Chapter 1480

San"tal (?) , n. [ Sant alum + piperon al .] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, isomeric with piperonal, but having weak acid properties. It is extracted from sandalwood.

Santalaceous <Xpage=1275>

San`ta*la"ceous (?) , a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Santalace\'91) , of which the genus Santalum is the type, and which includes the buffalo nut and a few other North American plants, and many peculiar plants of the southern hemisphere.

Santalic <Xpage=1275>

San*tal"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, sandalwood ( Santalum ); -- used specifically to designate an acid obtained as a resinous or red crystalline dyestuff, which is called also santalin .

Santalin <Xpage=1275>

San"ta*lin (?) , n. [Cf. F. santaline .] (Chem.) Santalic acid. See Santalic .

Santalum <Xpage=1275>

San"ta*lum (?) , n. [NL. See Sandalwood .] (Bot.) A genus of trees with entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers. There are less than a dozen species, occuring from India to Australia and the Pacific Islands. See Sandalwood .

Santees <Xpage=1275>

San`tees" (?) , n. pl. ; sing. Santee (<?/) . (Ethnol.) One of the seven confederated tribes of Indians belonging to the Sioux, or Dakotas.

Santer <Xpage=1275>

San"ter (?) , v. i. See Saunter .

Santon <Xpage=1275>

San"ton (?) , n. [Sp. santon , augment fr. santo holy, L. sanctus .] A Turkish saint; a kind of dervish, regarded by the people as a saint: also, a hermit.

Santonate <Xpage=1275>

San"to*nate (?) , n. (Chem.) A salt of santonic acid.

Santonic <Xpage=1275>

San*ton"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid (distinct from santoninic acid) obtained from santonin as a white crystalline substance.

Santonin <Xpage=1275>

San"to*nin (?) , n. [L. herba santonica , a kind of plant, fr. Santoni a people of Aquitania; cf. Gr. <?/: cf. F. santonine .] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance having a bitter taste, extracted from the buds of levant wormseed and used as an anthelmintic. It occassions a peculiar temporary color blindness, causing objects to appear as if seen through a yellow glass.

Santoninate <Xpage=1275>

San"to*nin`ate (?) , n. (Chem.) A salt of santoninic acid.

Santoninic <Xpage=1275>

San`to*nin"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to santonin; -- used specifically to designate an acid not known in the free state, but obtained in its salts.

Sao <Xpage=1275>

Sa"o (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any marine annelid of the genus Hyalin\'91cia , especially H. tubicola of Europe, which inhabits a transparent movable tube resembling a quill in color and texture.

Sap <Xpage=1275>

Sap (?) , n. [AS. s\'91p ; akin to OHG. saf , G. saft , Icel. safi ; of uncertain origin; possibly akin to L. sapere to taste, to be wise, sapa must or new wine boiled thick. Cf. Sapid , Sapient .] 1. The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.

&hand; The ascending is the crude sap, the assimilation of which takes place in the leaves, when it becomes the elaborated sap suited to the growth of the plant.

2. The sapwood, or alburnum, of a tree.

3. A simpleton; a saphead; a milksop. [Slang]

Sap ball (Bot.) , any large fungus of the genus Polyporus. See Polyporus . -- Sap green , a dull light green pigment prepared from the juice of the ripe berries of the Rhamnus catharticus , or buckthorn. It is used especially by water-color artists. -- Sap rot , the dry rot. See under Dry . -- Sap sucker (Zo\'94l.) , any one of several species of small American woodpeckers of the genus Sphyrapicus , especially the yellow-bellied woodpecker ( S. varius ) of the Eastern United States. They are so named because they puncture the bark of trees and feed upon the sap. The name is loosely applied to other woodpeckers. -- Sap tube (Bot.) , a vessel that conveys sap.

Sap <Xpage=1275>

Sap , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Saped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Sapping .] [F. saper (cf. Sp. zapar , It. zapare ), fr. sape a sort of scythe, LL. sappa a sort of mattock.] 1. To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.

Nor safe their dwellings were, for sapped by floods, Their houses fell upon their household gods. Dryden.

2. (Mil.) To pierce with saps.

3. To make unstable or infirm; to unsettle; to weaken.

Ring out the grief that saps the mind. Tennyson.

Sap <Xpage=1275>

Sap (?) , v. i. To proceed by mining, or by secretly undermining; to execute saps.

W. P. Craighill.

Both assaults carried on by sapping . Tatler.

Sap <Xpage=1275>

Sap , n. (Mil.) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.

