Chapter 151

Be*quote" (?) , v. t. To quote constantly or with great frequency.

Berain <Xpage=138>

Be*rain (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Berained (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Beraining .] To rain upon; to wet with rain. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Berate <Xpage=138>

Be*rate" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Berated; p. pr. & vb. n. Berating.] To rate or chide vehemently; to scold. Holland. Motley.

Berattle <Xpage=138>

Be*rat"tle (<?/) , v. t. To make rattle; to scold vociferously; to cry down. [Obs.] Shak.

Beray <Xpage=138>

Be*ray" (?) v.t. [Pref. be + ray to defile] TO make foul; to soil; to defile. [Obs.] Milton.

Berbe <Xpage=138>

Berbe (?) , n. [Cf. Berber, Barb a Barbary horse.] (Zo\'94l.) An African genet (Genetta pardina). See Genet.

Berber <Xpage=138>

Ber"ber (?) , n. [See Barbary.] A member of a race somewhat resembling the Arabs, but often classed as Hamitic, who were formerly the inhabitants of the whole of North Africa from the Mediterranean southward into the Sahara, and who still occupy a large part of that region; -- called also Kabyles. Also, the language spoken by this people.

Berberine <Xpage=138>

Ber"ber*ine (?) , n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained, as a bitter, yellow substance, from the root of the barberry, gold thread, and other plants.

Berberry <Xpage=138>

Ber"ber*ry (?) , n. See Barberry.

Berdash <Xpage=138>

Ber"dash (?) , n. A kind of neckcloth. [Obs.]

A treatise against the cravat and berdash . Steele.

Bere <Xpage=138>

Bere (?) , v. t. [Cf. OIcel. berja to strike.] To pierce. [Obs.] Chaucer.

Bere <Xpage=138>

Bere , n. See Bear, barley. [Scot.]

Bereave <Xpage=138>

Be*reave" (<?/) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Bereaved (<?/) , Bereft (<?/) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Bereaving. ] [OE. bireven , AS. bere\'a0fian . See Be- , and Reave. ]

1. To make destitute; to deprive; to strip; -- with of before the person or thing taken away.

Madam, you have bereft me of all words. Shak.

Bereft of him who taught me how to sing. Tickell.

2. To take away from. [Obs.]

All your interest in those territories Is utterly bereft you; all is lost. Shak.

3. To take away. [Obs.]

Shall move you to bereave my life. Marlowe.

&hand; The imp. and past pple. form bereaved is not used in reference to immaterial objects. We say bereaved or bereft by death of a relative, bereft of hope and strength.

Syn. -- To dispossess; to divest.

Bereavement <Xpage=138>

Be*reave"ment (?) , n. The state of being bereaved; deprivation; esp., the loss of a relative by death.

Bereaver <Xpage=138>

Be*reav"er (?) , n. One who bereaves.

Bereft <Xpage=138>

Be*reft" (?) , imp. & p. p. of Bereave.

Beretta <Xpage=138>

Be*ret"ta (?) , n. Same as Berretta.

Berg <Xpage=138>

Berg (?) , n. [&root;95. See Barrow hill, and cf. Iceberg.] A large mass or hill, as of ice.

Glittering bergs of ice. Tennyson .

Bergamot <Xpage=138>

Ber"ga*mot (?) , n. [F. bergamote, fr. It. bergamotta; prob. a corruption of Turk. beg arm<?/di a lord's pear.] 1 . (Bot.) (a) A tree of the Orange family ( Citrus bergamia ), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted, much prized as a perfume. Also, the fruit. (b) A variety of mint ( Mentha aquatica, &var;. glabrata ).

2. The essence or perfume made from the fruit.

3. A variety of pear. Johnson .

4. A variety of snuff perfumed with bergamot.

The better hand . . . gives the nose its bergamot . Cowper .

5. A coarse tapestry, manufactured from flock of cotton or hemp, mixed with ox's or goat's hair; -- said to have been invented at Bergamo, Italy. Encyc. Brit.

Wild bergamot (Bot.) , an American herb of the Mint family ( Monarda fistulosa ).

Bergander <Xpage=138>

Ber"gan*der (?) , n. [Berg, for burrow + gander a male goose ? Cf. G. bergente, Dan. gravgaas.] (Zo\'94l.) A European duck ( Anas tadorna ). See Sheldrake.

Bergeret <Xpage=138>

Ber"ger*et (?) , n. [OF. bergerete, F. berger a shepherd.] A pastoral song. [Obs.]

Bergh <Xpage=138>

Bergh (?) , n. [AS. beorg.] A hill. [Obs.]

