Chapter 1492

Boarding school , Common school , District school , Normal school , etc. See under Boarding , Common , District , etc. -- High school , a free public school nearest the rank of a college. [U.S.] -- School board , a corporation established by law in every borough or parish in England, and elected by the burgesses or ratepayers, with the duty of providing public school accomodation for all children in their dictrict. -- School commitee , School board , an elected commitee of citizens having charge and care of the public schools in any district, town, or city, and responsible control of the money appropriated for school purposes. [U.S.] -- School days , the period in which youth are sent to school. -- School district , a division of a town or city for establishing and conducting schools. [U.S.] -- Sunday school , ∨ Sabbath school , a school held on Sunday for study of the Bible and for religious instruction; the pupils, or the teachers and pupils, of such a school, collectively.

School <Xpage=1286>

School , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Schooled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Schooling .] 1. To train in an institution of learning; to educate at a school; to teach.

He's gentle, never schooled , and yet learned. Shak.

2. To tutor; to chide and admonish; to reprove; to subject to systematic disciplene; to train.

It now remains for you to school your child, And ask why God's Anointed be reviled. Dryden.

The mother, while loving her child with the intensity of a sole affection, had schooled herself to hope for little other return than the waywardness of an April breeze. Hawthorne.

Schoolbook <Xpage=1286>

School"book` (?) , n. A book used in schools for learning lessons.

Schoolboy <Xpage=1286>

School"boy` (?) , n. A boy belonging to, or attending, a school.

Schooldame <Xpage=1286>

School"dame` (?) . n. A schoolmistress.

Schoolery <Xpage=1286>

School"er*y (<?/) , n. Something taught; precepts; schooling . [Obs.]

penser.

Schoolfellow <Xpage=1286>

School"fel`low (?) , n. One bred at the same school; an associate in school.

Schoolgirl <Xpage=1286>

School"girl` (?) , n. A girl belonging to, or attending, a school.

Schoolhouse <Xpage=1286>

School"house` (?) , n. A house appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or for instruction. <-- a building used for schooling, esp. one used as an elementary school; usu. small, and usu. constructed specifically for that purpose. -->

Schooling <Xpage=1286>

School"ing , n. 1. Instruction in school; tuition; education in an institution of learning; act of teaching.

2. Discipline; reproof; reprimand; as, he gave his son a good schooling .

Sir W. Scott.

3. Compensation for instruction; price or reward paid to an instructor for teaching pupils.

Schooling <Xpage=1286>

School"ing , a. [See School a shoal.] (Zo\'94l.) Collecting or running in schools or shoals. <-- used of fish -->

Schooling species like the herring and menhaden. G. B. Goode.

Schoolma'am <Xpage=1286>

School"ma'am (?) , n. A schoolmistress. [Colloq.U.S.]

Schoolmaid <Xpage=1286>

School"maid` (?) , n. A schoolgirl.

Shak.

Schoolman <Xpage=1286>

School"man` (?) , n. ; pl. Schoolmen (<?/) . One versed in the niceties of academical disputation or of school divinity.

&hand; The schoolmen were philosophers and divines of the Middle Ages, esp. from the 11th century to the Reformation, who spent much time on points of nice and abstract speculation. They were so called because they taught in the medi\'91val universities and schools of divinity.

Schoolmaster <Xpage=1286>

School"mas`ter (?) , n. 1. The man who presides over and teaches a school; a male teacher of a school.

Let the soldier be abroad if he will; he can do nothing in this age. There is another personage abroad, -- a person less imposing, -- in the eyes of some, perhaps, insignificant. The schoolmaster is abroad; and I trust to him, armed with his primer, against the soldier in full military array. Brougham.

2. One who, or that which, disciplines and directs.

The law was our schoolmaster , to bring us into Christ. Gal. iii. 24.

<page="1287"> Page 1287

Schoolmate <Xpage=1287>

School"mate` (?) , n. A pupil who attends the same school as another.

Schoolmistress <Xpage=1287>

School"mis`tress (?) , n. A woman who governs and teaches a school; a female school-teacher.

Schoolroom <Xpage=1287>

School"room` (?) , n. A room in which pupils are taught.

