Chapter 1532

5. pl. Same as Middlings , 1.

6. An expert. [Slang]

Sharp <Xpage=1324>

Sharp , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sharped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharping .] 1. To sharpen. [Obs.]

Spenser.

2. (Mus.) To raise above the proper pitch; to elevate the tone of; especially, to raise a half step, or semitone, above the natural tone.

Sharp <Xpage=1324>

Sharp , v. i. 1. To play tricks in bargaining; to act the sharper.

L'Estrange.

2. (Mus.) To sing above the proper pitch.

Sharp-cut <Xpage=1324>

Sharp-cut` (?) , a. Cut sharply or definitely, or so as to make a clear, well-defined impression, as the lines of an engraved plate, and the like; clear-cut; hence, having great distinctness; well-defined; clear.

Sharpen <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"en (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Sarpened (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sharpening .] [See Sharp , a. ] To make sharp. Specifically: (a) To give a keen edge or fine point to; to make sharper; as, to sharpen an ax, or the teeth of a saw . (b) To render more quick or acute in perception; to make more ready or ingenious.

The air . . . sharpened his visual ray To objects distant far. Milton.

He that wrestles with us strengthens our nerves and sharpens our skill. Burke.

(c) To make more eager; as, to sharpen men's desires .

Epicurean cooks Sharpen with cloyless sauce his appetite. Shak.

(d) To make more pungent and intense; as, to sharpen a pain or disease . (e) To make biting, sarcastic, or severe . " Sharpen each word." E. Smith . (f) To render more shrill or piercing .

Inclosures not only preserve sound, but increase and sharpen it. Bacon.

(g) To make more tart or acid; to make sour; as, the rays of the sun sharpen vinegar . (h) (Mus. ) To raise, as a sound, by means of a sharp; to apply a sharp to .

Sharpen <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"en , v. i. To grow or become sharp.

Sharper <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"er (?) , n. A person who bargains closely, especially, one who cheats in bargains; a swinder; also, a cheating gamester.

Sharpers , as pikes, prey upon their own kind. L'Estrange.

Syn. -- Swindler; cheat; deceiver; trickster; rogue. See Swindler .

Sharpie <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"ie (?) , n. (Naut.) A long, sharp, flat-bottomed boat, with one or two masts carrying a triangular sail. They are often called Fair Haven sharpies , after the place on the coast of Connecticut where they originated. [Local, U.S.]

Sharpling <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"ling (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A stickleback. [Prov. Eng.]

Sharply <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"ly , adv. In a sharp manner,; keenly; acutely.

They are more sharply to be chastised and reformed than the rude Irish. Spenser.

The soldiers were sharply assailed with wants. Hayward.

You contract your eye when you would see sharply . Bacon.

Sharpness <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"ness , n. [AS. scearpness .] The quality or condition of being sharp; keenness; acuteness.

Sharpsaw <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"saw` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The great titmouse; -- so called from its harsh call notes. [Prov. Eng.]

Sharp-set <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"-set` (?) , a. Eager in appetite or desire of gratification; affected by keen hunger; ravenous; as, an eagle or a lion sharp-set .

The town is sharp-set on new plays. Pope.

Sharpshooter <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"shoot`er (?) , n. One skilled in shooting at an object with exactness; a good marksman.

Sharpshooting <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"shoot`ing , n. A shooting with great precision and effect; hence, a keen contest of wit or argument.

Sharp-sighted <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"-sight`ed (?) , a. Having quick or acute sight; -- used literally and figuratively. -- Sharp`-sight`ed*ness , n.

Sharptail <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"tail` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The pintail duck. (b) The pintail grouse, or prairie chicken.

Sharp-witted <Xpage=1324>

Sharp"-wit`ted (?) , a. Having an acute or nicely discerning mind.

Shash <Xpage=1324>

Shash (?) , n. [See Sash .] 1. The scarf of a turban. [Obs.]

Fuller.

2. A sash. [Obs.]

Shaster, Shastra <Xpage=1324>

Shas"ter (?) , Shas"tra (?) , n. [Skr. c\'bestra an order or command, a sacred book, fr. c\'bes to order, instruct, govern. Cf. Sastra .] A treatise for authoritative instruction among the Hindoos; a book of institutes; especially, a treatise explaining the Vedas. [Written also sastra .]

