Chapter 1633

Ste"re*o*scope (?) , n. [ Stereo- + -scope .] An optical instrument for giving to pictures the appearance of solid forms, as seen in nature. It combines in one, through a bending of the rays of light, two pictures, taken for the purpose from points of view a little way apart. It is furnished with two eyeglasses, and by refraction or reflection the pictures are superimposed, so as to appear as one to the observer.

&hand; In the reflecting stereoscope , the rays from the two pictures are turned into the proper direction for stereoscopic vision by two plane mirrors set at an angle with each other, and between the pictures. In the lenticular stereoscope , the form in general use, the eyeglasses are semilenses, or marginal portions of the same convex lenses, set with their edges toward each other, so that they deflect the rays coming from the picture so as to strike the eyes as if coming direct from an intermediate point, where the two pictures are seen apparently as one.

Stereoscopic, Stereoscopical <Xpage=1411>

Ste`re*o*scop"ic (?) , Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the stereoscope; characteristic of, or adapted to, the stereoscope; as, a stereoscopic effect; the stereoscopic function of the eyeglasses; stereoscopic views . -- Ste`re*o*scop"ic*al*ly , adv.

<-- 2. Permitting the perception of depth by exhibiting different views to each eye; as, a sereoscopic microscope, i.e. one in which each eye views the subject from a different angle, through separate optical paths. -->

Stereoscopist <Xpage=1411>

Ste`re*os"co*pist (?) , n. One skilled in the use or construction of stereoscopes.

<page="1412"> Page 1412

Stereoscopy <Xpage=1412>

Ste`re*os"co*py (?) , n. The art or science of using the stereoscope, or of constructing the instrument or the views used with it.

Stereostatic <Xpage=1412>

Ste`re*o*stat"ic (?) , a. [ Stereo- + static .] (Civil. Engin.) Geostatic.

Stereotomic, Stereotomical <Xpage=1412>

Ste`re*o*tom"ic (?) , Ste`re*o*tom"ic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to stereotomy; performed by stereotomy.

Stereotomy <Xpage=1412>

Ste`re*ot"o*my (?) , n. [ Stereo- + Gr. <?/ to cut: cf. F. st\'82r\'82otomie .] The science or art of cutting solids into certain figures or sections, as arches, and the like; especially, the art of stonecutting.

Stereotype <Xpage=1412>

Ste"re*o*type (?) , n. [ Stereo- + -type : cf. F. st\'82r\'82otype .] 1. A plate forming an exact faximile of a page of type or of an engraving, used in printing books, etc.; specifically, a plate with type-metal face, used for printing.

&hand; A stereotype , or stereotypr plate , is made by setting movable type as for ordinary printing; from these a cast is taken in plaster of Paris, paper pulp, or the like, and upon this cast melted type metal is poured, which, when hardened, makes a solid page or column, from which the impression is taken as from type.

2. The art or process of making such plates, or of executing work by means of them.

Stereotype block , a block, usually of wood, to which a stereotype plate is attached while being used in printing.

Stereotype <Xpage=1412>

Ste"re*o*type , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Stereotyped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Stereotyping (?) .] [Cf. F. st\'82r\'82otyper .] 1. To prepare for printing in stereotype; to make the stereotype plates of; as, to stereotype the Bible .

2. Fig.: To make firm or permanent; to fix.

Powerful causes tending to stereotype and aggravate the poverty of old conditions. Duke of Argyll (1887).

Stereotyped <Xpage=1412>

Ste"re*o*typed (?) , a. 1. Formed into, or printed from, stereotype plates.

2. Fig.: Formed in a fixed, unchangeable manner; as, stereotyped opinions .

Our civilization, with its stereotyped ways and smooth conventionalities. J. C. Shairp.

Stereotyper <Xpage=1412>

Ste"re*o*ty`per (?) , n. One who stereotypes; one who makes stereotype plates, or works in a stereotype foundry.

Stereotypery <Xpage=1412>

Ste"re*o*ty`per*y (?) , n. 1. The art, process, or employment of making stereotype plates.

2. A place where stereotype plates are made; a stereotype foundry.

Stereotypic <Xpage=1412>

Ste`re*o*typ"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to stereotype, or stereotype plates.

Stereotypist <Xpage=1412>

Ste"re*o*ty`pist (?) , n. A stereotyper.

Stereotypographer <Xpage=1412>

Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*pher (?) , n. A stereotype printer.

