Chapter 1640

Stond , v. i. To stand. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Stone <Xpage=1418>

Stone (?) , n. [OE. ston , stan , AS. st\'ben ; akin to OS. & OFries. st\'c7n , D. steen , G. stein , Icel. steinn , Sw. sten , Dan. steen , Goth. stains , Russ. stiena a wall, Gr. <?/, <?/, a pebble. \'fb167. Cf. Steen .] 1. Concreted earthy or mineral matter; also, any particular mass of such matter; as, a house built of stone ; the boy threw a stone ; pebbles are rounded stones . "Dumb as a stone ."

Chaucer.

They had brick for stone , and slime . . . for mortar. Gen. xi. 3.

&hand; In popular language, very large masses of stone are called rocks ; small masses are called stones ; and the finer kinds, gravel , or sand , or grains of sand . Stone is much and widely used in the construction of buildings of all kinds, for walls, fences, piers, abutments, arches, monuments, sculpture, and the like.

2. A precious stone; a gem. "Many a rich stone ." Chaucer . "Inestimable stones , unvalued jewels." Shak .

3. Something made of stone. Specifically: -

(a) The glass of a mirror; a mirror. [Obs.]

Lend me a looking-glass; If that her breath will mist or stain the stone , Why, then she lives. Shak.

(b) A monument to the dead; a gravestone.

Gray.

Should some relenting eye Glance on the where our cold relics lie. Pope.

4. (Med.) A calculous concretion, especially one in the kidneys or bladder; the disease arising from a calculus.

5. One of the testes; a testicle.

Shak.

6. (Bot.) The hard endocarp of drupes; as, the stone of a cherry or peach . See Illust . of Endocarp .

7. A weight which legally is fourteen pounds, but in practice varies with the article weighed. [Eng.]

&hand; The stone of butchers' meat or fish is reckoned at 8 lbs.; of cheese, 16 lbs.; of hemp, 32 lbs.; of glass, 5 lbs.

8. Fig.: Symbol of hardness and insensibility; torpidness; insensibility; as, a heart of stone .

I have not yet forgot myself to stone . Pope.

9. (Print.) A stand or table with a smooth, flat top of stone, commonly marble, on which to arrange the pages of a book, newspaper, etc., before printing; -- called also imposing stone .

&hand; Stone is used adjectively or in composition with other words to denote made of stone , containing a stone or stones , employed on stone , or, more generally, of or pertaining to stone or stones ; as, stone fruit, or stone -fruit; stone -hammer, or stone hammer; stone falcon, or stone -falcon. Compounded with some adjectives it denotes a degree of the quality expressed by the adjective equal to that possessed by a stone; as, stone -dead, stone -blind, stone -cold, stone -still, etc.