Schoolship <Xpage=1287>

School"ship` (?) , n. A vessel employed as a nautical training school, in which naval apprentices receive their education at the expense of the state, and are trained for service as sailors. Also, a vessel used as a reform school to which boys are committed by the courts to be disciplined, and instructed as mariners.

School-teacher <Xpage=1287>

School"-teach`er (?) , n. One who teaches or instructs a school. -- School"-teach`ing , n.

Schoolward <Xpage=1287>

School"ward (?) , adv. Toward school.

Chaucer.

Schooner <Xpage=1287>

Schoon"er (?) , n. [See the Note below. Cf. Shun .] (Naut.) Originally, a small, sharp-built vessel, with two topsails on one or both masts and was called a topsail schooner . About 1840, longer vesels with three masts, fore-and-aft rigged, came into use, and since that time vesels with four masts and even with six masts, so rigged, are built. Schooners with more than two masts are designated three-masted schooners , four-masted schooners , etc. See Illustration in Appendix. <-- since early in the 20th century, almost all ocean commerce has been conducted on motorized ships, and such sailing ships have survived primarily as historical curiosities, or as pleasure boats. -->

&hand; The fist schooner ever constructed is said to have between built in Gloucester, Massachusetts, about theyar 1713, by a Captain Andrew Robinson, and to have received its name from the following trivial circumstance: When the vessel went off the stocks into the water, a bystander cried out,"O, how she scoons !" Robinson replied, " A scooner let her be;" and, from that time, vessels thus masted and rigged have gone by this name. The word scoon is popularly used in some parts of New England to denote the act of making stones skip along the surface of water. The Scottish scon means the same thing. Both words are probably allied to the Icel. skunda , skynda , to make haste, hurry, AS. scunian to avoid, shun, Prov. E. scun . In the New England records, the word appears to have been originally written scooner . Babson, in his "History of Gloucester," gives the following extract from a letter written in that place Sept. 25, 1721, by Dr. Moses Prince, brother of the Rev. Thomas Prince, the annalist of New England: "This gentleman (Captain Robinson) was first contriver of schooners , and built the first of that sort about eight years since."

Schooner <Xpage=1287>

Schoon"er , n. [D.] A large goblet or drinking glass, -- used for lager beer or ale. [U.S.]

Schorl <Xpage=1287>

Schorl (sh\'93rl) , n. [G. sch\'94rl ; cf. Sw. sk\'94rl .] (Min.) Black tourmaline. [Written also shorl .]

Schorlaceous <Xpage=1287>

Schor*la"ceous (?) , a. Partaking of the nature and character of schorl; resembling schorl.

Schorlous <Xpage=1287>

Schorl"ous (?) , a. Schorlaceous.

Schorly <Xpage=1287>

Schorl"y > (<?/) , a. Pertaining to, or containing, schorl; as, schorly granite .

Schottish, Schottische <Xpage=1287>

Schot"tish , Schot"tische , (<?/) , n. [F. schottish , schotisch from G. schottisch Scottish, Scotch.] A Scotch round dance in 2-4 time, similar to the polka, only slower; also, the music for such a dance; -- not to be confounded with the \'90cossaise .

Schreibersite <Xpage=1287>

Schrei"bers*ite (?) , n. [Named after Carl von Schreibers , of Vienna.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in steel-gray flexible folia. It contains iron, nickel, and phosphorus, and is found only in meteoric iron.

Schrode <Xpage=1287>

Schrode (?) , n. See Scrod .

Schwan's sheath <Xpage=1287>

Schwan's" sheath` (?) . [So called from Theodor Schwann , a German anatomist of the 19th century.] (Anat.) The neurilemma.

Schwann's white substance <Xpage=1287>

Schwann's white" sub"stance (?) . (Anat.) The substance of the medullary sheath.

Schwanpan <Xpage=1287>

Schwan"pan` (?) , n. Chinese abacus.

Schweitzerk\'84se <Xpage=1287>

Schweit"zer*k\'84"se (?) , n. [G. schweizerk\'84se Swiss cheese.] Gruy\'8are cheese.

Schwenkfelder, Schwenkfeldian <Xpage=1287>

Schwenk"feld`er (?) , Schwenk"feld`i*an (?) , n. A member of a religious sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld, a Silesian reformer who disagreed with Luther, especially on the deification of the body of Christ.