Stereotypography <Xpage=1412>

Ste`re*o*ty*pog"ra*phy (?) , n. [ Stereo- + typography .] The act or art of printing from stereotype plates.

Stereotypy <Xpage=1412>

Ste"re*o*ty`py (?) , n. [Cf. F. st\'82r\'82otypie .] The art or process of making stereotype plates.

Sterhydraulic <Xpage=1412>

Ster`hy*drau"lic (?) , a. [ Stereo- + hydraulic .] Pertaining to, or designating, a kind of hydraulic press; resembling such a press in action or principle.

Sterhydraulic press , an hydraulic press producing pressure or motion by the introduction of a solid substance (as a long rod, or a cord wound on a roller) into a cylinder previously filled with a liquid.

Sterile <Xpage=1412>

Ster"ile (?) , a. [F. st\'82rile , L. sterilis , akin to Gr. stereo`s stiff, solid, stei^ros barren, stei^ra a cow that has not calved, Goth. stair\'d3 , fem., barren. See Stare to gaze.] 1. Producing little or no crop; barren; unfruitful; unproductive; not fertile; as, sterile land; a sterile desert; a sterile year .

2. (Biol.) (a) Incapable of reproduction; unfitted for reproduction of offspring; not able to germinate or bear fruit; unfruitful; as, a sterile flower, which bears only stamens . (b) Free from reproductive spores or germs; as, a sterile fluid .

3. Fig.: Barren of ideas; destitute of sentiment; as, a sterile production or author .

Sterility <Xpage=1412>

Ste*ril"i*ty (?) , n. [L. sterilitas : cf. F. st\'82rilit\'82 .] 1. The quality or condition of being sterile.

2. (Biol.) Quality of being sterile; infecundity; also, the state of being free from germs or spores.

Sterilization <Xpage=1412>

Ster`il*i*za"tion (?) , n. (Biol.) The act or process of sterilizing, or rendering sterile; also, the state of being sterile.

Sterilize <Xpage=1412>

Ster"il*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sterilized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sterilizing (?) .] [Cf. F. st\'82riliser .] 1. To make sterile or unproductive; to impoverish, as land; to exhaust of fertility. [R.] " Sterilizing the earth."

Woodward.

2. (Biol.) (a) To deprive of the power of reproducing; to render incapable of germination or fecundation; to make sterile. (b) To destroy all spores or germs in (an organic fluid or mixture), as by heat, so as to prevent the development of bacterial or other organisms.

Sterlet <Xpage=1412>

Ster"let (?) , n. [Russ. sterliade .] (Zo\'94l.) A small sturgeon ( Acipenser ruthenus ) found in the Caspian Sea and its rivers, and highly esteemed for its flavor. The finest caviare is made from its roe.

Sterling <Xpage=1412>

Ster"ling (?) , n. (Engin.) Same as Starling , 3.

Sterling <Xpage=1412>

Ster"ling , n. [OE. sterlynge , starling , for easterling , LL. esterlingus , probably from Easterling , once the popular name of German trades in England, whose money was of the purest quality: cf. MHG. sterlink a certain coin. Cf. East . "Certain merchants of Norwaie, Denmarke, and of others those parties, called Ostomanni, or (as in our vulgar language we tearme them), easterlings , because they lie east in respect of us." Holinshed . "In the time of . . . King Richard the First, monie coined in the east parts of Germanie began to be of especiall request in England for the puritie thereof, and was called Easterling monie, as all inhabitants of those parts were called Easterlings , and shortly after some of that countrie, skillful in mint matters and allaies, were sent for into this realme to bring the coine to perfection; which since that time was called of them sterling , for Easterling ." Camden . "Four thousand pound of sterlings ." R. of Gloucester .] 1. Any English coin of standard value; coined money.

So that ye offer nobles or sterlings . Chaucer.

And Roman wealth in English sterling view. Arbuthnot.

2. A certain standard of quality or value for money.

Sterling was the known and approved standard in England, in all probability, from the beginning of King Henry the Second's reign. S. M. Leake.

Sterling <Xpage=1412>

Ster"ling (?) , a. 1. Belonging to, or relating to, the standard British money of account, or the British coinage; as, a pound sterling ; a shilling sterling ; a penny sterling ; -- now chiefly applied to the lawful money of England; but sterling cost, sterling value, are used. "With sterling money."

Shak.

2. Genuine; pure; of excellent quality; conforming to the highest standard; of full value; as, a work of sterling merit; a man of sterling good sense .

