Chapter 1587

Sound"-board` (?) , n. A sounding-board.

To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes. Milton.

Sounder <Xpage=1375>

Sound"er (?) , n. One who, or that which; sounds; specifically, an instrument used in telegraphy in place of a register, the communications being read by sound.

Sounder <Xpage=1375>

Sound"er , n. (Zo\'94l.) A herd of wild hogs.

Sounding <Xpage=1375>

Sound"ing , a. Making or emitting sound; hence, sonorous; as, sounding words .

Dryden.

Sounding <Xpage=1375>

Sound"ing , n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, sounds (in any of the senses of the several verbs).

2. (Naut.) [From Sound to fathom.] (a) measurement by sounding; also, the depth so ascertained. (b) Any place or part of the ocean, or other water, where a sounding line will reach the bottom; -- usually in the plural . (c) The sand, shells, or the like, that are brought up by the sounding lead when it has touched bottom.

Sounding lead , the plummet at the end of a sounding line. -- Sounding line , a line having a plummet at the end, used in making soundings. -- Sounding post (Mus.) , a small post in a violin, violoncello, or similar instrument, set under the bridge as a support, for propagating the sounds to the body of the instrument; -- called also sound post . -- Sounding rod (Naut.) , a rod used to ascertain the depth of water in a ship's hold. -- In soundings , within the eighty-fathom line.

Ham. Nav. Encyc.

Sounding-board <Xpage=1375>

Sound"ing-board` (?) , n. 1. (Mus.) A thin board which propagates the sound in a piano, in a violin, and in some other musical instruments.

2. A board or structure placed behind or over a pulpit or rostrum to give distinctness to a speaker's voice.

3. pl. See Sound boarding , under Sound , a noise.

Soundless <Xpage=1375>

Sound"less (?) , a. Not capable of being sounded or fathomed; unfathomable.

Shak.

Soundless <Xpage=1375>

Sound"less , a. Having no sound; noiseless; silent. -- Sound"less*ly , adv. -- Sound"less*ness , n.

Soundly <Xpage=1375>

Sound"ly , adv. In a sound manner.

Soundness <Xpage=1375>

Sound"ness , n. The quality or state of being sound; as, the soundness of timber, of fruit, of the teeth, etc.; the soundness of reasoning or argument; soundness of faith.

Syn. -- Firmness; strength; solidity; healthiness; truth; rectitude.

Soune <Xpage=1375>

Soune (?) , v. t. & i. To sound. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Sounst <Xpage=1375>

Sounst (?) , a. Soused. See Souse . [Obs.]

Soup <Xpage=1375>

Soup (?) , n. [F. soupe , OF. sope , supe , soupe , perhaps originally, a piece of bread; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. D. sop sop, G. suppe soup. See Sop something dipped in a liquid, and cf. Supper .] A liquid food of many kinds, usually made by boiling meat and vegetables, or either of them, in water, -- commonly seasoned or flavored; strong broth.

Soup kitchen , an establishment for preparing and supplying soup to the poor. -- Soup ticket , a ticket conferring the privilege of receiving soup at a soup kitchen.

Soup <Xpage=1375>

Soup , v. t. To sup or swallow. [Obs.]

Wyclif.

Soup <Xpage=1375>

Soup , v. t. To breathe out. [Obs.]

amden.

Soup <Xpage=1375>

Soup , v. t. To sweep. See Sweep , and Swoop . [Obs.]

Soupe-maigre <Xpage=1375>

Soupe`-mai"gre (?) , n. [F.] (Cookery) Soup made chiefly from vegetables or fish with a little butter and a few condiments.

Souple <Xpage=1375>

Sou"ple (?) , n. That part of a flail which strikes the grain.

Knight.

Soupy <Xpage=1375>

Soup"y (?) , a. Resembling soup; souplike.

Sour <Xpage=1375>

Sour (?) , a. [ Compar. Sourer (?) ; superl. Sourest .] [OE. sour , sur , AS. s<?/r ; akin to D. zuur , G. sauer , OHG. s<?/r , Icel. s<?/rr , Sw. sur , Dan. suur , Lith. suras salt, Russ. surovui harsh, rough. Cf. Sorrel , the plant.] 1. Having an acid or sharp, biting taste, like vinegar, and the juices of most unripe fruits; acid; tart.

