Chapter 1533

4. (Mech.) A strain, or change of shape, of an elastic body, consisting of an extension in one direction, an equal compression in a perpendicular direction, with an unchanged magnitude in the third direction.

Shear blade , one of the blades of shears or a shearing machine. -- Shear hulk . See under Hulk . -- Shear steel , a steel suitable for shears, scythes, and other cutting instruments, prepared from fagots of blistered steel by repeated heating, rolling, and tilting, to increase its malleability and fineness of texture.

Shear <Xpage=1325>

Shear , v. i. 1. To deviate. See Sheer .

2. (Engin.) To become more or less completely divided, as a body under the action of forces, by the sliding of two contiguous parts relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact.

Shearbill <Xpage=1325>

Shear"bill` , n. (Zo\'94l.) The black skimmer. See Skimmer .

Sheard <Xpage=1325>

Sheard (?) , n. See Shard . [Obs.]

Shearer <Xpage=1325>

Shear"er (?) , n. 1. One who shears.

Like a lamb dumb before his shearer . Acts viii. 32.

2. A reaper. [Scot.]

Jamieson.

Shearing <Xpage=1325>

Shear"ing , n. 1. The act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine, as the wool from sheep, or the nap from cloth.

2. The product of the act or operation of clipping with shears or a shearing machine; as, the whole shearing of a flock; the shearings from cloth .

3. Same as Shearling .

Youatt.

4. The act or operation of reaping. [Scot.]

5. The act or operation of dividing with shears; as, the shearing of metal plates .

6. The process of preparing shear steel; tilting.

7. (Mining) The process of making a vertical side cutting in working into a face of coal.

Shearing machine . (a) A machine with blades, or rotary disks, for dividing plates or bars of metal . (b) A machine for shearing cloth.

Shearling <Xpage=1325>

Shear"ling (?) , n. A sheep but once sheared.

Shearman <Xpage=1325>

Shear"man (?) , n. ; pl. Shearmen (<?/) . One whose occupation is to shear cloth.

Shearn <Xpage=1325>

Shearn (?) , n. [AS. scearn . Cf. Scarn .] Dung; excrement. [Obs.] [Written also shern .]

Holland.

Shears <Xpage=1325>

Shears (?) , n. pl. [Formerly used also in the singular. See Shear , n. , 1 .] 1. A cutting instrument. Specifically: (a) An instrument consisting of two blades, commonly with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, and working on both sides of the material to be cut, -- used for cutting cloth and other substances .

Fate urged the shears , and cut the sylph in twain. Pope.

(b) A similar instrument the blades of which are extensions of a curved spring, -- used for shearing sheep or skins . (c) A shearing machine; a blade, or a set of blades, working against a resisting edge .

2. Anything in the form of shears. Specifically: (a) A pair of wings . [Obs.] Spenser . (b) An apparatus for raising heavy weights, and especially for stepping and unstepping the lower masts of ships. It consists of two or more spars or pieces of timber, fastened together near the top, steadied by a guy or guys, and furnished with the necessary tackle. [Written also sheers .]

3. (Mach.) The bedpiece of a machine tool, upon which a table or slide rest is secured; as, the shears of a lathe or planer . See Illust . under Lathe .

Rotary shears . See under Rotary .

Sheartail <Xpage=1325>

Shear"tail` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The common tern. (b) Any one of several species of humming birds of the genus Thaumastura having a long forked tail.

Shearwater <Xpage=1325>

Shear"wa`ter (?) , n. [ Shear + water ; cf. G. wassersherer ; -- so called from its running lightly along the surface of the water.] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of numerous species of long-winged oceanic birds of the genus Puffinus and related genera. They are allied to the petrels, but are larger. The Manx shearwater ( P. Anglorum ), the dusky shearwater ( P. obscurus ), and the greater shearwater ( P. major ), are well-known species of the North Atlantic. See Hagdon .

Sheatfish <Xpage=1325>

Sheat"fish` (?) , n. [Cf. dial. G. scheid , schaid , schaiden .] (Zo\'94l.) A European siluroid fish ( Silurus glanis ) allied to the cat-fishes. It is the largest fresh-water fish of Europe, sometimes becoming six feet or more in length. See Siluroid .

Sheath <Xpage=1325>

Sheath (?) , n. [OE. schethe , AS. sc&aemac;&edh; , sce\'a0&edh; , sc&emac;&edh; ; akin to OS. sk&emac;&edh;ia , D. scheede , G. scheide , OHG. sceida , Sw. skida , Dan. skede , Icel. skei&edh;ir , pl., and to E. shed , v.t., originally meaning, to separate, to part. See Shed .] 1. A case for the reception of a sword, hunting knife, or other long and slender instrument; a scabbard.