Stern <Xpage=1412>

Stern (?) , n. [AS. stearn a kind of bird. See Starling .] (Zo\'94l.) The black tern.

Stern <Xpage=1412>

Stern , a. [ Compar. Sterner (?) ; superl. Sternest .] [OE. sterne , sturne , AS. styrne ; cf. D. stuurish stern, Sw. stursk refractory. \'fb166.] Having a certain hardness or severity of nature, manner, or aspect; hard; severe; rigid; rigorous; austere; fixed; unchanging; unrelenting; hence, serious; resolute; harsh; as, a stern resolve; a stern necessity; a stern heart; a stern gaze; a stern decree.

The sterne wind so loud gan to rout. Chaucer.

I would outstare the sternest eyes that look. Shak.

When that the poor have cried, C\'91sar hath wept; Ambition should be made of sterner stuff. Shak.

Stern as tutors, and as uncles hard. Dryden.

These barren rocks, your stern inheritance. Wordsworth.

Syn. -- Gloomy; sullen; forbidding; strict; unkind; hard-hearted; unfeeling; cruel; pitiless.

Stern <Xpage=1412>

Stern , n. [Icel. stj\'d3rn a steering, or a doubtful AS. ste\'a2rn . \'fb166. See Steer , v. t. ] 1. The helm or tiller of a vessel or boat; also, the rudder. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

2. (Naut.) The after or rear end of a ship or other vessel, or of a boat; the part opposite to the stem, or prow.

3. Fig.: The post of management or direction.

And sit chiefest stern of public weal. Shak.

4. The hinder part of anything.

Spenser.

5. The tail of an animal; -- now used only of the tail of a dog.

By the stern . (Naut.) See By the head , under By .

Stern <Xpage=1412>

Stern , a. Being in the stern, or being astern; as, the stern davits .

Stern board (Naut.) , a going or falling astern; a loss of way in making a tack; as, to make a stern board . See Board , n. , 8 (b) . -- Stern chase . (Naut.) (a) See under Chase , n. (b) A stern chaser. -- Stern chaser (Naut.) , a cannon placed in a ship's stern, pointing backward, and intended to annoy a ship that is in pursuit. -- Stern fast (Naut.) , a rope used to confine the stern of a ship or other vessel, as to a wharf or buoy. -- Stern frame (Naut.) , the framework of timber forms the stern of a ship. -- Stern knee . See Sternson . -- Stern port (Naut.) , a port, or opening, in the stern of a ship. -- Stern sheets (Naut.) , that part of an open boat which is between the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers, -- usually furnished with seats for passengers. -- Stern wheel , a paddle wheel attached to the stern of the steamboat which it propels. <-- thus, stern wheeler . -->

Sternage <Xpage=1412>

Stern"age (?) , n. Stern. [R.]

Shak.

Sternal <Xpage=1412>

Ster"nal (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum; in the region of the sternum.

Sternal ribs . See the Note under Rib , n. , 1.

Sternbergite <Xpage=1412>

Stern"berg*ite (?) , n. [So named after Count Kaspar Sternberg of Prague.] (Min.) A sulphide of silver and iron, occurring in soft flexible lamin\'91 varying in color from brown to black.

Sternebra <Xpage=1412>

Ster"ne*bra (?) , n. ; pl. Sternebr\'91 (#) . [NL., fr. sternum + -bra of vertebra .] (Anat.) One of the segments of the sternum. -- Ster"ne*bral (#) , a.

Sterned <Xpage=1412>

Sterned (?) , a. Having a stern of a particular shape; -- used in composition; as, square- sterned .

Sterner <Xpage=1412>

Stern"er (?) , n. [See 3d Stern .] A director. [Obs. & R.]

Dr. R. Clerke.

Sternforemost <Xpage=1412>

Stern`fore"most` (?) , adv. With the stern, instead of the bow, in advance; hence, figuratively, in an awkward, blundering manner.

A fatal genius for going sternforemost . Lowell.

Sternite <Xpage=1412>

Ster"nite (?) , n. [From Sternum .] (Zo\'94l.) The sternum of an arthropod somite.

Sternly <Xpage=1412>

Stern"ly (?) , adv. In a stern manner.

Sternmost <Xpage=1412>

Stern"most` (?) , a. Farthest in the rear; farthest astern; as, the sternmost ship in a convoy .

Sternness <Xpage=1412>

Stern"ness , n. The quality or state of being stern.