All sour things, as vinegar, provoke appetite. Bacon.

2. Changed, as by keeping, so as to be acid, rancid, or musty, turned.

3. Disagreeable; unpleasant; hence; cross; crabbed; peevish; morose; as, a man of a sour temper; a sour reply. "A sour countenance."

Swift.

He was a scholar . . . Lofty and sour to them that loved him not, But to those men that sought him sweet as summer. Shak.

4. Afflictive; painful. " Sour adversity."

Shak.

5. Cold and unproductive; as, sour land; a sour marsh.

Sour dock (Bot.) , sorrel. -- Sour gourd (Bot.) , the gourdlike fruit Adansonia Gregorii , and A. digitata ; also, either of the trees bearing this fruit. See Adansonia . -- Sour grapes . See under Grape . -- Sour gum (Bot.) See Turelo . -- Sour plum (Bot.) , the edible acid fruit of an Australian tree ( Owenia venosa ); also, the tree itself, which furnished a hard reddish wood used by wheelwrights.

Syn. -- Acid; sharp; tart; acetous; acetose; harsh; acrimonious; crabbed; currish; peevish.

Sour <Xpage=1375>

Sour , n. A sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect.

Spenser.

Sour <Xpage=1375>

Sour , v. t. [AS. s<?/rian to sour, to become sour.] 1. To cause to become sour; to cause to turn from sweet to sour; as, exposure to the air sours many substances .

So the sun's heat, with different powers, Ripens the grape, the liquor sours . Swift.

2. To make cold and unproductive, as soil.

Mortimer.

3. To make unhappy, uneasy, or less agreeable.

To sour your happiness I must report, The queen is dead. Shak.

4. To cause or permit to become harsh or unkindly. " Souring his cheeks."

Shak.

Pride had not sour'd nor wrath debased my heart. Harte.

5. To macerate, and render fit for plaster or mortar; as, to sour lime for business purposes .

Sour <Xpage=1375>

Sour , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Soured (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Souring .] To become sour; to turn from sweet to sour; as, milk soon sours in hot weather; a kind temper sometimes sours in adversity.

They keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder the hatred of vice from souring into severity. Addison.

Source <Xpage=1375>

Source (?) , n. [OE. sours , OF. sourse , surse , sorse , F. source , fr. OF. sors , p.p. of OF. sordre , surdre , sourdre , to spring forth or up, F. sourdre , fr. L. surgere to lift or raise up, to spring up. See Surge , and cf. Souse to plunge or swoop as a bird upon its prey.] 1. The act of rising; a rise; an ascent. [Obs.]

Therefore right as an hawk upon a sours Up springeth into the air, right so prayers . . . Maken their sours to Goddes ears two. Chaucer.

2. The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of water or the like; a spring; a fountain.

Where as the Poo out of a welle small Taketh his firste springing and his sours . Chaucer.

Kings that rule Behind the hidden sources of the Nile. Addison.

3. That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates; first cause.

This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself. Locke.

The source of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense. Pope.

Syn. -- See Origin .

Sourcrout <Xpage=1375>

Sour"crout` (?) , n. See Sauerkraut .

Sourde <Xpage=1375>

Sourde (?) , v. i. [F. sourdre . See Source .] To have origin or source; to rise; to spring. [Obs.]

Now might men ask whereof that pride sourdeth . Chaucer.

Souring <Xpage=1375>

Sour"ing (?) , n. (Bot.) Any sour apple.

Sourish <Xpage=1375>

Sour"ish , a. Somewhat sour; moderately acid; as, sourish fruit; a sourish taste .

Sourkrout <Xpage=1375>

Sour"krout` (?) , n. Same as Sauerkraut .

Sourly <Xpage=1375>

Sour"ly , adv. In a sour manner; with sourness.

Sourness <Xpage=1375>

Sour"ness , n. The quality or state of being sour.

Sours <Xpage=1375>

Sours (?) , n. Source. See Source . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Soursop <Xpage=1375>

Sour"sop` (?) , n. (Bot.) The large succulent and slightly acid fruit of a small tree ( Anona muricata ) of the West Indies; also, the tree itself. It is closely allied to the custard apple.