Atlantic stone , ivory. [Obs.] "Citron tables, or Atlantic stone ." Milton . -- Bowing stone . Same as Cromlech . Encyc. Brit. -- Meteoric stones , stones which fall from the atmosphere, as after the explosion of a meteor. -- Philosopher's stone . See under Philosopher . -- Rocking stone . See Rocking-stone . -- Stone age , a supposed prehistoric age of the world when stone and bone were habitually used as the materials for weapons and tools; -- called also flint age . The bronze age succeeded to this. -- Stone bass (Zo\'94l.) , any one of several species of marine food fishes of the genus Serranus and allied genera, as Serranus Couchii , and Polyprion cernium of Europe; -- called also sea perch . -- Stone biter (Zo\'94l.) , the wolf fish. -- Stone boiling , a method of boiling water or milk by dropping hot stones into it, -- in use among savages. Tylor . -- Stone borer (Zo\'94l.) , any animal that bores stones; especially, one of certain bivalve mollusks which burrow in limestone. See Lithodomus , and Saxicava . -- Stone bramble (Bot.) , a European trailing species of bramble ( Rubus saxatilis ). -- Stone-break . [Cf. G. steinbrech .] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Saxifraga ; saxifrage. -- Stone bruise , a sore spot on the bottom of the foot, from a bruise by a stone. -- Stone canal . (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sand canal , under Sand . -- Stone cat (Zo\'94l.) , any one of several species of small fresh-water North American catfishes of the genus Noturus . They have sharp pectoral spines with which they inflict painful wounds. -- Stone coal , hard coal; mineral coal; anthracite coal. -- Stone coral (Zo\'94l.) , any hard calcareous coral. -- Stone crab . (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large crab ( Menippe mercenaria ) found on the southern coast of the United States and much used as food. (b) A European spider crab ( Lithodes maia ) . Stone crawfish (Zo\'94l.) , a European crawfish ( Astacus torrentium ), by many writers considered only a variety of the common species ( A. fluviatilis ). -- Stone curlew . (Zo\'94l.) (a) A large plover found in Europe ( Edicnemus crepitans ). It frequents stony places. Called also thick-kneed plover or bustard , and thick-knee . (b) The whimbrel . [Prov. Eng.] (c) The willet. [Local, U.S.] -- Stone crush . Same as Stone bruise , above. -- Stone eater . (Zo\'94l.) Same as Stone borer , above. -- Stone falcon (Zo\'94l.) , the merlin. -- Stone fern (Bot.) , a European fern ( Asplenium Ceterach ) which grows on rocks and walls. -- Stone fly (Zo\'94l.) , any one of many species of pseudoneuropterous insects of the genus Perla and allied genera; a perlid. They are often used by anglers for bait. The larv\'91 are aquatic. -- Stone fruit (Bot.) , any fruit with a stony endocarp; a drupe, as a peach, plum, or cherry. -- Stone grig (Zo\'94l.) , the mud lamprey, or pride. -- Stone hammer , a hammer formed with a face at one end, and a thick, blunt edge, parallel with the handle, at the other, -- used for breaking stone. -- Stone hawk (Zo\'94l.) , the merlin; -- so called from its habit of sitting on bare stones. -- Stone jar , a jar made of stoneware. -- Stone lily (Paleon.) , a fossil crinoid. -- Stone lugger . (Zo\'94l.) See Stone roller , below. -- Stone marten (Zo\'94l.) , a European marten ( Mustela foina ) allied to the pine marten, but having a white throat; -- called also beech marten . -- Stone mason , a mason who works or builds in stone. -- Stone-mortar (Mil.) , a kind of large mortar formerly used in sieges for throwing a mass of small stones short distances. -- Stone oil , rock oil, petroleum. -- Stone parsley (Bot.) , an umbelliferous plant ( Seseli Labanotis ). See under Parsley . -- Stone pine . (Bot.) A nut pine. See the Note under Pine , and Pi\'a4on . -- Stone pit , a quarry where stones are dug. -- Stone pitch , hard, inspissated pitch. -- Stone plover . (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European stone curlew . (b) Any one of several species of Asiatic plovers of the genus Esacus ; as, the large stone plover ( E. recurvirostris ) . (c) The gray or black-bellied plover . [Prov. Eng.] (d) The ringed plover. (e) The bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.] Also applied to other species of limicoline birds. -- Stone roller . (Zo\'94l.) (a) An American fresh-water fish ( Catostomus nigricans ) of the Sucker family. Its color is yellowish olive, often with dark blotches. Called also stone lugger , stone toter , hog sucker , hog mullet . (b) A common American cyprinoid fish ( Campostoma anomalum ); -- called also stone lugger . -- Stone's cast , &or; Stone's throw , the distance to which a stone may be thrown by the hand. -- Stone snipe (Zo\'94l.) , the greater yellowlegs, or tattler. [Local, U.S.] -- Stone toter . (Zo\'94l.) (a) See Stone roller (a) , above . (b) A cyprinoid fish ( Exoglossum maxillingua ) found in the rivers from Virginia to New York. It has a three-lobed lower lip; -- called also cutlips . -- To leave no stone unturned , to do everything that can be done; to use all practicable means to effect an object.

Stone <Xpage=1418>

Stone (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Stoned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Stoning .] [From Stone , n. : cf. AS. st<?/nan , Goth. stainjan .] 1. To pelt, beat, or kill with stones.

And they stoned Stephen, calling upon God, and saying, Lord Jesus, receive my spirit. Acts vii. 59.

2. To make like stone; to harden.

O perjured woman! thou dost stone my heart. Shak.

3. To free from stones; also, to remove the seeds of; as, to stone a field; to stone cherries; to stone raisins .

4. To wall or face with stones; to line or fortify with stones; as, to stone a well; to stone a cellar .

5. To rub, scour, or sharpen with a stone.

<-- get stoned, be stoned? -->

<page="1419"> Page 1419

Stonebird <Xpage=1419>

Stone"bird` (?) , n. The yellowlegs; -- called also stone snipe . See Tattler , 2. [Local, U.S.]

Stone-blind <Xpage=1419>

Stone"-blind` (?) , a. As blind as a stone; completely blind.

