Chapter 1552

Actual sin , Canonical sins , Original sin , Venial sin . See under Actual , Canonical , etc. -- Deadly , ∨ Mortal , sins (R. C. Ch.) , willful and deliberate transgressions, which take away divine grace; -- in distinction from vental sins . The seven deadly sins are pride, covetousness, lust, wrath, gluttony, envy, and sloth. -- Sin eater , a man who (according to a former practice in England) for a small gratuity ate a piece of bread laid on the chest of a dead person, whereby he was supposed to have taken the sins of the dead person upon himself. -- Sin offering , a sacrifice for sin; something offered as an expiation for sin.

Syn. -- Iniquity; wickedness; wrong. See Crime .

Sin <Xpage=1343>

Sin , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Sinned (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sinning .] [OE. sinnen , singen , sinegen , AS. syngian . See Sin , n. ] 1. To depart voluntarily from the path of duty prescribed by God to man; to violate the divine law in any particular, by actual transgression or by the neglect or nonobservance of its injunctions; to violate any known rule of duty; -- often followed by against .

Against thee, thee only, have I sinned . Ps. li. 4.

All have sinned , and come short of the glory of God. Rom. iii. 23.

2. To violate human rights, law, or propriety; to commit an offense; to trespass; to transgress.

I am a man More sinned against than sinning . Shak.

Who but wishes to invert the laws Of order, sins against the eternal cause. Pope.

Sinaic, Sinaitic <Xpage=1343>

Si*na"ic (?) , Si`na*it"ic (?) , a. [From Mount Sinai .] Of or pertaining to Mount Sinai; given or made at Mount Sinai; as, the Sinaitic law .

Sinaitic manuscript , a fourth century Greek manuscript of the part Bible, discovered at Mount Sinai (the greater part of it in 1859) by Tisschendorf, a German Biblical critic; -- called also Codex Sinaiticus .

Sinalbin <Xpage=1343>

Sin*al"bin (?) , n. [From L. Sin apis + alba .] (Chem.) A glucoside found in the seeds of white mustard ( Brassica alba , formerly Sinapis alba ), and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

Sinamine <Xpage=1343>

Sin*am"ine (?) , n. [ Sin apis + mel amine .] (Chem.) A bitter white crystalline nitrogenous substance, obtained indirectly from oil of mustard and ammonia; -- called also allyl melamine .

Sinapate <Xpage=1343>

Sin"a*pate (?) , n. (Chem.) A salt of sinapic acid.

Sinapic <Xpage=1343>

Sin"a*pic (?) , a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to sinapine; specifically, designating an acid ( C11H12O5 ) related to gallic acid, and obtained by the decomposition of sinapine, as a white crystalline substance.

Sinapine <Xpage=1343>

Sin"a*pine (?) , n. [L. sinapi , sinapis , mustard, Gr. <?/<?/<?/: cf. F. sinapine .] (Chem.) An alkaloid occuring in the seeds of mustard. It is extracted, in combination with sulphocyanic acid, as a white crystalline substance, having a hot, bitter taste. When sinapine is isolated it is unstable and undergoes decomposition.

Sinapis <Xpage=1343>

Si*na"pis (?) , n. [L.] (Bot.) A disused generic name for mustard; -- now called Brassica .

Sinapisin <Xpage=1343>

Sin"a*pis`in (?) , n. (Chem.) A substance extracted from mustard seed and probably identical with sinalbin. [Obs.]

Sinapism <Xpage=1343>

Sin"a*pism (?) , n. [L. sinapismus , Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, the use of a mustard blister, fr. <?/<?/<?/ to apply a mustard blister, fr. <?/<?/<?/<?/ mustard.] (Med.) A plaster or poultice composed principally of powdered mustard seed, or containing the volatile oil of mustard seed. It is a powerful irritant.

Sinapoleic <Xpage=1343>

Sin`a*po*le"ic (?) , a. [ Sina pis + oleic .] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to mustard oil; specifically, designating an acid of the oleic acid series said to occur in mistard oil.

Sinapoline <Xpage=1343>

Si*nap"o*line (?) , n. [ Sinapis + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, CO.(NH.C3H5)2 , related to urea, extracted from mustard oil, and also produced artifically, as a white crystalline substance; -- called also diallyl urea .