Sourwood <Xpage=1375>

Sour"wood` (?) , n. (Bot.) The sorrel tree.

Sous, Souse <Xpage=1375>

Sous , Souse (F. s&oomac;; colloq. Eng . sous) , n. A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.]

Colman, the Elder.

Souse <Xpage=1375>

Souse (?) , n. [OF. sausse . See Sauce .] [Written also souce , sowce , and sowse .] 1. Pickle made with salt.

2. Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine.

And he that can rear up a pig in his house, Hath cheaper his bacon, and sweeter his souse . Tusser.

3. The ear; especially, a hog's ear. [Prov. Eng.]

4. The act of sousing; a plunging into water.

Souse <Xpage=1375>

Souse , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Soused (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sousing .] [Cf. F. saucer to wet with sauce. See Souse pickle.] 1. To steep in pickle; to pickle. "A soused gurnet."

Shak.

2. To plunge or immerse in water or any liquid.

They soused me over head and ears in water. Addison.

3. To drench, as by an immersion; to wet throughly.

Although I be well soused in this shower. Gascoigne.

Souse <Xpage=1375>

Souse , v. i. [Probably fr. OF. sors , p.p. of sordre to rise, and first used of an upward swood, then of a swoop in general, but also confused with Souse , v. t. See Source .] To swoop or plunge, as a bird upon its prey; to fall suddenly; to rush with speed; to make a sudden attack.

For then I viewed his plunge and souse Into the foamy main. Marston.

Jove's bird will souse upon the timorous hare. J. Dryden. Jr.

Souse <Xpage=1375>

Souse , v. t. To pounce upon. [R.]

[The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers, To souse annoyance that comes near his nest. Shak.

Souse <Xpage=1375>

Souse , n. The act of sousing, or swooping.

As a falcon fair That once hath failed or her souse full near. Spenser.

Souse <Xpage=1375>

Souse , adv. With a sudden swoop; violently.

Young.

Souslik <Xpage=1375>

Sous"lik (?) , n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) See Suslik .

Sout <Xpage=1375>

Sout (?) , n. Soot. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Soutache <Xpage=1375>

Sou`tache" (?) , n. [F.] A kind of narrow braid, usually of silk; -- also known as Russian braid .

Soutage <Xpage=1375>

Sout"age (? &or; ?; 48) , n. [Etymol. uncertain.] That in which anything is packed; bagging, as for hops. [Obs.]

Halliwell.

Soutane <Xpage=1375>

Sou`tane" (?) , n. [F., fr. Sp. sotana , or It. sottana , LL. subtana , fr. L. subtus below, beneath, fr. sub under.] (Eccl. Costume) A close garnment with straight sleeves, and skirts reaching to the ankles, and buttoned in front from top to bottom; especially, the black garment of this shape worn by the clergy in France and Italy as their daily dress; a cassock.

Souter <Xpage=1375>

Sou"ter (?) , n. [AS. s<?/t<?/re , fr. It. sutor , fr. suere to sew.] A shoemaker; a cobbler. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

There is no work better than another to please God: . . . to wash dishes, to be a souter , or an apostle, -- all is one. Tyndale.

Souterly <Xpage=1375>

Sou"ter*ly , a. Of or pertaining to a cobbler or cobblers; like a cobbler; hence, vulgar; low. [Obs.]

Souterrain <Xpage=1375>

Sou"ter*rain (?) , n. [F. See Subterranean .] A grotto or cavern under ground. [Obs.]

Arbuthnot.

South <Xpage=1375>

South (?; by sailors sou) , n. [OE. south , su&thorn; , AS. s&umac;&edh; for sun&edh; ; akin to D. zuid , OHG. sund , G. s\'81d , s\'81den , Icel. su&edh;r , sunnr , Dan. syd , s\'94nden , Sw. syd , s\'94der , sunnan ; all probably akin to E. sun , meaning, the side towards the sun. &root;297. See Sun .] 1. That one of the four cardinal points directly opposite to the north; the region or direction to the right or direction to the right of a person who faces the east.

2. A country, region, or place situated farther to the south than another; the southern section of a country. "The queen of the south ."

Matt. xii. 42.

3. Specifically: That part of the United States which is south of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line .

4. The wind from the south. [Obs.]

Shak.

