The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
Chapter 1393
Sacred truths cleared from all rust and dross of human mixtures. Eikon Basilike.
&hand; Rust is used in the formation of compounds of obvious meaning; as, rust -colored, rust -consumed, rust -eaten, and the like.
Rust joint , a joint made between surfaces of iron by filling the space between them with a wet mixture of cast-iron borings, sal ammoniac, and sulphur, which by oxidation becomes hard, and impervious to steam, water, etc. -- Rust mite (Zo\'94l.) , a minute mite ( Phytopius oleivorus ) which, by puncturing the rind, causes the rust-colored patches on oranges.
Rust <Xpage=1263>
Rust , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Rusted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Rusting .] [AS. rustian .] 1. To contract rust; to be become oxidized.
If gold ruste , what shall iron do? Chaucer.
Our armors now may rust . Dryden.
2. To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust; also, to acquire a rusty appearance. as plants.
3. Fig.: To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or impaired by inaction.
Must I rust in Egypt? never more Appear in arms, and be the chief of Greece? Dryden.
Rust <Xpage=1263>
Rust , v. t. 1. To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to affect with rust of any kind.
Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. Shak.
2. Fig.: To impair by time and inactivity.
Johmson.
Rustful <Xpage=1263>
Rust"ful (?) , a. Full of rust; resembling rust; causing rust; rusty. " Rustful sloth."
Quarles.
Rustic <Xpage=1263>
Rus"tic (?) , a. [L. rusticus , fr. rus , ruris , the country: cf. F. rustique . See Rural .] 1. Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as, the rustic gods of antiquity .
Milton.
And many a holy text around she strews, That teach the rustic moralist to die. Gray.
She had a rustic , woodland air. Wordsworth.
2. Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as, rustic manners . "A rustic muse."
Spenser.
3. Coarse; plain; simple; as, a rustic entertainment; rustic dress .
4. Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected.
Pope.
Rustic moth (Zo\'94l.) , any moth belonging to Agrotis and allied genera. Their larv\'91 are called cutworms . See Cutworm . -- Rustic work . (a) (Arch.) Cut stone facing which has the joints worked with grooves or channels, the face of each block projecting beyond the joint, so that the joints are very conspicuous . (b) (Arch. & Woodwork) Summer houses, or furniture for summer houses, etc., made of rough limbs of trees fancifully arranged.
Syn. -- Rural; rude; unpolished; inelegant; untaught; artless; honest. See Rural .
Rustic <Xpage=1263>
Rus"tic , n. 1. An inhabitant of the country, especially one who is rude, coarse, or dull; a clown.
Hence to your fields, you rustics ! hence, away. Pope.
2. A rural person having a natural simplicity of character or manners; an artless, unaffected person. [Poetic]
Rustical <Xpage=1263>
Rus`tic*al (?) , a. Rustic. " Rustical society."
Thackeray.
-- Rus"tic*al*ly , adv. -- Rus"tic*al*ness , n.
Rusticate <Xpage=1263>
Rus"ti*cate (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Rusticated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Rusticating .] [L. rusticaticus , p. p. of rusticari to rusticate. See Rustic .] To go into or reside in the country; to ruralize.
Pope.
Rusticate <Xpage=1263>
Rus"ti*cate , v. t. To require or compel to reside in the country; to banish or send away temporarily; to impose rustication on.
The town is again beginning to be full, and the rusticated beauty sees an end of her banishment. Idler.
Rusticated <Xpage=1263>
Rus"ti*ca`ted (?) , a. (Arch.) resembling rustic work. See Rustic work (a) , under Rustic .
Rustication <Xpage=1263>
Rus`ti*ca"tion (?) , n. [L. rusticatio .] 1. The act of rusticating, or the state of being rusticated; specifically, the punishment of a student for some offence, by compelling him to leave the institution for a time.
2. (Arch.) Rustic work.
Rusticty <Xpage=1263>
Rus*tic"*ty (?) , n. [L. rusticatus : cf. F. rusticit\'82 .] The quality or state of being rustic; rustic manners; rudeness; simplicity; artlessness.
The sweetness and rusticity of a pastoral can not be so well expressed in any other tongue as in the Greek, when rightly mixed and qualified with the Doric dialect. Addison.
The Saxons were refined from their rusticity . Sir W. Scott.