The dead knight's sword out of his sheath he drew. Spenser.

2. Any sheathlike covering, organ, or part. Specifically: (a) (Bot.) The base of a leaf when sheathing or investing a stem or branch, as in grasses . (b) (Zo\'94l.) One of the elytra of an insect.

Medullary sheath . (Anat.) See under Medullary . -- Primitive sheath . (Anat.) See Neurilemma . -- Sheath knife , a knife with a fixed blade, carried in a sheath. -- Sheath of Schwann . (Anat.) See Schwann's sheath .

Sheathbill <Xpage=1325>

Sheath"bill` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Either one of two species of birds composing the genus Chionis , and family Chionid\'91 , native of the islands of the Antarctic.seas.

&hand; They are related to the gulls and the plovers, but more nearly to the latter. The base of the bill is covered with a saddle-shaped horny sheath, and the toes are only slightly webbed. The plumage of both species is white.

Sheathe <Xpage=1325>

Sheathe (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sheathed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sheating .] [Written also sheath .] 1. To put into a sheath, case, or scabbard; to inclose or cover with, or as with, a sheath or case.

The leopard . . . keeps the claws of his fore feet turned up from the ground, and sheathed in the skin of his toes. Grew.

'T is in my breast she sheathes her dagger now. Dryden.

2. To fit or furnish, as with a sheath.

Shak.

3. To case or cover with something which protects, as thin boards, sheets of metal, and the like; as, to sheathe a ship with copper .

4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimonious substances, or sharp particles. [R.]

Arbuthnot.

To sheathe the sword , to make peace.

Sheathed <Xpage=1325>

Sheathed (?) , a. 1. Povided with, or inclosed in, sheath.

2. (Bot.) Invested by a sheath, or cylindrical membranaceous tube, which is the base of the leaf, as the stalk or culm in grasses; vaginate.

Sheather <Xpage=1325>

Sheath"er (?) , n. One who sheathes.

Sheathfish <Xpage=1325>

Sheath"fish` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sheatfish .

Sheathing <Xpage=1325>

Sheath"ing (?) , p. pr. & a. from Sheathe . Inclosing with a sheath; as, the sheathing leaves of grasses; the sheathing stipules of many polygonaceous plants .

Sheathing <Xpage=1325>

Sheath"ing , n. That which sheathes. Specifically: (a) The casing or covering of a ship's bottom and sides; the materials for such covering; as, copper sheathing . (b) (Arch.) The first covering of boards on the outside wall of a frame house or on a timber roof; also, the material used for covering; ceiling boards in general.

Sheathless <Xpage=1325>

Sheath"less (?) , a. Without a sheath or case for covering; unsheathed.

Sheath-winged <Xpage=1325>

Sheath"-winged` (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Having elytra, or wing cases, as a beetle.

Sheathy <Xpage=1325>

Sheath"y (?) , a. Forming or resembling a sheath or case.

Sir T. Browne.

Shea tree <Xpage=1325>

She"a tree` (?) . (Bot.) An African sapotaceous tree ( Bassia, &or; Butyrospermum, Parkii ), from the seeds of which a substance resembling butter is obtained; the African butter tree.

<page="1326"> Page 1326

Sheave <Xpage=1326>

Sheave (?) , n. [Akin to OD. schijve orb, disk, wheel, D. schiff , G. scheibe , Icel. sk\'c6fa a shaving, slice; cf. Gr. <?/<?/<?/ a staff. Cf. Shift , v. , Shive .] A wheel having a groove in the rim for a rope to work in, and set in a block, mast, or the like; the wheel of a pulley.

Sheave hole , a channel cut in a mast, yard, rail, or other timber, in which to fix a sheave.

Sheave <Xpage=1326>

Sheave , v. t. [See Sheaf of straw.] To gather and bind into a sheaf or sheaves; hence, to collect.

Ashmole.

Sheaved <Xpage=1326>

Sheaved (?) , a. Made of straw. [Obs.]

Shak.

Shebander <Xpage=1326>

Sheb"an*der (?) , n. [Per. sh\'behbandar .] A harbor master, or ruler of a port, in the East Indies. [Written also shebunder .]

Shebang <Xpage=1326>

She*bang" (?) , n. [Cf. Shebeen .] A jocosely depreciative name for a dwelling or shop. [Slang,U.S.]