South <Xpage=1375>

South , a. Lying toward the south; situated at the south, or in a southern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the south, or coming from the south; blowing from the south; southern; as, the south pole . "At the south entry."

Shak.

South-Sea tea (Bot.) See Yaupon .

South <Xpage=1375>

South , adv. 1. Toward the south; southward.

2. From the south; as, the wind blows south .

Bacon.

South <Xpage=1375>

South (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Southed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Southing .] 1. To turn or move toward the south; to veer toward the south.

2. (Astron.) To come to the meridian; to cross the north and south line; -- said chiefly of the moon; as, the moon souths at nine .

Southcottian <Xpage=1375>

South*cot"ti*an (?) , n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Joanna Southcott (1750-1814), an Englishwoman who, professing to have received a miraculous calling, preached and prophesied, and committed many impious absurdities.

Southdown <Xpage=1375>

South"down` (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the South Downs, a range of pasture hills south of the Thames, in England.

Southdown sheep (Zo\'94l.) , a celebrated breed of shortwooled, hornless sheep, highly valued on account of the delicacy of their flesh. So called from the South Downs where the breed originated.

Southdown <Xpage=1375>

South"down` , n. A Southdown sheep.

<page="1376"> Page 1376

Southeast <Xpage=1376>

South`east" (?; by sailors sou"-) , n. The point of the compass equally distant from the south and the east; the southeast part or region.

Southeast <Xpage=1376>

South`east (?; by sailors sou"-) , a. Of or pertaining to the southeast; proceeding toward, or coming from, the southeast; as, a southeast course; a southeast wind.

Southeaster <Xpage=1376>

South`east"er (?) , n. A storm, strong wind, or gale coming from the southeast.

Southeaster <Xpage=1376>

South`east"er , adv. Toward the southeast.

Southeastern <Xpage=1376>

South`east"ern (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the southeast; southeasterly.

Southeastward, Southeastwardly <Xpage=1376>

South`east"ward (?) , South`east"ward*ly , adv. Toward the southeast.

Souther <Xpage=1376>

South"er (?) , n. A strong wind, gale, or storm from the south.

Southerliness <Xpage=1376>

South"er*li*ness (?) , n. The quality or state of being southerly; direction toward the south.

Southerly <Xpage=1376>

South"er*ly (?; 277) , a. Southern.

Southern <Xpage=1376>

South"ern (?; 277) , a. [AS. s<?/<?/ern . See South .] Of or pertaining to the south; situated in, or proceeding from, the south; situated or proceeding toward the south.

Southern Cross (Astron.) , a constellation of the southern hemisphere containing several bright stars so related in position as to resemble a cross. -- Southern Fish (Astron.) , a constelation of the southern hemisphere ( Piscis Australis ) containing the bright star Fomalhaut. -- Southern States (U.S. Hist. & Geog.) , the States of the American Union lying south of Pennsylvania and the Ohio River, with Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Before the Civil War, Missouri also, being a slave State, was classed as one of the Southern States.

Southern <Xpage=1376>

South"ern , n. A Southerner. [R.]

Southerner <Xpage=1376>

South"ern*er (?) , n. An inhabitant or native of the south, esp. of the Southern States of North America; opposed to Northerner .

Southernliness <Xpage=1376>

South"ern*li*ness (?) , n. Southerliness.

Southernly <Xpage=1376>

South"ern*ly (?) , a. Somewhat southern. -- adv. In a southerly manner or course; southward.

Southernmost <Xpage=1376>

South"ern*most` (?) , a. Farthest south.

Southernwood <Xpage=1376>

South"ern*wood` (?) , n. (Bot.) A shrubby species of wormwood ( Artemisia Abrotanum ) having aromatic foliage. It is sometimes used in making beer.

Southing <Xpage=1376>

South"ing (?; 277) , n. 1. Tendency or progress southward; as, the southing of the sun .

Emerson.

2. The time at which the moon, or other heavenly body, passes the meridian of a place.

3. (Astron.) Distance of any heavenly body south of the equator; south declination; south latitude.

4. (Surv. & Navigation) Distance southward from any point departure or of reckoning, measured on a meridian; -- opposed to northing .

Southly <Xpage=1376>

South"ly (?) , adv. Southerly. [Obs. & R.]

Southmost <Xpage=1376>