Stonebow <Xpage=1419>

Stone"bow` (?) , n. A kind of crossbow formerly used for shooting stones.

Shak.

Stonebrash <Xpage=1419>

Stone"brash` (?) , n. A subsoil made up of small stones or finely-broken rock; brash.

Stonebrearer <Xpage=1419>

Stone"brear`er (?) , n. A machine for crushing or hammering stone.

Knight.

Stonebuck <Xpage=1419>

Stone"buck` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Steinbock .

Stonechat <Xpage=1419>

Stone"chat` (?) , n. [ Stone + chat .] [So called from the similarity of its alarm note to the clicking together of two pebbles.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small, active, and very common European singing bird ( Pratincola rubicola ); -- called also chickstone , stonechacker , stonechatter , stoneclink , stonesmith . (b) The wheatear. (c) The blue titmouse.

&hand; The name is sometimes applied to various species of Saxicola , Pratincola , and allied genera; as, the pied stonechat of India ( Saxicola picata ).

Stone-cold <Xpage=1419>

Stone"-cold` (?) , a. Cold as a stone.

Stone-cold without, within burnt with love's flame. Fairfax.

Stonecray <Xpage=1419>

Stone"cray` (?) , n. [ Stone + F. craie chalk, L. creta .] A distemper in hawks.

Stonecrop <Xpage=1419>

Stone"crop` (?) , n. [AS. st\'bencropp .] 1. A sort of tree. [Obs.]

Mortimer.

2. (Bot.) Any low succulent plant of the genus Sedum , esp. Sedum acre , which is common on bare rocks in Europe, and is spreading in parts of America. See Orpine .

Virginian , &or; Ditch , stonecrop , an American plant ( Penthorum sedoides ).

Stonecutter <Xpage=1419>

Stone"cut`ter (?) , n. One whose occupation is to cut stone; also, a machine for dressing stone.

Stonecutting <Xpage=1419>

Stone"cut`ting (?) , n. Hewing or dressing stone.

Stone-dead <Xpage=1419>

Stone"-dead` (?) , a. As dead as a stone.

Stone-deaf <Xpage=1419>

Stone"-deaf` (?) , a. As deaf as a stone; completely deaf.

Stonegall <Xpage=1419>

Stone"gall` (?) , n. [Cf. D. steengal , G. steingall . See Stannel .] (Zo\'94l.) See Stannel . [Prov. Eng.]

Stonehatch <Xpage=1419>

Stone"hatch` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The ring plover, or dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]

Stone-hearted <Xpage=1419>

Stone"-heart`ed (?) , a. Hard-hearted; cruel; pitiless; unfeeling.

Stonehenge <Xpage=1419>

Stone"henge (?) , n. An assemblage of upright stones with others placed horizontally on their tops, on Salisbury Plain, England, -- generally supposed to be the remains of an ancient Druidical temple.

Stone-horse <Xpage=1419>

Stone"-horse` (?) , n. Stallion. [Obs.]

Mortimer.

Stoner <Xpage=1419>

Ston"er (?) , n. 1. One who stones; one who makes an assault with stones.

2. One who walls with stones.

Stoneroot <Xpage=1419>

Stone"root` (?) , n. (Bot.) A North American plant ( Collinsonia Canadensis ) having a very hard root; horse balm. See Horse balm , under Horse .

Stonerunner <Xpage=1419>

Stone"run`ner (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The ring plover, or the ringed dotterel. [Prov. Eng.] (b) The dotterel. [Prov. Eng.]

Stonesmickle <Xpage=1419>

Stone"smic`kle (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The stonechat; -- called also stonesmitch . [Prov. Eng.]

Stone-still <Xpage=1419>

Stone"-still` (?) , a. As still as a stone.

Shak.

Stoneware <Xpage=1419>

Stone"ware` (?) , n. A species of coarse potter's ware, glazed and baked.

Stoneweed <Xpage=1419>

Stone"weed` (?) , n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Lithospermum , herbs having a fruit composed of four stony nutlets.

Stonework <Xpage=1419>

Stone"work` (?) , n. Work or wall consisting of stone; mason's work of stone.

Mortimer.

Stonewort <Xpage=1419>

Stone"wort` (?) , n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Chara; -- so called because they are often incrusted with carbonate of lime. See Chara .

Stonily <Xpage=1419>

Ston"i*ly (?) , adv. In a stony manner.

Stoniness <Xpage=1419>

Ston"i*ness , n. The quality or state of being stony.