Shathmont <Xpage=1324>

Shath"mont (<?/) , n. A shaftment . [Scot.]

Shatter <Xpage=1324>

Shat"ter (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Shattered (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Shattering .] [OE. schateren , scateren , to scatter, to dash, AS. scateran ; cf. D. schateren to crack, to make a great noise, OD. schetteren to scatter, to burst, to crack. Cf. Scatter .] 1. To break at once into many pieces; to dash, burst, or part violently into fragments; to rend into splinters; as, an explosion shatters a rock or a bomb; too much steam shatters a boiler; an oak is shattered by lightning.

A monarchy was shattered to pieces, and divided amongst revolted subjects. Locke.

2. To disorder; to derange; to render unsound; as, to be shattered in intellect; his constitution was shattered ; his hopes were shattered .

A man of a loose, volatile, and shattered humor. Norris.

3. To scatter about. [Obs.]

Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. Milton.

Shatter <Xpage=1324>

Shat"ter , v. i. To be broken into fragments; to fal<?/ or crumble to pieces by any force applied.

Some fragile bodies break but where the force is; some shatter and fly in many places. Bacon.

Shatter <Xpage=1324>

Shat"ter , n. A fragment of anything shattered; -- used chiefly or soley in the phrase into shatters ; as, to break a glass into shatters .

Swift.

Shatter-brained, Shatter-pated <Xpage=1324>

Shat"ter-brained` (?) , Shat"ter-pat`ed (?) , a. Disordered or wandering in intellect; hence, heedless; wild.

J. Goodman.

Shattery <Xpage=1324>

Shat"ter*y (?) , a. Easily breaking into pieces; not compact; loose of texture; brittle; as, shattery spar .

Shave <Xpage=1324>

Shave (?) , obs. p. p. of Shave .

Chaucer.

His beard was shave as nigh as ever he can. Chaucer.

Shave <Xpage=1324>

Shave , v. t. [ imp. Shaved (?) ; p. p. Shaved or Shaven (<?/) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Shaving .] [OE. shaven , schaven , AS. scafan , sceafan ; akin to D. schaven , G. schaben , Icel. skafa , Sw. skafva , Dan. skave , Goth. scaban , Russ. kopate to dig, Gr. <?/<?/<?/<?/, and probably to L. scabere to scratch, to scrape. Cf. Scab , Shaft , Shape .] 1. To cut or pare off from the surface of a body with a razor or other edged instrument; to cut off closely, as with a razor; as, to shave the beard .

2. To make bare or smooth by cutting off closely the surface, or surface covering, of; especially, to remove the hair from with a razor or other sharp instrument; to take off the beard or hair of; as, to shave the face or the crown of the head; he shaved himself.

I'll shave your crown for this. Shak.

The laborer with the bending scythe is seen Shaving the surface of the waving green. Gay.

3. To cut off thin slices from; to cut in thin slices.

Plants bruised or shaven in leaf or root. Bacon.

4. To skim along or near the surface of; to pass close to, or touch lightly, in passing.

Now shaves with level wing the deep. Milton.

5. To strip; to plunder; to fleece. [Colloq.]

To shave a note , to buy it at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest, or to deduct in discounting it more than the legal rate allows. [Cant, U.S.]

<page="1325"> Page 1325

Shave <Xpage=1325>

Shave (?) , v. i. To use a razor for removing the beard; to cut closely; hence, to be hard and severe in a bargain; to practice extortion; to cheat.

Shave <Xpage=1325>

Shave (?) , n. [AS. scafa , sceafa, a sort of knife. See Shave , v. t. ] 1. A thin slice; a shaving.

Wright.

2. A cutting of the beard; the operation of shaving.

3. (a) An exorbitant discount on a note. [Cant, U.S.] (b) A premium paid for an extension of the time of delivery or payment, or for the right to vary a stock contract in any particular. [Cant, U.S.]

N. Biddle.

4. A hand tool consisting of a sharp blade with a handle at each end; a drawing knife; a spokeshave.

5. The act of passing very near to, so as almost to graze; as, the bullet missed by a close shave . [Colloq.]

Shave grass (Bot.) , the scouring rush. See the Note under Equisetum . -- Shave hook , a tool for scraping metals, consisting of a sharp-edged triangular steel plate attached to a shank and handle.