Sap fagot (Mil.) , a fascine about three feet long, used in sapping, to close the crevices between the gabions before the parapet is made. -- Sap roller (Mil.) , a large gabion, six or seven feet long, filled with fascines, which the sapper sometimes rolls along before him for protection from the fire of an enemy.

Sapadillo <Xpage=1275>

Sap`a*dil"lo (?) , n. See Sapodila .

Sapajo <Xpage=1275>

Sap"a*jo (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The sapajou.

Sapajou <Xpage=1275>

Sap"a*jou (?) , n. [F. sapajou , sajou , Braz. sajuassu .] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of South American monkeys of the genus Cebus , having long and prehensile tails. Some of the species are called also capuchins . The bonnet sapajou ( C. subcristatus ), the golden-handed sapajou ( C. chrysopus ), and the white-throated sapajou ( C. hypoleucus ) are well known species. See Capuchin .

Sapan wood <Xpage=1275>

Sa*pan" wood (?) . [Malay sapang .] (Bot.) A dyewood yielded by C\'91salpinia Sappan , a thorny leguminous tree of Southern Asia and the neighboring islands. It is the original Brazil wood. [Written also sappan wood .]

Sapful <Xpage=1275>

Sap"ful (?) , a. Abounding in sap; sappy.

Saphead <Xpage=1275>

Sap"head` (?) , n. A weak-minded, stupid fellow; a milksop. [Low]

Saphenous <Xpage=1275>

Sa*phe"nous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ manifest.] (Anat.) (a) Manifest; -- applied to the two principal superficial veins of the lower limb of man. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the saphenous veins; as, the saphenous nerves; the saphenous opening, an opening in the broad fascia of the thigh through which the internal saphenous vein passes .

Sapid <Xpage=1275>

Sap"id (?) , a. [L. sapidus , fr. sapere to taste: cf. F. sapide . See Sapient , Savor .] Having the power of affecting the organs of taste; possessing savor, or flavor.

Camels, to make the water sapid , do raise the mud with their feet. Sir T. Browne.

Sapidity <Xpage=1275>

Sa*pid"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. sapidit\'82 .] The quality or state of being sapid; taste; savor; savoriness.

Whether one kind of sapidity is more effective than another. M. S. Lamson.

Sapidness <Xpage=1275>

Sap"id*ness , n. Quality of being sapid; sapidity.

When the Israelites fancied the sapidness and relish of the fleshpots, they longed to taste and to return. Jer. Taylor.

Sapience <Xpage=1275>

Sa"pi*ence (?) , n. [L. sapientia : cf. F. sapience . See Sapient ..] The quality of being sapient; wisdom; sageness; knowledge.

Cowper.

Woman, if I might sit beside your feet, And glean your scattered sapience . Tennyson.

Sapient <Xpage=1275>

Sa"pi*ent (?) , a. [L. sapiens , -entis , p.pr. of sapere to taste to have sense, to know. See Sage , a. ] Wise; sage; discerning; -- often in irony or contempt.

Where the sapient king Held dalliance with his fair Egyptian spouse. Milton.

Syn. -- Sage; sagacious; knowing; wise; discerning.

Sapiential <Xpage=1275>

Sa`pi*en"tial (?) , a. [L. sapientialis .] Having or affording wisdom. -- Sa`pi*en"tial*ly , adv.

The sapiential books of the Old [Testament]. Jer. Taylor.

Sapientious <Xpage=1275>

Sa`pi*en"tious (?) , a. Sapiential. [Obs.]

Sapientize <Xpage=1275>

Sa"pi*ent*ize , v. t. To make sapient. [R.]

Coleridge.

Sapiently <Xpage=1275>

Sa"pi*ent*ly (?) , adv. In a sapient manner.

Sapindaceous <Xpage=1275>

Sap`in*da"ceous (?) , a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of trees and shrubs ( Sapindace\'91 ), including the (Typical) genus Sapindus, the maples, the margosa, and about seventy other genera.

Sapindus <Xpage=1275>

Sa*pin"dus (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. sapo soap + Indicus Indian.] (Bot.) A genus of tropical and subtropical trees with pinnate leaves and panicled flowers. The fruits of some species are used instead of soap, and their round black seeds are made into necklaces.

Sapless <Xpage=1275>

Sap"less (?) , a. 1. Destitute of sap; not juicy.

2. Fig.: Dry, old; husky; withered; spiritless. "A somewhat sapless womanhood."

Lowell.