Sci\'91noid <Xpage=1287>

Sci*\'91"noid (?) , a. [L. sci\'91na a kind of fish (fr. Gr. <?/) + -oid .] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Sci\'91nid\'91 , a family of marine fishes which includes the meagre, the squeteague, and the kingfish.

Sciagraph <Xpage=1287>

Sci"a*graph (?) , n. [See Sciagraphy .] 1. (Arch.) An old term for a vertical section of a building; -- called also sciagraphy . See Vertical section , under Section .

2. (Phys.) A radiograph. [Written also skiagraph .]

Sciagraphical <Xpage=1287>

Sci`a*graph"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. sciagraphique , Gr. <?/.] Pertaining to sciagraphy. -- Sci`a*graph"ic*al*ly , adv.

Sciagraphy <Xpage=1287>

Sci*ag"ra*phy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ drawing in light and shade; <?/ a shadow + <?/ to delineate: cf. F. sciagraphie .] 1. The art or science of projecting or delineating shadows as they fall in nature.

Gwilt.

2. (Arch.) Same as Siagraph .

Sciamachy <Xpage=1287>

Sci*am"a*chy (?) , n. See Sciomachy .

Sciatheric, Sciatherical <Xpage=1287>

Sci`a*ther"ic (?) , Sci`a*ther"ic*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ a sundial; <?/ a shadow + <?/ to hunt, to catch.] Belonging to a sundial. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

-- Sci`a*ther"ic*al*ly , adv. [Obs.]

J. Gregory.

Sciatic <Xpage=1287>

Sci*at"ic (?) , a. [F. sciatique , LL. sciaticus , from L. inschiadicus , Gr. <?/. See Ischiadic .] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the hip; in the region of, or affecting, the hip; ischial; ischiatic; as, the sciatic nerve, sciatic pains .

Sciatic <Xpage=1287>

Sci*at"ic , n. [Cf. F. sciatique .] (Med.) Sciatica.

Sciatica <Xpage=1287>

Sci*at"i*ca (?) , n. [NL.] (Med.) Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, an affection characterized by paroxysmal attacks of pain in the buttock, back of the thing, or in the leg or foot, following the course of the branches of the sciatic nerve. The name is also popularly applied to various painful affections of the hip and the parts adjoininhg. See Ischiadic passion , under Ischiadic .

Sciatical <Xpage=1287>

Sci*at"ic*al (?) , a. (Anat.) Sciatic.

Sciaticly <Xpage=1287>

Sci*at"ic*ly , adv. With, or by means of, sciatica.

Scibboleth <Xpage=1287>

Scib"bo*leth (?) , n. Shibboleth. [Obs.]

Science <Xpage=1287>

Sci"ence (?) , n. [F., fr. L. scientia , fr. sciens , -entis , p.pr. of scire to know. Cf. Conscience , Conscious , Nice .] 1. Knowledge; lnowledge of principles and causes; ascertained truth of facts.

If we conceive God's or science , before the creation, to be extended to all and every part of the world, seeing everything as it is, . . . his science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity on anything to come to pass. Hammond.

Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental philosophy. Coleridge.

2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operation of general laws; knowledge classified and made available in work, life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or philosophical knowledge.

All this new science that men lere [teach]. Chaucer.

Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having, in point of form, the character of logical perfection, and in point of matter, the character of real truth. Sir W. Hamilton.

3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and forces of matter, the qualities and function of living tissues, etc.; -- called also natural science , and physical science .

Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field entirely unexplored in science , poetry, history, philosophy. J. Morley.

4. Any branch or departament of systematized knowledge considered as a distinct field of investigation or object of study; as, the science of astronomy, of chemistry, or of mind .

&hand; The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; -- the first three being included in the Trivium , the remaining four in the Quadrivium .

Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven, And though no science , fairly worth the seven. Pope.

5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of knowledge of laws and principles.

His science , coolness, and great strength. G. A. Lawrence.