Shaveling <Xpage=1325>

Shave"ling (?) , n. A man shaved; hence, a monk, or other religious; -- used in contempt.

I am no longer a shaveling than while my frock is on my back. Sir W. Scott.

Shaver <Xpage=1325>

Shav"er (?) , n. 1. One who shaves; one whose occupation is to shave.

2. One who is close in bargains; a sharper.

Swift.

3. One who fleeces; a pillager; a plunderer.

By these shavers the Turks were stripped. Knolles.

4. A boy; a lad; a little fellow. [Colloq.] "These unlucky little shavers ." <-- often little shaver -->

Salmagundi.

As I have mentioned at the door to this young shaver , I am on a chase in the name of the king. Dickens.

5. (Mech.) A tool or machine for shaving.

A note shaver , a person who buys notes at a discount greater than the legal rate of interest. [Cant, U.S.]

Shaving <Xpage=1325>

Shav"ing , n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, shaves; specifically, the act of cutting off the beard with a razor.

2. That which is shaved off; a thin slice or strip pared off with a shave, a knife, a plane, or other cutting instrument. " Shaving of silver."

Chaucer.

Shaving brush , a brush used in lathering the face preparatory to shaving it.

Shaw <Xpage=1325>

Shaw (?) , n. [OE. schawe , scha<?/e , thicket, grove, AS. scaga ; akin to Dan. skov , Sw. skog , Icel. sk<?/gr .] 1. A thicket; a small wood or grove. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]

Burns.

Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the shaw . Chaucer.

The green shaws , the merry green woods. Howitt.

2. pl. The leaves and tops of vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips, etc. [Scot.]

Jamieson.

Shawfowl <Xpage=1325>

Shaw"fowl` , n. [Scot. schaw , shaw , show + fowl .] The representation or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot at.

Johnson.

Shawl <Xpage=1325>

Shawl (?) , n. [Per. & Hind. sh\'bel : cf. F. ch\'83le .] A square or oblong cloth of wool, cotton, silk, or other textile or netted fabric, used, especially by women, as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders.

India shawl , a kind of rich shawl made in India from the wool of the Cashmere goat. It is woven in pieces, which are sewed together. -- Shawl goat (Zo\'94l.) , the Cashmere goat.

Shawl <Xpage=1325>

Shawl , v. t. To wrap in a shawl.

Thackeray.

Shawm <Xpage=1325>

Shawm (?) , n. [OE. shalmie , OF. chalemie ; cf. F. chalumeau shawm, chaume haulm, stalk; all fr. L. calamus a reed, reed pipe. See Haulm , and cf. Calumet .] (Mus.) A wind instrument of music, formerly in use, supposed to have resembled either the clarinet or the hautboy in form. [Written also shalm , shaum .]

Otway.

Even from the shrillest shaum unto the cornamute. Drayton.

Shawnees <Xpage=1325>

Shaw`nees" (?) , n. pl. ; sing. Shawnee (<?/) . (Ethnol.) A tribe of North American Indians who occupied Western New York and part of Ohio, but were driven away and widely dispersed by the Iroquois.

Shay <Xpage=1325>

Shay (?) , n. A chaise. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]

She <Xpage=1325>

She (?) , pron. [ sing. nom. She ; poss. Her . (<?/) or Hers (<?/) ; obj. Her ; pl. nom. They (?) ; poss. Their (?) or Theirs (<?/) ; obj. Them (?) .] [OE. she , sche , scheo , scho , AS. se\'a2 , fem. of the definite article, originally a demonstrative pronoun; cf. OS. siu , D. zij , G. sie , OHG. siu , s\'c6 , si , Icel. s&umac; , sj\'be , Goth. si she, s&omac; , fem. article, Russ. siia , fem., this, Gr. <?/, fem. article, Skr. s\'be , sy\'be . The possessive her or hers , and the objective her , are from a different root. See Her .] 1. This or that female; the woman understood or referred to; the animal of the female sex, or object personified as feminine, which was spoken of.

She loved her children best in every wise. Chaucer.

Then Sarah denied, . . . for she was afraid. Gen. xviii. 15.

