jury, composed of persons having special knowledge or qualifications, selected by striking from the panel of jurors a certain number for each party, leaving the number required by law to try the cause.
Strucken <Xpage=1428>
Struck"en (?) , obs. p. p. of Strike .
Shak.
Structural <Xpage=1428>
Struc"tur*al (?) , a. 1. Of or pertaining to structure; affecting structure; as, a structural error .
2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to organit structure; as, a structural element or cell; the structural peculiarities of an animal or a plant.
Structural formula . (Chem.) See Rational formula , under Formula . <-- a symbolic representation of the structure of one molecule of a chemical compound, showing the attachments of the atoms to each other; it may or may not depict the stereochemical relations of the bonds. Distinguished from empirical formula . -->
Structure <Xpage=1428>
Struc"ture (?) , n. [L. structura , from struere , structum , to arrange, build, construct; perhaps akin to E. strew : cf. F. structure . Cf. Construe , Destroy , Instrument , Obstruct .] 1. The act of building; the practice of erecting buildings; construction. [R.]
His son builds on, and never is content Till the last farthing is in structure spent. J. Dryden, Jr.
2. Manner of building; form; make; construction.
Want of insight into the structure and constitution of the terraqueous globe. Woodward.
3. Arrangement of parts, of organs, or of constituent particles, in a substance or body; as, the structure of a rock or a mineral; the structure of a sentence .
It [basalt] has often a prismatic structure . Dana.
4. (Biol.) Manner of organization; the arrangement of the different tissues or parts of animal and vegetable organisms; as, organic structure , or the structure of animals and plants; cellular structure .
5. That which is built; a building; esp., a building of some size or magnificence; an edifice.
There stands a structure of majestic frame. Pope.
Columnar structure . See under Columnar .
Structured <Xpage=1428>
Struc"tured (?) , a. (Biol.) Having a definite organic structure; showing differentiation of parts.
The passage from a structureless state to a structured state is itself a vital process. H. Spencer.
Structureless <Xpage=1428>
Struc"ture*less (?) , a. Without a definite structure, or arrangement of parts; without organization; devoid of cells; homogeneous; as, a structureless membrane .
Structurist <Xpage=1428>
Struc"tur*ist (?) , n. One who forms structures; a builder; a constructor. [R.]
Strude <Xpage=1428>
Strude (?) , n. A stock of breeding mares. [Written also strode .] [Obs.]
Bailey.
Struggle <Xpage=1428>
Strug"gle (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Struggled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Struggling (?) .] [OE. strogelen ; cf. Icel. strj<?/ka to stroke, to beat, to flog, Sw. stryka to stroke, to strike, Dan. stryge , G. straucheln to stumble. Cf. Stroll .] 1. To strive, or to make efforts, with a twisting, or with contortions of the body.
2. To use great efforts; to labor hard; to strive; to contend forcibly; as, to struggle to save one's life; to struggle with the waves; to struggle with adversity .
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it [Gettysburg] far above our power to add or detract. Lincoln.
3. To labor in pain or anguish; to be in agony; to labor in any kind of difficulty or distress.
'T is wisdom to beware, And better shun the bait than struggle in the snare. Dryden.
Syn. -- To strive; contend; labor; endeavor.
Struggle <Xpage=1428>
Strug"gle (?) , n. 1. A violent effort or efforts with contortions of the body; agony; distress.
2. Great labor; forcible effort to obtain an object, or to avert an evil.
Macaulay.
3. Contest; contention; strife.
An honest might look upon the struggle with indifference. Addison.
Syn. -- Endeavor; effort; contest; labor; difficulty.
Struggler <Xpage=1428>
Strug"gler (?) , n. One who struggles.
Strull <Xpage=1428>
Strull (?) , n. A bar so placed as to resist weight.
Strum <Xpage=1428>
Strum (?) , v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Strummed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Strumming .] [Probably of imitative origin. Cf. Thrum .] To play on an instrument of music, or as on an instrument, in an unskillful or noisy way; to thrum; as, to strum a piano .
Struma <Xpage=1428>
Stru"ma (?) , n. [L., a scrofulous tumor.] 1. (Med.) Scrofula.
2. (Bot.) A cushionlike swelling on any organ; especially, that at the base of the capsule in many mosses.
Strumatic <Xpage=1428>
Stru*mat"ic (?) , a. Scrofulous; strumous.
Strumose <Xpage=1428>
Stru*mose" (?) , a. [L. strumosus : cf. F. strumeux .] 1. (Med.) Strumous.
2. (Bot.) Having a struma.
Strumous <Xpage=1428>
Stru"mous (?) , a. (Med.) Scrofulous; having struma.
Strumousness <Xpage=1428>
Stru"mous*ness , n. The state of being strumous.
Strumpet <Xpage=1428>
Strum"pet (?) , n. [OE. strumpet , strompet ; cf. OF. stupe debauchery, F. stupe , L. stuprare , stupratum , to debauch, stuprum debauchery, Gael. & Ir. striopach a prostitute.] A prostitute; a harlot.
Shak.