Now sapless on the verge of death he stands. Dryden.

sapling <Xpage=1275>

sap"ling (?) , n. A young tree.

Shak.

Sapodilla <Xpage=1275>

Sap`o*dil"la (?) , n. [Sp. zapote , sapotillo , zapotillo , Mexican cochit-zapotl . Cf. Sapota .] (Bot.) A tall, evergeen, tropical American tree ( Achras Sapota ); also, its edible fruit, the sapodilla plum. [Written also sapadillo , sappadilo , sappodilla , and zapotilla .]

Sapodilla plum (Bot.) , the fruit of Achras Sapota . It is about the size of an ordinary quince, having a rough, brittle, dull brown rind, the flesh being of a dirty yellowish white color, very soft, and deliciously sweet. Called also naseberry . It is eatable only when it begins to be spotted, and is much used in desserts.

Sapogenin <Xpage=1275>

Sa*pog"e*nin (?) , n. [ Sapo nin + -gen + in .] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of saponin.

Saponaceous <Xpage=1275>

Sap`o*na"ceous (?) , a. [L. sapo , -onis , soap, of Teutonic origin, and akin to E. soap . See Soap .] Resembling soap; having the qualities of soap; soapy.

&hand; Saponaceous bodies are compounds of an acid and a base, and are in reality a kind of salt.

<page="1276"> Page 1276

Saponacity <Xpage=1276>

Sap`o*nac"i*ty (?) , n. The quality or state of being saponaceous.

Saponary <Xpage=1276>

Sap"o*na*ry (?) , a. Saponaceous.

Boyle.

Saponifiable <Xpage=1276>

Sa*pon*i*fi`a*ble (?) , a. Capable of conversion into soap; as, a saponifiable substance .

Saponification <Xpage=1276>

Sa*pon`i*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. saponification . See Saponify .] The act, process, or result, of soap making; conversion into soap; specifically (Chem.) , the decomposition of fats and other ethereal salts by alkalies; as, the saponification of ethyl acetate . <-- "ethereal salt" = ester -->

Saponifier <Xpage=1276>

Sa*pon"i*fi`er (?) , n. (Chem.) That which saponifies; any reagent used to cause saponification.

Saponify <Xpage=1276>

Sa*pon"i*fy (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Saponified (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Saponifying (?) .] [L. sapo , -onis , soap + -fy : cf. F. saponifier .] To convert into soap, as tallow or any fat; hence (Chem.) , to subject to any similar process, as that which ethereal salts undergo in decomposition; as, to saponify ethyl acetate .

Saponin <Xpage=1276>

Sap"o*nin (?) , n. [L. sapo , -onis soap: cf. F. saponine .] (Chem.) A poisonous glucoside found in many plants, as in the root of soapwort ( Saponaria ), in the bark of soap bark ( Quillaia ), etc. It is extracted as a white amorphus powder, which occasions a soapy lather in solution, and produces a local an\'91stesia. Formerly called also struthiin , quilaiin , senegin , polygalic acid , etc. By extension, any one of a group of related bodies of which saponin proper is the type.

Saponite <Xpage=1276>

Sap"o*nite (?) , n. [Sw. saponit , fr. L. sapo , -onis , soap.] (Min.) A hydrous silicate of magnesia and aluminia. It occurs in soft, soapy, amorphous masses, filling veins in serpentine and cavities in trap rock.

Saponul <Xpage=1276>

Sap"o*nul (?) , n. [F. saponule , fr. L. sapo , -onis , soap.] (Old Chem.) A soapy mixture obtained by treating an essential oil with an alkali; hence, any similar compound of an essential oil. [Written also saponule .] [Obs.]

Sapor <Xpage=1276>

Sa"por (?) , n. [L. See Savor .] Power of affecting the organs of taste; savor; flavor; taste.

There is some sapor in all aliments. Sir T. Browne.

Saporific <Xpage=1276>

Sap`o*rif"ic (?) , a. [L. sapor taste + facere to make.] Having the power to produce the sensation of taste; producing taste, flavor, or relish.

Saporosity <Xpage=1276>

Sap`o*ros"i*ty (?) , n. The quality of a body by which it excites the sensation of taste.

Saporous <Xpage=1276>

Sap"o*rous (?) , a. [L. saporius that relishes well, savory, fr. sapor taste.] Having flavor or taste; yielding a taste. [R.]

Bailey.

Sapota <Xpage=1276>

Sa*po"ta (?) , n. [NL., from Sp. sapote , zapote . See Sapodilla .] (Bot.) The sapodilla.