2. A woman; a female; -- used substantively. [R.]

Lady, you are the cruelest she alive. Shak.

&hand; She is used in composition with nouns of common gender, for female , to denote an animal of the female sex; as, a she -bear; a she -cat.

Sheading <Xpage=1325>

Shead"ing (?) , n. [From AS. sc\'bedan , sce\'a0dan , to separate, divide. See Shed , v. t. ] A tithing, or division, in the Isle of Man, in which there is a coroner, or chief constable. The island is divided into six sheadings.

Sheaf <Xpage=1325>

Sheaf (?) , n. (Mech.) A sheave. [R.]

Sheaf <Xpage=1325>

Sheaf , n. ; pl. Sheaves (#) . [OE. sheef , shef , schef , AS. sce\'a0f ; akin to D. schoof , OHG. scoub , G. schaub , Icel. skauf a fox's brush, and E. shove . See Shove .] 1. A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a bundle of grain or straw.

The reaper fills his greedy hands, And binds the golden sheaves in brittle bands. Dryden.

2. Any collection of things bound together; a bundle; specifically, a bundle of arrows sufficient to fill a quiver, or the allowance of each archer, -- usually twenty-four.

The sheaf of arrows shook and rattled in the case. Dryden.

Sheaf <Xpage=1325>

Sheaf , v. t. To gather and bind into a sheaf; to make into sheaves; as, to sheaf wheat .

Sheaf <Xpage=1325>

Sheaf (?) , v. i. To collect and bind cut grain, or the like; to make sheaves.

They that reap must sheaf and bind. Shak.

Sheafy <Xpage=1325>

Sheaf"y (?) , a. Pertaining to, or consisting of, a sheaf or sheaves; resembling a sheaf.

Sheal <Xpage=1325>

Sheal (?) , n. Same as Sheeling . [Scot.]

Sheal <Xpage=1325>

Sheal , v. t. To put under a sheal or shelter. [Scot.]

Sheal <Xpage=1325>

Sheal , v. t. [See Shell .] To take the husks or pods off from; to shell; to empty of its contents, as a husk or a pod. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]

Jamieson.

That's a shealed peascod. Shak.

Sheal <Xpage=1325>

Sheal , n. A shell or pod. [Obs. or Prov.Eng.]

Shealing <Xpage=1325>

Sheal"ing , n. The outer husk, pod, or shell, as of oats, pease, etc.; sheal; shell. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & Scot.]

Shealing <Xpage=1325>

Sheal"ing , n. Same as Sheeling . [Scot.]

Shear <Xpage=1325>

Shear (?) , v. t. [ imp. Sheared (?) or Shore (<?/) ; p. p. Sheared or Shorn (<?/) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Shearing .] [OE. sheren , scheren , to shear, cut, shave, AS. sceran , scieran , scyran ; akin to D. & G. scheren , Icel. skera , Dan. ski<?/re , Gr. <?/<?/<?/. Cf. Jeer , Score , Shard , Share , Sheer to turn aside.] 1. To cut, clip, or sever anything from with shears or a like instrument; as, to shear sheep; to shear cloth .

&hand; It is especially applied to the cutting of wool from sheep or their skins, and the nap from cloth.

2. To separate or sever with shears or a similar instrument; to cut off; to clip (something) from a surface; as, to shear a fleece .

Before the golden tresses . . . were shorn away. Shak.

3. To reap, as grain. [Scot.]

Jamieson.

4. Fig.: To deprive of property; to fleece.

5. (Mech.) To produce a change of shape in by a shear. See Shear , n. , 4.

Shear <Xpage=1325>

Shear , n. [AS. sceara . See Shear , v. t. ] 1. A pair of shears; -- now always used in the plural, but formerly also in the singular. See Shears .

On his head came razor none, nor shear . Chaucer.

Short of the wool, and naked from the shear . Dryden.

2. A shearing; -- used in designating the age of sheep.

After the second shearing, he is a two- sher ram; . . . at the expiration of another year, he is a three- shear ram; the name always taking its date from the time of shearing. Youatt.

3. (Engin.) An action, resulting from applied forces, which tends to cause two contiguous parts of a body to slide relatively to each other in a direction parallel to their plane of contact; -- also called shearing stress , and tangential stress .