Sincaline <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ca*line (?) , n. [So called because obtained by the action of al kal ies on sin apine.] (Chem.) Choline. [Written also sinkaline .]

Since <Xpage=1343>

Since (?) , adv. [For sins , contr. fr. OE. sithens , sithenes , formed by an adverbial ending (cf. Besides ) from OE. sithen , also shortened into sithe , sin , AS. si<?/<?/an , sy<?/<?/an , seo<?/<?/an , afterward, then, since, after; properly, after that; fr. s\'c6<?/ after, later, adv. and prep. (originally a comparative adv., akin to OS. s\'c6<?/ afterward, since, OHG. s\'c6d , G. seit since, Goth. seipus late, ni <?/ana sei<?/s no longer) + <?/on instrumental of the demonstrative and article. See That .] 1. From a definite past time until now; as, he went a month ago, and I have not seen him since .

We since become the slaves to one man's lust. B. Jonson.

2. In the time past, counting backward from the present; before this or now; ago.

w many ages since has Virgil writ? Roscommon.

About two years since , it so fell out, that he was brought to a great lady's house. Sir P. Sidney.

3. When or that. [Obs.]

Do you remember since we lay all night in the windmill in St. George's field? Shak.

Since <Xpage=1343>

Since , prep. From the time of; in or during the time subsequent to; subsequently to; after; -- usually with a past event or time for the object.

The Lord hath blessed thee, since my coming. Gen. xxx. 30.

I have a model by which he build a nobler poem than any extant since the ancients. Dryden.

Since <Xpage=1343>

Since , conj. Seeing that; because; considering; -- formerly followed by that .

Since that my penitence comes after all, Imploring pardon. Shak.

Since truth and constancy are vain, Since neither love, nor sense of pain, Nor force of reason, can persuade, Then let example be obeyed. Granville.

Syn. -- Because; for; as; inasmuch as; considering. See Because .

Sincere <Xpage=1343>

Sin*cere" (?) , a. [ Compar. Sincerer (?) ; superl. Sincerest .] [L. sincerus , of uncertain origin; the first part perhaps akin to sin- in singuli (see Single ), and the second to cernere to separate (cf. Discern ): cf. F. sinc \'8are.] 1. Pure; unmixed; unadulterated.

There is no sincere acid in any animal juice. Arbuthnot.

A joy which never was sincere till now. Dryden.

2. Whole; perfect; unhurt; uninjured. [Obs.]

The inviolable body stood sincere . Dryden.

3. Being in reality what it appears to be; having a character which corresponds with the appearance; not falsely assumed; genuine; true; real; as, a sincere desire for knowledge; a sincere contempt for meanness .

A sincere intention of pleasing God in all our actions. Law.

4. Honest; free from hypocrisy or dissimulation; as, a sincere friend; a sincere person .

The more sincere you are, the better it will fare with you at the great day of account. Waterland.

Syn. -- Honest; unfeigned; unvarnished; real; true; unaffected; inartificial; frank; upright. See Hearty .

Sincerely <Xpage=1343>

Sin*cere"ly , adv. In a sincere manner. Specifically: (a) Purely; without alloy. Milton . (b) Honestly; unfeignedly; without dissimulation; as, to speak one's mind sincerely ; to love virtue sincerely .

Sincereness <Xpage=1343>

Sin*cere"ness , n. Same as Sincerity .

Beau & Fl.

Sincerity <Xpage=1343>

Sin*cer"i*ty (?) , n. [L. sinceritas : cf. F. sinc\'82rit\'82 .] The quality or state of being sincere; honesty of mind or intention; freedom from simulation, hypocrisy, disguise, or false pretense; sincereness.

I protest, in the sincerity of love. Shak.

Sincerity is a duty no less plain than important. Knox.

Sinch <Xpage=1343>

Sinch (?) , n. [See Cinch .] A saddle girth made of leather, canvas, woven horsehair, or woven grass. [Western U.S.]

Sinch <Xpage=1343>

Sinch , v. t. To gird with a sinch; to tighten the sinch or girth of (a saddle); as, to sinch up a sadle . [Western U.S.]

Sincipital <Xpage=1343>

Sin*cip"i*tal (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sinciput; being in the region of the sinciput.

Sinciput <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ci*put (?) , n. [L., half a head; semi half + caput the head.] 1. (Anat.) The fore part of the head.