Shebeen <Xpage=1326>

She*been" (?) , n. [Of Irish origin; cf. Ir. seapa a shop.] A low public house; especially, a place where spirits and other excisable liquors are illegally and privately sold. [Ireland] <-- in the 1920's, termed a speakeasy -->

Shechinah <Xpage=1326>

She*chi"nah (?) , n. See Shekinah .

Shecklaton <Xpage=1326>

Sheck"la*ton (?) , n. [Cf. Ciclatoun .] A kind of gilt leather. See Checklaton . [Obs.]

Spenser.

Shed <Xpage=1326>

Shed (?) , n. [The same word as shade . See Shade .] A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut; as, a wagon shed ; a wood shed .

The first Aletes born in lowly shed . Fairfax.

Sheds of reeds which summer's heat repel. Sandys.

Shed <Xpage=1326>

Shed , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shed ; p. pr. & vb. n. Shedding .] [OE. scheden , sch<?/den , to pour, to part, AS. sc\'bedan , sce\'a0dan , to pert, to separate; akin to OS. sk<?/<?/an , OFries. sk<?/tha, G. scheiden , OHG. sceidan , Goth. skaidan , and probably to Lith. sk\'89du I part, separate, L. scindere to cleave, to split, Gr. <?/<?/<?/, Skr. chid , and perch. also to L. caedere to cut. &root;159. Cf. Chisel , Concise , Schism , Sheading , Sheath , Shide .] 1. To separate; to divide. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

Robert of Brunne.

2. To part with; to throw off or give forth from one's self; to emit; to diffuse; to cause to emanate or flow; to pour forth or out; to spill; as, the sun sheds light; she shed tears; the clouds shed rain .

Did Romeo's hand shed Tybalt's blood? Shak.

Twice seven consenting years have shed Their utmost bounty on thy head. Wordsworth.

3. To let fall; to throw off, as a natural covering of hair, feathers, shell; to cast; as, fowls shed their feathers; serpents shed their skins; trees shed leaves .

4. To cause to flow off without penetrating; as, a tight roof, or covering of oiled cloth, sheeds water .

5. To sprinkle; to intersperse; to cover. [R.] "Her hair . . . is shed with gray."

B. Jonson.

6. (Weaving) To divide, as the warp threads, so as to form a shed, or passageway, for the shuttle.

Shed <Xpage=1326>

Shed , v. i. 1. To fall in drops; to pour. [Obs.]

Such a rain down from the welkin shadde . Chaucer.

2. To let fall the parts, as seeds or fruit; to throw off a covering or envelope.

White oats are apt to shed most as they lie, and black as they stand. Mortimer.

Shed <Xpage=1326>

Shed , n. 1. A parting; a separation; a division. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

They say also that the manner of making the shed of newwedded wives' hair with the iron head of a javelin came up then likewise. Sir T. North.

2. The act of shedding or spilling; -- used only in composition, as in blood shed .

3. That which parts, divides, or sheds; -- used in composition, as in water shed .

4. (Weaving) The passageway between the threads of the warp through which the shuttle is thrown, having a sloping top and bottom made by raising and lowering the alternate threads.

Shedder <Xpage=1326>

Shed"der (?) , n. 1. One who, or that which, sheds; as, a shedder of blood; a shedder of tears .

2. (Zo\'94l.) A crab in the act of casting its shell, or immediately afterwards while still soft; -- applied especially to the edible crabs, which are most prized while in this state.

Shedding <Xpage=1326>

Shed"ding (?) , n. 1. The act of shedding, separating, or casting off or out; as, the shedding of blood .

2. That which is shed, or cast off. [R.]

Wordsworth.

Shelfa, Shilfa <Xpage=1326>

Shel"fa (?) , Shil"fa (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The chaffinch; -- so named from its call note. [Prov. Eng.]

Sheeling <Xpage=1326>

Sheel"ing (?) , n. [Icel. skj<?/l a shelter, a cover; akin to Dan. & Sw. skjul .] A hut or small cottage in an expessed or a retired place (as on a mountain or at the seaside) such as is used by shepherds, fishermen, sportsmen, etc.; a summer cottage; also, a shed. [Written also sheel , shealing , sheiling , etc.] [Scot.]

Sheely <Xpage=1326>

Sheel"y (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Sheelfa .