Sterno- <Xpage=1412>

Ster"no- (?) . A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with , or relation to , the sternum ; as, sterno costal, sterno scapular .

Sternocoracoid <Xpage=1412>

Ster`no*cor"a*coid (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the coracoid.

Sternocostal <Xpage=1412>

Ster`no*cos"tal (?) , a. [ Sterno- + costal .] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the ribs; as, the sternocostal cartilages .

Sternohyoid <Xpage=1412>

Ster`no*hy"oid (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the hyoid bone or cartilage.

Sternomastoid <Xpage=1412>

Ster`no*mas"toid (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the mastoid process.

Sternothyroid <Xpage=1412>

Ster`no*thy"roid (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sternum and the thyroid cartilage.

Sternpost <Xpage=1412>

Stern"post` (?) , n. (Naut.) A straight piece of timber, or an iron bar or beam, erected on the extremity of the keel to support the rudder, and receive the ends of the planks or plates of the vessel.

Sternsman <Xpage=1412>

Sterns"man (?) , n. A steersman. [Obs.]

Sternson <Xpage=1412>

Stern"son (?) , n. [See Stern , n. , and cf. Stemson .] (Naut.) The end of a ship's keelson, to which the sternpost is bolted; -- called also stern knee .

Sternum <Xpage=1412>

Ster"num (?) , n. ; pl. L. Sterna (#) , E. Sternums (#) . [NL., from Gr. <?/, the breast, chest.] 1. (Anat.) A plate of cartilage, or a series of bony or cartilaginous plates or segments, in the median line of the pectoral skeleton of most vertebrates above fishes; the breastbone.

&hand; The sternum is connected with the ribs or the pectorial girdle, or with both. In man it is a flat bone, broad anteriorly, narrowed behind, and connected with the clavicles and the cartilages of the seven anterior pairs of ribs. In most birds it has a high median keel for the attachment of the muscles of the wings.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The ventral part of any one of the somites of an arthropod.

Sternutation <Xpage=1412>

Ster`nu*ta"tion (?) , n. [L. sternutatio , fr. sternutare to sneeze, intens. from sternuere .] The act of sneezing.

Quincy.

Sternutative <Xpage=1412>

Ster*nu"ta*tive (?) , a. Having the quality of provoking to sneeze.

Sternutatory <Xpage=1412>

Ster*nu"ta*to*ry (?) , a. Sternutative. -- n. A sternutatory substance or medicine.

Sternway <Xpage=1412>

Stern"way` (?) , n. (Naut.) The movement of a ship backward, or with her stern foremost.

Stern-wheel <Xpage=1412>

Stern"-wheel` (?) , a. Having a paddle wheel at the stern; as, a stern-wheel steamer .

Stern-wheeler <Xpage=1412>

Stern"-wheel`er (?) , n. A steamboat having a stern wheel instead of side wheels. [Colloq. U.S.]

Sterquilinous <Xpage=1412>

Ster*quil"i*nous (?) , a. [L. sterquilinium a dung pit, fr. stercus dung.] Pertaining to a dunghill; hence, mean; dirty; paltry. [Obs.]

Howell.

Sterre <Xpage=1412>

Ster"re (?) , n. A star. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Sterrink <Xpage=1412>

Ster"rink (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The crab-eating seal ( Lobodon carcinophaga ) of the Antarctic Ocean.

Sterrometal <Xpage=1412>

Ster"ro*met`al (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ firm, solid + E. metal .] Any alloy of copper, zinc, tin, and iron, of which cannon are sometimes made.

Stert <Xpage=1412>

Stert (?) , obs. p. p. of Start . Started.

Chaucer.

Sterte <Xpage=1412>

Ster"te (?) , obs. p. p. of Start .

Chaucer.

Stertorious <Xpage=1412>

Ster*to"ri*ous (?) , a. Stertorous. [R.]

Stertorous <Xpage=1412>

Ster"to*rous (?) , a. [L. stertere to snore: cf. F. stertoreux .] Characterized by a deep snoring, which accompaines inspiration in some diseases, especially apoplexy; hence, hoarsely breathing; snoring.

Burning, stertorous breath that hurt her cheek. Mrs. Browning.

The day has ebbed away, and it is night in his room, before his stertorous breathing lulls. Dickens.

Sterve <Xpage=1412>

Sterve (?) , v. t. & i. To die, or cause to die; to perish. See Starve . [Obs.]

Chaucer. Spenser.

Stet <Xpage=1412>