Bergmaster <Xpage=138>

Berg"mas`ter (?) , n. See Barmaster.

Bergmeal <Xpage=138>

Berg"meal (?) , n. [G. berg mountain + mehl meal.] (Min.) An earthy substance, resembling fine flour. It is composed of the shells of infusoria, and in Lapland and Sweden is sometimes eaten, mixed with flour or ground birch bark, in times of scarcity. This name is also given to a white powdery variety of calcite.

Bergmote <Xpage=138>

Berg"mote (?) , n. See Barmote .

Bergomask <Xpage=138>

Ber"go*mask (?) , n. A rustic dance, so called in ridicule of the people of Bergamo, in Italy, once noted for their clownishness.

Bergylt <Xpage=138>

Ber"gylt (?) , n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The Norway haddock. See Rosefish.

Berhyme <Xpage=138>

Be*rhyme" (<?/) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Berhymed (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Berhyming.] To mention in rhyme or verse; to rhyme about. [Sometimes use depreciatively.] Shak.

Beriberi <Xpage=138>

Be`ri*be"ri (?) , n. [Singhalese beri weakness.] An acute disease occurring in India, characterized by multiple inflammatory changes in the nerves, producing great muscular debility, a painful rigidity of the limbs, and cachexy.

Berime <Xpage=138>

Be*rime" (<?/) , v. t. To berhyme. [The earlier and etymologically preferable spelling.]

Berkeleian <Xpage=138>

Berke*le"ian (?) , a. Of or relating to Bishop Berkeley or his system of idealism; as, Berkeleian philosophy . -- Berke"ley*ism , n.

Berlin <Xpage=138>

Ber"lin (?) , n. [The capital of Prussia] 1. A four-wheeled carriage, having a sheltered seat behind the body and separate from it, invented in the 17th century, at Berlin.

2. Fine worsted for fancy-work; zephyr worsted; -- called also Berlin wool.

Berlin black , a black varnish, drying with almost a dead surface; -- used for coating the better kinds of ironware. Ure. -- Berlin blue , Prussian blue. Ure . -- Berlin green , a complex cyanide of iron, used as a green dye, and similar to Prussian blue. -- Berlin iron , a very fusible variety of cast iron, from which figures and other delicate articles are manufactured. These are often stained or lacquered in imitation of bronze. -- Berlin shop , a shop for the sale of worsted embroidery and the materials for such work. -- Berlin work , worsted embroidery.

Berm Berme <Xpage=138>

Berm Berme (?) , n. [F. berme , of German origin; cf. G. brame , br\'84me , border, akin to E. brim .] 1. (Fort.) A narrow shelf or path between the bottom of a parapet and the ditch.

2. (Engineering) A ledge at the bottom of a bank or cutting, to catch earth that may roll down the slope, or to strengthen the bank.

Bermuda grass <Xpage=138>

Ber*mu"da grass` (?) . (Bot.) A kind of grass ( Cynodon Dactylon ) esteemed for pasture in the Southern United States. It is a native of Southern Europe, but is now wide-spread in warm countries; -- called also scutch grass , and in Bermuda, devil grass .

Bernacle <Xpage=138>

Ber"na*cle (?) , n. See Barnacle .

Berna fly <Xpage=138>

Ber"na fly` (?) . (Zo\'94l.) A Brazilian dipterous insect of the genus Trypeta , which lays its eggs in the nostrils or in wounds of man and beast, where the larv\'91 do great injury.

Bernardine <Xpage=138>

Ber"nar*dine (?) , a. Of or pertaining to St. Bernard of Clairvaux, or to the Cistercian monks. -- n. A Cistercian monk.

Bernese <Xpage=138>

Ber*nese" (?) , a. Pertaining to the city o<?/ canton of Bern, in Switzerland, or to its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or natives of Bern.

Bernicle <Xpage=138>

Ber"ni*cle (?) , n. [OE. bernak , bernacle ; cf. OF. bernac ; prob. fr. LL. bernacula for hibernicula , bernicula , fr. Hibernia ; the birds coming from Hibernia or Ireland. Cf. 1st Barnacle .] A bernicle goose. [Written also barnacle .]

Bernicle goose (Zo\'94l.) , a goose ( Branta leucopsis ), of Arctic Europe and America. It was formerly believed that it hatched from the cirripeds of the sea ( Lepas ), which were, therefore, called barnacles, goose barnacles, or Anatifers. The name is also applied to other related species. See Anatifa and Cirripedia .