Sheen <Xpage=1326>

Sheen (?) , a. [OE. sehene , AS. sci\'82ne , sc<?/ne , sc<?/ne , splendid, beautiful; akin to OFries. sk<?/ne , sk<?/ne , OS. sc<?/ni , D. schoon , G. sch\'94n , OHG. sc<?/ni , Goth, skanus , and E. shew ; the original meaning being probably, visible, worth seeing. It is not akin to E. shine . See Shew , v. t. ] Bright; glittering; radiant; fair; showy; sheeny. [R., except in poetry.]

This holy maiden, that is so bright and sheen . Chaucer.

Up rose each warrier bold and brave, Glistening in filed steel and armor sheen . Fairfax.

Sheen <Xpage=1326>

Sheen , v. i. To shine; to glisten. [Poetic]

This town, That, sheening far, celestial seems to be. Byron.

Sheen <Xpage=1326>

Sheen , n. Brightness; splendor; glitter. "Throned in celestial sheen ."

Milton.

Sheenly <Xpage=1326>

Sheen""ly , adv. Brightly . [R.]

Mrs. Browning.

Sheeny <Xpage=1326>

Sheen"y (?) , a. Bright; shining; radiant; sheen. "A sheeny summer morn."

Tennyson.

Sheep <Xpage=1326>

Sheep (?) , n. sing. & pl. [OE. shep , scheep , AS. sc<?/p , sce\'a0p ; akin to OFries. sk<?/p , LG. & D. schaap , G. schaf , OHG. sc\'bef , Skr. ch\'bega . &root;295. Cf. Sheepherd .] 1. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of ruminants of the genus Ovis , native of the higher mountains of both hemispheres, but most numerous in Asia.

&hand; The domestic sheep ( Ovis aries ) varies much in size, in the length and texture of its wool, the form and size of its horns, the length of its tail, etc. It was domesticated in prehistoric ages, and many distinct breeds have been produced; as the merinos, celebrated for their fine wool; the Cretan sheep, noted for their long horns; the fat-tailed, or Turkish, sheep, remarkable for the size and fatness of the tail, which often has to be supported on trucks; the Southdowns, in which the horns are lacking; and an Asiatic breed which always has four horns.

2. A weak, bashful, silly fellow.

Ainsworth.

3. pl. Fig.: The people of God, as being under the government and protection of Christ, the great Shepherd.

Rocky mountain sheep . (Zo\'94l.) See Bighorn . -- Maned sheep . (Zo\'94l.) See Aoudad . -- Sheep bot (Zo\'94l.) , the larva of the sheep botfly. See Estrus . -- Sheep dog (Zo\'94l.) , a shepherd dog, or collie. -- Sheep laurel (Bot.) , a small North American shrub ( Kalmia angustifolia ) with deep rose-colored flowers in corymbs. -- Sheep pest (Bot.) , an Australian plant ( Ac\'91na ovina ) related to the burnet. The fruit is covered with barbed spines, by which it adheres to the wool of sheep. -- Sheep run , an extensive tract of country where sheep range and graze. -- Sheep's beard (Bot.) , a cichoraceous herb ( Urospermum Dalechampii ) of Southern Europe; -- so called from the conspicuous pappus of the achenes. -- Sheep's bit (Bot.) , a European herb ( Jasione montana ) having much the appearance of scabious. -- Sheep pox (Med.) , a contagious disease of sheep, characterixed by the development of vesicles or pocks upon the skin. -- Sheep scabious . (Bot.) Same as Sheep's bit . -- Sheep shears , shears in which the blades form the two ends of a steel bow, by the elasticity of which they open as often as pressed together by the hand in cutting; -- so called because used to cut off the wool of sheep. -- Sheep sorrel . (Bot.) , a prerennial herb ( Rumex Acetosella ) growing naturally on poor, dry, gravelly soil. Its leaves have a pleasant acid taste like sorrel. -- Sheep's-wool (Zo\'94l.) , the highest grade of Florida commercial sponges ( Spongia equina , variety gossypina ). -- Sheep tick (Zo\'94l.) , a wingless parasitic insect ( Melophagus ovinus ) belonging to the Diptera. It fixes its proboscis in the skin of the sheep and sucks the blood, leaving a swelling. Called also sheep pest , and sheep louse . -- Sheep walk , a pasture for sheep; a sheep run. -- Wild sheep . (Zo\'94l.) See Argali , Mouflon , and O\'94rial .

Sheepback <Xpage=1326>

Sheep"back` (?) , n. (Geol.) A rounded knoll of rock resembling the back of a sheep. -- produced by glacial action. Called also roche moutonn\'82e ; -- usually in the plural.

Sheepberry <Xpage=1326>