Rusticly <Xpage=1263>
Rus"tic*ly (?) , adv. In a rustic manner; rustically.
Chapman.
Rustily <Xpage=1263>
Rust"i*ly (?) , adv. In a rusty state.
Rustiness <Xpage=1263>
Rust"i*ness , n. The quality or state of being rusty.
Rustle <Xpage=1263>
Rus"tle (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Rustled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Rustling (?) .] [AS. hristlan to rustle; or cf. Sw. rusta to stir, make a riot, or E. rush , v.] 1. To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the rubbing or moving of silk cloth or dry leaves.
He is coming; I hear his straw rustle . Shak.
Prouder than rustling in unpaid-for silk. Shak.
2. To stir about energetically; to strive to succeed; to bustle about. [Slang, Western U.S.]
<-- To steal, esp. cattle -->
Rustle <Xpage=1263>
Rus"tle , v. t. To cause to rustle; as, the wind rustles the leaves .
Rustle <Xpage=1263>
Rus"tle , n. A quick succession or confusion of small sounds, like those made by shaking leaves or straw, by rubbing silk, or the like; a rustling.
When the noise of a torrent, the rustle of a wood, the song of birds, or the play of lambs, had power to fill the attention, and suspend all perception of the course of time. Idler.
Rustler <Xpage=1263>
Rus"tler (?) , n. 1. One who, or that which, rustles. <-- esp. cattle rustler -->
2. A bovine animal that can care for itself in any circumstances; also, an alert, energetic, driving person. [Slang, Western U.S.]
Rustless <Xpage=1263>
Rust"less (?) , a. Free from rust.
Rusty <Xpage=1263>
Rust"y (?) , a. [AS. rustig .] [ Compar. Rustier (<?/) ; superl. Rustiest. ] 1. Covered or affected with rust; as, a rusty knife or sword; rusty wheat .
2. Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect. <-- less skillful than when in continued practise -->
[Hector,] in this dull and long-continued truce, Is rusty grown. Shak.
3. Discolored and rancid; reasty; as, rusty bacon .
4. Surly; morose; crusty; sullen. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] " Rusty words."
Piers Plowman.
5. Rust-colored; dark. " Rusty blood."
Spenser.
6. Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept; filthy.
The rustly little schooners that bring fire wood from the Brititsh provinces. Hawthorne.
7. (Bot.) Resembling, or covered with a substance resembling, rust; affected with rust; rubiginous.
Rut <Xpage=1263>
Rut (?) , n. [F. rut , OF. ruit , L. ruditus a roaring, fr. rugire to roar; -sp called from the noise made by deer in rutting time.] 1. (Physiol.) Sexual desire or \'d2strus of deer, cattle, and various other mammals; heat; also, the period during which the \'d2strus exists.
2. Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See Rote .
Rut <Xpage=1263>
Rut , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Rutted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Rutting .] To have a strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, cattle, etc.
Rut <Xpage=1263>
Rut , v. t. To cover in copulation.
Dryden.
Rut <Xpage=1263>
Rut , n. [variant of route .] A track worn by a wheel or by habitual passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs. Also used figuratively.
<-- (Fig.) Habitual, unvarying activity -- usually used in the phrase in a rut . -->
Rut <Xpage=1263>
Rut , v. t. To make a rut or ruts in; -- chiefly used as a past participle or a participial adj; as, a rutted road .
Ruta-baga <Xpage=1263>
Ru`ta-ba"ga (?) , n. (Bot.) A kind of turnip commonly with a large and long or ovoid yellowish root; a Swedish turnip. See Turnip .
Rutaceous <Xpage=1263>
Ru*ta"ceous (?) , a. [L. rutaceous , from ruta rue. See Rue the plant.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to plants of a natural order ( Rutac\'91 ) of which the rue is the type, and which includes also the orange, lemon, dittany, and buchu.
Rutate <Xpage=1263>
Ru"tate (?) , n. (Chem.) A salt of rutic acid.
Ruth <Xpage=1263>
Ruth (?) , n. [From Rue , v. : cf. Icel. hrygg&edh; , hryg&edh; .] 1. Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [Poetic] "They weep for ruth ." Chaucer. "Have ruth of the poor." Piers Plowman.