&hand; Science is applied or pure . Applied science is a knowledge of facts, events, or phenomena, as explained, accounted for, or produced, by means of powers, causes, or laws. Pure science is the knowledge of these powers, causes, or laws, considered apart , or as pure from all applications. Both these terms have a similar and special signification when applied to the science of quantity; as, the applied and pure mathematics . Exact science is knowledge so systematized that prediction and verification, by measurement, experiment, observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and physical sciences are called the exact sciences .

Comparative sciences , Inductive sciences . See under Comparative , and Inductive .

Syn. -- Literature; art; knowledge. -- Science , Literature , Art . Science is literally knowledge , but more usually denotes a systematic and orderly arrangement of knowledge. In a more distinctive sense, science embraces those branches of knowledge of which the subject-matter is either ultimate principles, or facts as explained by principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The term literature sometimes denotes all compositions not embraced under science , but usually confined to the belles-lettres . [See Literature .] Art is that which depends on practice and skill in performance. "In science , scimus ut sciamus ; in art, scimus ut producamus . And, therefore, science and art may be said to be investigations of truth; but one, science , inquires for the sake of knowledge; the other, art , for the sake of production; and hence science is more concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower; and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive application. And the most perfect state of science , therefore, will be the most high and accurate inquiry; the perfection of art will be the most apt and efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself into the form of rules."

Karslake.

Science <Xpage=1287>

Sci"ence , v. t. To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to instruct. [R.]

Francis.

Scient <Xpage=1287>

Sci"ent (?) , a. [L. sciens , -entis , p.pr.] Knowing; skillful. [Obs.]

Cockeram.

Scienter <Xpage=1287>

Sci*en"ter (?) , adv. [L.] (Law) Knowingly; willfully.

Bouvier.

Sciential <Xpage=1287>

Sci*en"tial (?) , a. [LL. scientialis , fr. L. scientic .] Pertaining to, or producing, science. [R.]

Milton.

Scientific <Xpage=1287>

Sci`en*tif"ic (?) , a. [F. scientifique ; L. scientia science + facere to make.] 1. Of or pertaining to science; used in science; as, scientific principles; scientific apparatus; scientific observations .

2. Agreeing with, or depending on, the rules or principles of science; as, a scientific classification; a scientific arrangement of fossils .

3. Having a knowledge of science, or of a science; evincing science or systematic knowledge; as, a scientific chemist; a scientific reasoner; a scientific argument .

Bossuet is as scientific in the structure of his sentences. Lander.

Scientific method , the method employed in exact science and consisting of: ( a ) Careful and abundant observation and experiment. ( b ) generalization of the results into formulated "Laws" and statements.

Scientifical <Xpage=1287>

Sci`en*tif"ic*al (?) , a. Scientific.

Locke.

Scientifically <Xpage=1287>

Sci`en*tif"ic*al*ly , adv. In a scientific manner; according to the rules or principles of science.

It is easier to believe than to be scientifically instructed. Locke.

Scientist <Xpage=1287>

Sci"en*tist (?) , n. One learned in science; a scientific investigator; one devoted to scientific study; a savant. [Recent]

&hand; Twenty years ago I ventured to propose one [a name for the class of men who give their lives to scientific study] which has been slowly finding its way to general adoption; and the word scientist , though scarcely euphonious, has gradually assumed its place in our vocabulary. B. A. Gould (Address, 1869). <-- MW10 gives 1834 as first ref. date. -->

Scilicet <Xpage=1287>

Scil"i*cet (?) , adv. [L., fr. scire licet you may know.] To wit; namely; videlicet; -- often abbreviated to sc. , or ss.

Scillain <Xpage=1287>

Scil"la*in (?) , n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from squill ( Scilla ) as a light porous substance.

Scillitin <Xpage=1287>

Scil"li*tin (?) , n. [Cf. F. scilistine .] (Chem.) A bitter principle extracted from the bulbs of the squill ( Scilla ), and probably consisting of a complex mixture of several substances.

Scimiter, Scimitar <Xpage=1287>

Scim"i*ter , Scim"i*tar (?) , n. [F. cimeterre , cf. It. scimitarra , Sp. cimitarra ; fr. Biscayan cimetarry with a sharp edge; or corrupted from Per. shimsh\'c6r .] 1. A saber with a much curved blade having the edge on the convex side, -- in use among Mohammedans, esp., the Arabs and persians. [Written also cimeter , and scymetar .]