2. (Zo\'94l.) The part of the head of a bird between the base of the bill and the vertex.

Sindon <Xpage=1343>

Sin"don (?) , n. [L., a kind of fine Indian cotton stuff, Gr. <?/<?/<?/.] 1. A wrapper. [Obs.] "Wrapped in sindons of linen."

Bacon.

2. (Surg.) A small rag or pledget introduced into the hole in the cranium made by a trephine.

Dunglison.

Sine <Xpage=1343>

Sine (?) , n. [LL. sinus a sine, L. sinus bosom, used in translating the Ar. jaib , properly, bosom, but probably read by mistake (the consonants being the same) for an original j\'c6ba sine, from Skr. j\'c6va bowstring, chord of an arc, sine.] (Trig.) (a) The length of a perpendicular drawn from one extremity of an arc of a circle to the diameter drawn through the other extremity. (b) The perpendicular itself. See Sine of angle , below.

Artificial sines , logarithms of the natural sines, or logarithmic sines. -- Curve of sines . See Sinusoid . -- Natural sines , the decimals expressing the values of the sines, the radius being unity. -- Sine of an angle , in a circle whose radius is unity, the sine of the arc that measures the angle; in a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the given angle divided by the hypotenuse. See Trigonometrical function , under Function . -- Versed sine , that part of the diameter between the sine and the arc.

Sine <Xpage=1343>

Si"ne (?) , prep. [L.] Without.

Sinecural <Xpage=1343>

Si"ne*cu`ral (?) , a. Of or pertaining to a sinecure; being in the nature of a sinecure.

Sinecure <Xpage=1343>

Si`ne*cure (?) , n. [L. sine without + cura care, LL., a cure. See Cure .] 1. An ecclesiastical benefice without the care of souls.

Ayliffe.

2. Any office or position which requires or involves little or no responsibility, labor, or active service.

A lucrative sinecure in the Excise. Macaulay.

Sinecure <Xpage=1343>

Si"ne*cure , v. t. To put or place in a sinecure.

Sinecurism <Xpage=1343>

Si"ne*cu*rism (?) , n. The state of having a sinecure.

Sinecurist <Xpage=1343>

Si"ne*cu*rist (?) , n. One who has a sinecure.

Sinew <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ew (?) , n. [OE. sinewe , senewe , AS. sinu , seonu ; akin to D. zenuw , OHG. senawa , G. sehne , Icel. sin , Sw. sena , Dan. sene ; cf. Skr. sn\'beva . &root;290.]

1. (Anat.) A tendon or tendonous tissue. See Tendon .

2. Muscle; nerve. [R.]

Sir J. Davies.

3. Fig.: That which supplies strength or power.

The portion and sinew of her fortune, her marriage dowry. Shak.

The bodies of men, munition, and money, may justly be called the sinews of war. Sir W. Raleigh.

&hand; Money alone is often called the sinews of war .

Sinew <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ew , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sinewed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sinewing .] To knit together, or make strong with, or as with, sinews.

Shak.

Wretches, now stuck up for long tortures . . . might, if properly treated, serve to sinew the state in time of danger. Goldsmith.

Sinewed <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ewed (?) , a. 1. Furnished with sinews; as, a strong- sinewed youth .

2. Fig.: Equipped; strengthened.

When he sees Ourselves well sinewed to our defense. Shak.

Sinewiness <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ew*i*ness (?) , n. Quality of being sinewy.

Sinewish <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ew*ish , a. Sinewy. [Obs.]

Holinshed.

Sinewless <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ew*less , a. Having no sinews; hence, having no strength or vigor.

Sinewous <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ew*ous (?) , a. Sinewy. [Obs.]

Holinshed.

Sinew-shrunk <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ew-shrunk` (?) , a. (Far.) Having the sinews under the belly shrunk by excessive fatigue.

Sinewy <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ew*y (?) , a. 1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or resembling, a sinew or sinews.

The sinewy thread my brain lets fall. Donne.

2. Well braced with, or as if with, sinews; nervous; vigorous; strong; firm; tough; as, the sinewy Ajax .

A man whose words . . . were so close and sinewy . Hare.

Sinful <Xpage=1343>

Sin"ful (?) , a. [AAS. synfull .] Tainted with, or full of, sin; wicked; iniquitous; criminal; unholy; as, sinful men; sinful thoughts .