To stir up gentle ruth , Both for her noble blood, and for her tender youth. Spenser.
2. That which causes pity or compassion; misery; distress; a pitiful. [Obs.]
It had been hard this ruth for to see. Chaucer.
With wretched miseries and woeful ruth . Spenser.
Ruthenic <Xpage=1263>
Ru*then"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with ruthenious compounds.
Ruthenious <Xpage=1263>
Ru*the"ni*ous (?) , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; designating those compounds in which it has a lower valence as contrasted with ruthenic compounds.
Ruthenium <Xpage=1263>
Ru*the"ni*um (?) , n. [NL. So named from the Ruthenians , a Little Russian people, as coming from Russia, the metal having been found in the Ural mountains.] (Chem.) A rare element of the light platinum group, found associated with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, brittle steel-gray metal which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic weight 103.5. Specific gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals , under Platinum .
Ruthful <Xpage=1263>
Ruth"ful (?) , a. Full of ruth ; as: (a) Pitiful; tender . (b) Full of sorrow; woeful . (c) Causing sorrow.
Shak.
-- Ruth"ful*ly , adv.
Ruthless <Xpage=1263>
Ruth"less , a. Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless.
Their rage the hostile bands restrain, All but the ruthless monarch of the main. Pope.
-- Ruth"less*ly , adv. -- Ruth"less*ness , n.
Rutic <Xpage=1263>
Ru"tic (?) , a. [Cf. Rutaceous .] (Chem.) pertaining to, or obtained from, rue ( Ruta ); as, rutic acid, now commonly called capric acid .
Rutilant <Xpage=1263>
Ru"ti*lant (<?/) , a. [L. rutilans , p. pr. of rutilare to have a reddish glow, fr. rutilus red: cf. F. rutilant .] Having a reddish glow; shining.
Parchments . . . colored with this rutilant mixture. Evelin.
Rutilate <Xpage=1263>
Ru"ti*late (?) , v. i. [L. rutilare , rutilatum .] To shine; to emit rays of light. [Obs.]
Ure.
Rutile <Xpage=1263>
Ru"tile (?) , n. [L. rutilus red, inclining to golden yellow.] (Min.) A mineral usually of a reddish brown color, and brilliant metallic adamantine luster, occurring in tetragonal crystals. In composition it is titanium dioxide, like octahedrite and brooklite.
Rutilian <Xpage=1263>
Ru*til"i*an (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of lamellicorn beetles belonging to Rurila and allied genera, as the spotted grapevine beetle ( Pelidnota punctata ).
Rutin <Xpage=1263>
Ru"tin (?) , n. (Chem.) A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, quercitrin. Rutin is found in the leaves of the rue ( Ruta graveolens ) and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline substance which yields quercitin on decomposition.
<-- Rutinose. <Xpage=1263>
Rutinose. A disaccharide present in glycosides . Prepared from rutin by hydrolysis with rhamnodiastase. 6-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-D-glucose ; C12H22O10 . -->
Rutter <Xpage=1263>
Rut"ter (?) , n. [D. ruiter a rider. Cf. Ruttier .] A horseman or trooper. [Obs.]
Such a regiment of rutters Never defied men braver. Beau. & Fl.
Rutter <Xpage=1263>
Rut"ter , n. [From Rut .] That which ruts.
Rutterkin <Xpage=1263>
Rut"ter*kin (?) , n. An old crafty fox or beguiler -- a word of contempt. [Obs.]
Cotgrave.
Ruttier <Xpage=1263>
Rut"ti*er (?) , n. [F. routier , fr. route a road. See Route .] A chart of a course, esp. at sea. [Obs.]
Ruttish <Xpage=1263>
Rut"tish (?) , a. Inclined to rut; lustful; libidinous; salacious.
Shak.
-- Rut"tish*ness , n.
Ruttle <Xpage=1263>
Rut"tle , n. A rattling sound in the throat arising from difficulty of breathing; a rattle. [Obs.]
Rutty <Xpage=1263>
Rut"ty (?) , a. Ruttish; lustful.
Rutty <Xpage=1263>
Rut"ty , a. Full of ruts; as a rutty road .
Rutty <Xpage=1263>
Rut"ty , a. [See Root .] Rooty. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Rutylene <Xpage=1263>
Ru"ty*lene (?) , n. (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H18 , of the acetylene series. It is produced artificially.