Bernouse <Xpage=138>

Ber*nouse" (?) , n. Some as Burnoose .

Berob <Xpage=138>

Be*rob" (?) , v. t. To rob; to plunder. [Obs.]

Beroe <Xpage=138>

Ber"o*e (?) , n. [L. Beroe , one of the Oceanid\'91 Gr. <?/ : cf. F. bero\'82 .] (Zo\'94l.) A small, oval, transparent jellyfish, belonging to the Ctenophora.

Berretta <Xpage=138>

Ber*ret"ta (?) , n. [It., fr. LL. birrettum , berretum , a cap, dim. of L. birrus , birrum , a cloak to keep off rain, cf. Gr. <?/ tawny, red: cf. Sp. birreta , Pg. barrete , and E. Barret .] A square cap worn by ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church. A cardinal's berretta is scarlet; that worn by other clerics is black, except that a bishop's is lined with green. [Also spelt beretta , biretta , etc.]

Berried <Xpage=138>

Ber"ried (?) , a. Furnished with berries; consisting of a berry; baccate; as, a berried shrub .

Berry <Xpage=138>

Ber"ry (?) , n. ; pl. Berries . [OE. berie , AS. berie , berige ; akin to D. bes , G. beere , OS. and OHG. beri , Icel. ber , Sw. b\'84r , Goth. basi , and perh. Skr. bhas to eat.]

1. Any small fleshy fruit, as the strawberry, mulberry, huckleberry, etc.

2. (Bot.) A small fruit that is pulpy or succulent throughout, having seeds loosely imbedded in the pulp, as the currant, grape, blueberry.

3. The coffee bean.

4. One of the ova or eggs of a fish.

Travis.

In berry , containing ova or spawn.

Berry <Xpage=138>

Ber"ry , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Berried (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Berrying .] To bear or produce berries.

Berry <Xpage=138>

Ber"ry , n. [AS. beorh . See Barrow a hill.] A mound; a hillock.

W. Browne.

Berrying <Xpage=138>

Ber"ry*ing , n. A seeking for or gathering of berries, esp. of such as grow wild.

Berserk, Berserker <Xpage=138>

Ber"serk (?) , Ber"serk*er (?) , n. [Icel. berserkr .] 1. (Scand. Myth.) One of a class of legendary heroes, who fought frenzied by intoxicating liquors, and naked, regardless of wounds.

Longfellow.

2. One who fights as if frenzied, like a Berserker.

Berstle <Xpage=138>

Bers"tle (?) , n. See Bristle . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Berth <Xpage=138>

Berth (?) , n. [From the root of bear to produce, like birth nativity. See Birth .] [Also written birth .]

1. (Naut.) (a) Convenient sea room. (b) A room in which a number of the officers or ship's company mess and reside. (c) The place where a ship lies when she is at anchor, or at a wharf.

2. An allotted place; an appointment; situation or employment. "He has a good berth ."

Totten.

3. A place in a ship to sleep in; a long box or shelf on the side of a cabin or stateroom, or of a railway car, for sleeping in.

Berth deck , the deck next below the lower gun deck. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- To give (the land or any object) a wide berth , to keep at a distance from it.

Berth <Xpage=138>

Berth , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Berthed (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Berthing .] 1. To give an anchorage to, or a place to lie at; to place in a berth; as, she was berthed stem to stern with the Adelaide .

2. To allot or furnish berths to, on shipboard; as, to berth a ship's company .

Totten.

Bertha <Xpage=138>

Ber"tha (?) , n. [F. berthe , fr. Berthe , a woman's name.] A kind of collar or cape worn by ladies.

Berthage <Xpage=138>

Berth"age (?) , n. A place for mooring vessels in a dock or harbor.

Berthierite <Xpage=138>

Ber"thi*er*ite (?) , n. [From Berthier , a French naturalist.] (Min.) A double sulphide of antimony and iron, of a dark steel-gray color.

Berthing <Xpage=138>

Berth"ing (?) , n. (Naut.) The planking outside of a vessel, above the sheer strake.

Smyth.

Bertram <Xpage=138>

Ber"tram (?) , n. [Corrupted fr. L. pyrethrum , Gr. <?/ a hot spicy plant, fr. <?/ fire.] (Bot.) Pellitory of Spain ( Anacyclus pyrethrum ).

<page="139"> Page 139

Berycoid <Xpage=139>

Ber"y*coid (?) , a. [NL. beryx , the name of the typical genus + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Berycid\'91 , a family of marine fishes.