Sapotaceous <Xpage=1276>

Sap`o*ta"ceous (?) , a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order ( Sapotace\'91 ) of (mostly tropical) trees and shrubs, including the star apple, the Lucuma, or natural marmalade tree, the gutta-percha tree ( Isonandra ), and the India mahwa, as well as the sapodilla, or sapota, after which the order is named.

Sappan wood <Xpage=1276>

Sap*pan" wood" (?) . Sapan wood.

Sappare <Xpage=1276>

Sap"pare (?) , n. [F. sappare ; -- so called by Saussure.] (Min.) Kyanite. [Written also sappar .]

Sapper <Xpage=1276>

Sap"per (?) , n. [Cf. F. sapeur .] One who saps; specifically (Mil.) , one who is employed in working at saps, building and repairing fortifications, and the like.

Sapphic <Xpage=1276>

Sap"phic (?) , a. [L. Sapphicus , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Sappho.] 1. Of or pertaining to Sappho, the Grecian poetess; as, Sapphic odes; Sapphic verse .

2. (Pros.) Belonging to, or in the manner of, Sappho; -- said of a certain kind of verse reputed to have been invented by Sappho, consisting of five feet, of which the first, fourth, and fifth are trochees, the second is a spondee, and the third a dactyl .

Sapphic <Xpage=1276>

Sap"phic , n. (Pros.) A Sapphic verse.

Sapphire <Xpage=1276>

Sap"phire (? &or; ?; 277) , n. [OE. saphir , F. saphir , L. sapphirus , Gr. <?/, of Oriental origin; cf. Heb. sapp\'c6r .] 1. (Min.) Native alumina or aluminium sesquioxide, Al2O3 ; corundum; esp., the blue transparent variety of corundum, highly prized as a gem.

of rubies, sapphires , and of pearl\'82s white. Chaucer.

&hand; Sapphire occurs in hexagonal crystals and also in granular and massive forms. The name sapphire is usually restricted to the blue crystals, while the bright red crystals are called Oriental rubies (see under Ruby ), the amethystine variety Oriental amethyst (see under Amethyst ), and the dull massive varieties corundum (a name which is also used as a general term to include all varieties). See Corundum .

2. The color of the gem; bright blue.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Any humming bird of the genus Hylocharis , native of South America. The throat and breast are usually bright blue.

Star sapphire , &or; Asteriated sapphire (Min.) , a kind of sapphire which exhibits asterism.

Sapphire <Xpage=1276>

Sap"phire , a. Of or resembling sapphire; sapphire; blue. "The sapphire blaze."

Gray.

Sapphirine <Xpage=1276>

Sap"phir*ine (?) , n. Resembling sapphire; made of sapphire; having the color, or any quality of sapphire. " Sapphirine degree of hardness."

Boyle.

Sappho <Xpage=1276>

Sap"pho (?) , n. [See Sapphic .] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of brilliant South American humming birds of the genus Sappho , having very bright-colored and deeply forked tails; -- called also firetail .

Sappiness <Xpage=1276>

Sap"pi*ness (?) , n. The quality of being sappy; juiciness.

Sappodilla <Xpage=1276>

Sap`po*dil"la (?) , n. (Bot.) See Sapodilla .

Sappy <Xpage=1276>

Sap"py (?) , a. [ Compar. Sappier (?) ; superl. Sappiest .] [From 1st Sap .]

1. Abounding with sap; full of sap; juisy; succulent.

2. Hence, young, not firm; weak, feeble.

When he had passed this weak and sapy age. Hayward.

3. Weak in intellect. [Low]

4. (Bot.) Abounding in sap; resembling, or consisting lagerly of, sapwood.

Sappy <Xpage=1276>

Sap"py (?) , a. [Written also sapy .] [Cf. L. sapere to taste.] Musty; tainted. [Obs.]

Saprophagan <Xpage=1276>

Sa*proph"a*gan (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ rotten + <?/ to eat: cf. F. saprophage .] (Zo\'94l.) One of a tribe of beetles which feed upon dacaying animal and vegetable substances; a carrion beetle.

Saprophagous <Xpage=1276>

Sa*proph"a*gous (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Feeding on carrion.

Saprophyte <Xpage=1276>

Sap"ro*phyte (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ rotten + <?/ a plant.] (Bot.) Any plant growing on dacayed animal or vegetable matter, as most fungi and some flowering plants with no green color, as the Indian pipe.