Ryal <Xpage=1263>
Ry"al (? ∨ ?) , a. Royal. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Ryal <Xpage=1263>
Ry"al (?) , n. See Rial , and old English coin.
Ryder <Xpage=1263>
Ry"der (?) , n. 1. A clause added to a document; a rider. See Rider . [Obs.]
2. [D. rijder , properly, a rider.] A gold coin of Zealand [Netherlands] equal to 14 florins, about $ 5.60.
Rye <Xpage=1263>
Rye (?) , n. [OE. rie , reie , AS. ryge ; akin to Icel. rugr , Sw. r\'86g , Dan. rug , D. rogge , OHG. rocco , roggo , G. rocken , roggen , Lith. rugei , Russ. roje , and perh. To Gr. 'o`ryza rice. Cf. Rice .] 1. (Bot.) A grain yielded by a hardy cereal grass ( Secale cereale ), closely allied to wheat; also, the plant itself. Rye constitutes a large portion of the breadstuff used by man.
2. A disease in a hawk.
Ainsworth.
Rye grass , Italian rye grass , (Bot.) See under Grass . See also Ray grass , and Darnel . -- Wild rye (Bot.) , any plant of the genus Elymus , tall grasses with much the appearance of rye.
Rynd <Xpage=1263>
Rynd (? ∨ ?) , n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A piece of iron crossing the hole in the upper millstone by which the stone is supported on the spindle.
Ryot <Xpage=1263>
Ry"ot (?) , n. [Ar. & Hind. ra'iyat , the same word as ra'iyah , a subject, tenant, peasant. See Rayah .] A peasant or cultivator of the soil. [India]
The Indian ryot and the Egyptian fellah work for less pay than any other laborers in the world. The Nation.
Rypophagous <Xpage=1263>
Ry*poph"a*gous (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ filth + <?/ to eat.] (Zo\'94l.) Eating, or subsisting on, filth.
Rys <Xpage=1263>
Rys (? ∨ ?) , n. A branch. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rysh <Xpage=1263>
Rysh (?) , n. Rush, a plant. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rysimeter <Xpage=1263>
Ry*sim"e*ter (?) , n. See Rhysimeter .
Ryth <Xpage=1263>
Ryth (?) , n. [Cf. AS. ri<?/ brook.] A ford. [Obs.]
Rytina <Xpage=1263>
Ryt"i*na (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a wrinkle.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee, including but one species ( R. Stelleri ); -- called also Steller's sea cow . [Written also Rhytina .]
\'b5 It is now extinct, but was formerly abundant at Behring's Island, near Behring's Straits. It was twenty-five feet or more in length, with a thick, blackish, naked skin. The last were killed in 1768 for their oil and flesh. <-- another man-made extinction -->
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S.
S <Xpage=1264>
S (?) , the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonanat, and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal sounds; one a more hissing, as in sack , this ; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z ), as in is , wise . Besides these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh , as in sure , measure . It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle , d\'82bris . With the letter h it forms the digraph sh . See Guide to pronunciation , \'c5\'c5 255-261.
Both the form and the name of the letter S are derived from the Latin, which got the letter through the Greek from the Ph\'91nician. the ultimate origin is Egyptian. S is etymologically most nearly related to c , z , t , and r ; as, in i c e, OE. i s ; E. hen c e, OE. henne s ; E. ra s e, ra z e; era s e, ra z or; that, G. da s ; E. rea s on, F. rai s on, L. ra t io; E. wa s , were; chai r , chai s e (see C, Z, T, and R.).
-s <Xpage=1264>
-s . 1. [OE. es , AS. as .] The suffix used to form the plural of most words; as in road s , elf s , side s , account s .
2. [OE. -s , for older -th , AS. -\'eb .] The suffix used to form the third person singular indicative of English verbs; as in the fall s , tell s , send s .
3. An adverbial suffix; as in toward s , need s , alway s , -- originally the genitive, possesive, ending. See -'s .
-'s <Xpage=1264>
-'s [OE. -es , AS. -es .] The suffix used to form the possessive singular of nouns; as, boy' s ; man' s .
's <Xpage=1264>
's . A contraction for is or (colloquially) for has . "My heart' s subdued."