Piers Plowman.

Ah sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity. Isa. i. 4.

-- Sin"ful*ly , adv. -- Sin"ful*ness , n.

Sing <Xpage=1343>

Sing (?) , v. i. [ imp. Sung (?) or Sang (<?/) ; p. p. Sung ; p. pr. & vb. n. Singing .] [AS. singan ; akin to D. zingen , OS. & OHG. singan , G. singen , Icel. syngja , Sw. sjunga , Dan. synge , Goth. siggwan , and perhaps to E. say , v.t., or cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ voice. Cf. Singe , Song .] 1. To utter sounds with musical inflections or melodious modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according to the notes of a song or tune, or of a given part (as alto, tenor, etc.) in a chorus or concerted piece.

The noise of them that sing do I hear. Ex. xxxii. 18.

2. To utter sweet melodious sounds, as birds do.

On every bough the briddes heard I sing . Chaucer.

Singing birds, in silver cages hung. Dryden.

3. To make a small, shrill sound; as, the air sings in passing through a crevice .

O'er his head the flying spear Sang innocent, and spent its force in air. Pope.

4. To tell or relate something in numbers or verse; to celebrate something in poetry.

Milton.

Bid her . . . sing Of human hope by cross event destroyed. Prior.

<page="1344"> Page 1344

5. Ti cry out; to complain. [Obs.]

They should sing if thet they were bent. Chaucer.

Sing <Xpage=1344>

Sing (?) , v. t. 1. To utter with musical infections or modulations of voice.

And they sing the song of Moses, the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb. Rev. xv. 3.

And in the darkness sing your carol of high praise. Keble.

2. To celebrate is song; to give praises to in verse; to relate or rehearse in numbers, verse, or poetry.

Milton.

Arms and the man I sing . Dryden.

The last, the happiest British king, Whom thou shalt paint or I shall sing . Addison.

3. To influence by singing; to lull by singing; as, to sing a child to sleep .

4. To accompany, or attend on, with singing.

I heard them singing home the bride. Longfellow.

Singe <Xpage=1344>

Singe (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Singed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Singeing (?) .] [OE. sengen , AS. sengan in be sengan (akin to D. zengen , G. sengen ), originally, to cause to sing, fr. AS. singan to sing, in allusion to the singing or hissing sound often produced when a substance is singed, or slightly burned. See Sing .] 1. To burn slightly or superficially; to burn the surface of; to burn the ends or outside of; as, to singe the hair or the skin .

You sulphurous and thought-executing fires, . . . Singe my white head! Shak.

I singed the toes of an ape through a burning glass. L'Estrange.

2. (a) To remove the nap of (cloth), by passing it rapidly over a red-hot bar, or over a flame, preliminary to dyeing it. (b) To remove the hair or down from (a plucked chicken or the like) by passing it over a flame.

Singe <Xpage=1344>

Singe , n. A burning of the surface; a slight burn.

Singer <Xpage=1344>

Sin"ger (?) , n. [From Singe .] One who, or that which, singes. Specifically: (a) One employed to singe cloth . (b) A machine for singeing cloth.

Singer <Xpage=1344>

Sing"er (?) , n. [From Sing .] One who sings; especially, one whose profession is to sing.

Singeress <Xpage=1344>

Sing"er*ess , n. A songstress. [Obs.]

Wyclif.

Singhalese <Xpage=1344>

Sin`gha*lese" (?) , n. & a. [Skr. Si<?/hala Ceylon.] (Ethnol.) Same as Cingalese .

Singing <Xpage=1344>

Sing"ing (?) , a. & n. from Sing , v.

Singing bird . (Zo\'94l.) (a) Popularly, any bird that sings; a song bird . (b) Specifically, any one of the Oscines. -- Singing book , a book containing music for singing; a book of tunes. -- Singing falcon &or; hawk . (Zo\'94l.) See Chanting falcon , under Chanting . -- Singing fish (Zo\'94l.) , a California toadfish ( Porichthys porosissimus ). -- Singing flame (Acoustics) , a flame, as of hydrogen or coal gas, burning within a tube and so adjusted as to set the air within the tube in vibration, causing sound. The apparatus is called also chemical harmonicon . -- Singing master , a man who teaches vocal music. -- Singing school , a school in which persons are instructed in singing.

Singingly <Xpage=1344>