Stonish <Xpage=1419>

Ston"ish , a. Stony. [R.] "Possessed with stonish insensibility."

Robynson (More's Utopia).

Stont <Xpage=1419>

Stont (?) , obs. 3d pers. sing. present of Stand .

Stony <Xpage=1419>

Ston"y (?) , a. [ Compar. Stonier (?) ; superl. Stoniest .] [AS. st\'benig . See Stone .] 1. Of or pertaining to stone, consisting of, or abounding in, stone or stones; resembling stone; hard; as, a stony tower; a stony cave; stony ground; a stony crust .

2. Converting into stone; petrifying; petrific.

The stony dart of senseless cold. Spenser.

3. Inflexible; cruel; unrelenting; pitiless; obdurate; perverse; cold; morally hard; appearing as if petrified; as, a stony heart; a stony gaze .

Stony coral . (Zo\'94l.) Same as Stone coral , under Stone .

Stood <Xpage=1419>

Stood (?) , imp. & p. p. of Stand .

Stook <Xpage=1419>

Stook (?) , n. [Scot. stook , stouk ; cf. LG. stuke a heap, bundle, G. stauche a truss, bundle of flax.] (Agric.) A small collection of sheaves set up in the field; a shock; in England, twelve sheaves.

Stook <Xpage=1419>

Stook , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Stooked (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Stooking .] (Agric.) To set up, as sheaves of grain, in stooks.

Stool <Xpage=1419>

Stool (?) , n. [L. stolo . See Stolon .] (Hort.) A plant from which layers are propagated by bending its branches into the soil.

P. Henderson.

Stool <Xpage=1419>

Stool , v. i. (Agric.) To ramfy; to tiller, as grain; to shoot out suckers.

R. D. Blackmore.

Stool <Xpage=1419>

Stool (?) , n. [AS. st\'d3l a seat; akin to OFries. & OS. st\'d3l , D. stoel , G. stuhl , OHG. stuol , Icel. st\'d3ll , Sw. & Dan. stol , Goth. st\'d3ls , Lith. stalas a table, Russ. stol' ; from the root of E. stand . \'fb163. See Stand , and cf. Fauteuil .] 1. A single seat with three or four legs and without a back, made in various forms for various uses.

2. A seat used in evacuating the bowels; hence, an evacuation; a discharge from the bowels.

3. A stool pigeon, or decoy bird. [U. S.]

4. (Naut.) A small channel on the side of a vessel, for the dead-eyes of the backstays.

Totten.

5. A bishop's seat or see; a bishop-stool.

J. P. Peters.

6. A bench or form for resting the feet or the knees; a footstool; as, a kneeling stool .

7. Material, such as oyster shells, spread on the sea bottom for oyster spat to adhere to. [Local, U.S.]

Stool of a window , &or; Window stool (Arch.) , the flat piece upon which the window shuts down, and which corresponds to the sill of a door; in the United States, the narrow shelf fitted on the inside against the actual sill upon which the sash descends. This is called a window seat when broad and low enough to be used as a seat. Stool of repentance , the cuttystool. [Scot.] -- Stool pigeon , a pigeon used as a decoy to draw others within a net; hence, a person used as a decoy for others.

Stoolball <Xpage=1419>

Stool"ball` (?) , n. A kind of game with balls, formerly common in England, esp. with young women.

Nausicaa With other virgins did at stoolball play. Chapman.

Stoom <Xpage=1419>

Stoom (?) , v. t. [D. stommen to adulterate, to drug (wine). \'fb163. Cf. Stum .] To stum. [R.]

Stoop <Xpage=1419>

Stoop (?) , n. [D. stoep .] (Arch.) Originally, a covered porch with seats, at a house door; the Dutch stoep as introduced by the Dutch into New York. Afterward, an out-of-door flight of stairs of from seven to fourteen steps, with platform and parapets, leading to an entrance door some distance above the street; the French perron . Hence, any porch, platform, entrance stairway, or small veranda, at a house door. [U. S.]

Stoop <Xpage=1419>

Stoop , n. [OE. stope , Icel. staup ; akin to AS. ste\'a0p , D. stoop , G. stauf , OHG. stouph .] A vessel of liquor; a flagon. [Written also stoup .]

Fetch me a stoop of liquor. Shak.

Stoop <Xpage=1419>

Stoop , n. [Cf. Icel. staup a knobby lump.] A post fixed in the earth. [Prov. Eng.]