Beryl <Xpage=139>

Ber"yl (?) , n. [F. b\'82ryl , OF. beril, L. beryllus , Gr. <?/ , prob. fr. Skr. vaid<?/rya . Cf. Brilliant .] (Min.) A mineral of great hardness, and, when transparent, of much beauty. It occurs in hexagonal prisms, commonly of a green or bluish green color, but also yellow, pink, and white. It is a silicate of aluminium and glucinum (beryllium). The aquamarine is a transparent, sea-green variety used as a gem. The emerald is another variety highly prized in jewelry, and distinguished by its deep color, which is probably due to the presence of a little oxide of chromium.

Berylline <Xpage=139>

Ber"yl*line (?) , a. Like a beryl; of a light or bluish green color.

Beryllium <Xpage=139>

Be*ryl"li*um (<?/) , n. [NL.] (Chem.) A metallic element found in the beryl. See Glucinum .

Berylloid <Xpage=139>

Ber"yl*loid (?) , n. [ Beryl + -oid .] (Crystallog.) A solid consisting of a double twelve-sided pyramid; -- so called because the planes of this form occur on crystals of beryl.

Besaiel, Besaile, Besayle <Xpage=139>

Be*saiel" , Be*saile" , Be*sayle" (<?/) , n. [OF. beseel , F. bisa\'8beul , fr. L. bis twice + LL. avolus , dim. of L. avus grandfather.] 1. A great-grandfather. [Obs.]

2. (Law) A kind of writ which formerly lay where a great-grandfather died seized of lands in fee simple, and on the day of his death a stranger abated or entered and kept the heir out. This is now abolished.

Blackstone.

Besaint <Xpage=139>

Be*saint" (?) , v. t. To make a saint of.

Besant <Xpage=139>

Be*sant" (?) , n. See Bezant .

Bes-antler <Xpage=139>

Bes-ant"ler (?) , n. Same as Bez-antler .

Bescatter <Xpage=139>

Be*scat"ter (?) , v. t. 1. To scatter over.

2. To cover sparsely by scattering (something); to strew. "With flowers bescattered ."

Spenser.

Bescorn <Xpage=139>

Be*scorn" (?) , v. t. To treat with scorn. "Then was he bescorned ."

Chaucer.

Bescratch <Xpage=139>

Be*scratch" (?) , v. t. To tear with the nails; to cover with scratches.

Bescrawl <Xpage=139>

Be*scrawl" (?) , v. t. To cover with scrawls; to scribble over.

Milton.

Bescreen <Xpage=139>

Be*screen" (?) , v. t. To cover with a screen, or as with a screen; to shelter; to conceal.

Shak.

Bescribble <Xpage=139>

Be*scrib"ble (?) , v. t. To scribble over. " Bescribbled with impertinences."

Milton.

Bescumber, Bescummer <Xpage=139>

Be*scum"ber (?) , Be*scum"mer (?) , v. t. [Pref. be- + scumber , scummer .] To discharge ordure or dung upon. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

Besee <Xpage=139>

Be*see" (?) , v. t. & i. [AS. bese\'a2n ; pref. be- + <?/e\'a2n to see.] To see; to look; to mind. [Obs.]

Wyclif.

Beseech <Xpage=139>

Be*seech" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Besought (#) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Beseeching .] [OE. bisechen , biseken (akin to G. besuchen to visit); pref. be- + sechen , seken , to seek. See Seek .] 1. To ask or entreat with urgency; to supplicate; to implore.

I beseech you, punish me not with your hard thoughts. Shak.

But Eve . . . besought his peace. Milton.

Syn. -- To beg; to crave. -- To Beseech , Entreat , Solicit , Implore , Supplicate . These words agree in marking that sense of want which leads men to beg some favor. To solicit is to make a request, with some degree of earnestness and repetition, of one whom we address as a superior. To entreat implies greater urgency, usually enforced by adducing reasons or arguments. To beseech is still stronger, and belongs rather to the language of poetry and imagination. To implore denotes increased fervor of entreaty, as addressed either to equals or superiors. To supplicate expresses the extreme of entreaty, and usually implies a state of deep humiliation. Thus, a captive supplicates a conqueror to spare his life. Men solicit by virtue of their interest with another; they entreat in the use of reasoning and strong representations; they beseech with importunate earnestness; they implore from a sense of overwhelming distress; they supplicate with a feeling of the most absolute inferiority and dependence.

Beseech <Xpage=139>

Be*seech" , n. Solicitation; supplication. [Obs. or Poetic]

Shak.

Beseecher <Xpage=139>

Be*seech"er (?) , n. One who beseeches.

Beseeching <Xpage=139>