Chapter 1392

Runt"y (?) , a. Like a runt; diminutive; mean.

Runway <Xpage=1262>

Run"way` (?) , n. 1. The channel of a stream.

2. The beaten path made, by deer or other animals in passing to and from their feeding grounds.

Rupee <Xpage=1262>

Ru*pee" (?) , n. [Hind. r<?/piyah , fr. Skr. r<?/py silver, coined silver or gold, handsome.] A silver coin, and money of account, in the East Indies.

&hand; The valuation of the rupee of sixteen annas, the standard coin of India, by the United States Treasury departament, varies from time to time with the price silver. In 1889 it was rated at about thirty-two cents.

Rupellary <Xpage=1262>

Ru"pel*la*ry (?) , n. [From L. rupes a rock.] Rocky. [Obs.] "This rupellary nidary."

Evelyn.

Rupert's drop <Xpage=1262>

Ru"pert's drop` (?) . A kind of glass drop with a long tail, made by dropping melted glass into water. It is remarkable for bursting into fragments when the surface is scratched or the tail broken; -- so called from Prince Rupert , nephew of Charles I., by whom they were first brought to England. Called also Rupert's ball , and glass tear .

Rupia <Xpage=1262>

Ru"pi*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. G. <?/ filth, dirt.] (Med.) An eruption upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with inflamed base and filled with serous, purulent, or bloody fluid, which dries up, forming a blackish crust.

Rupial <Xpage=1262>

Ru"pi*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to rupia.

Rupicola <Xpage=1262>

Ru*pic"o*la (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. rupes , gen. rupis , a rock + colere to inhabit.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of beautiful South American passerine birds, including the cock of the rock.

&hand; The species are remarkable for having an elevated fan-shaped crest of feathers on the head, and for the beautiful color of their plumage, which is mostly some delicate shade of yellow or orange.

Rupicoline <Xpage=1262>

Ru*pic"o*line (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Rock-inhabiting.

Ruption <Xpage=1262>

Rup"tion (?) , n. [L. ruptio , fr. rumpere , ruptum to break.] A breaking or bursting open; breach; rupture. "By ruption or apertion."

Wiseman.

Ruptuary <Xpage=1262>

Rup"tu*a*ry (?; 135) , n. [Cf. Roturier .] One not of noble blood; a plebeian; a roturier. [R.]

The exclusion of the French ruptuaries ("roturiers," for history must find a word for this class when it speaks of other nations) from the order of nobility. Chenevix.

Rupture <Xpage=1262>

Rup"ture (?; 135) , n. [L. ruptura , fr. rumpere , ruptum to break: cf. F. rupture . See Reave , and cf. Rout a defeat.] 1. The act of breaking apart, or separating; the state of being asunder; as, the rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or fiber; the rupture of a lutestring .

Arbuthnot.

Hatch from the egg, that soon, Bursting with kindly rupture , forth disclosed Their callow young. Milton.

2. Breach of peace or concord between individuals; open hostility or war between nations; interruption of friendly relations; as, the parties came to a rupture .

He knew that policy would desincline Napoleon from a rupture with his family. E. Everett.

3. (Med.) Hernia. See Hernia .

4. A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less sudden manner than by explosion. See Explosion .

Modulus of rupture . (Engin.) See under Modulus .

Syn. -- Fracture; breach; break; burst; disruption; dissolution. See Fracture .

Rupture <Xpage=1262>

Rup"ture , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruptured (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Rupturing .] 1. To part by violence; to break; to burst; as, to rupture a blood vessel .

2. To produce a hernia in.

Rupture <Xpage=1262>

Rup"ture , v. i. To suffer a breach or disruption.

Ruptured <Xpage=1262>

Rup"tured (?; 135) , a. (Med.) Having a rupture, or hernia.

Rupturewort <Xpage=1262>

Rup"ture*wort" (?; 135) , n. (Bot.) (a) Same as Burstwort . (b) A West Indian plant ( Alternanthera polygonoides ) somewhat resembling burstwort.

Rural <Xpage=1262>

Ru"ral (?) , a. [F., fr. L. ruralis , fr. rus , ruris , the country. Cf. Room space, Rustic .] 1. Of or pertaining to the country, as distinguished from a city or town; living in the country; suitable for, or resembling, the country; rustic; as, rural scenes; a rural prospect .

Here is a rural fellow; . . . He brings you figs. Shak.

2. Of or pertaining to agriculture; as, rural economy .

Rural dean . (Eccl.) See under Dean . -- Rural deanery (Eccl.) , the state, office, or residence, of a rural dean.

Syn. -- Rustic. -- Rural , Rustic . Rural refers to the country itself; as, rural scenes, prospects, delights, etc. Rustic refers to the character, condition, taste, etc., of the original inhabitans of the country, who were generally uncultivated and rude; as, rustic manners; a rustic dress; a rustic bridge; rustic architecture, etc.

We turn To where the silver Thames first rural grows. Thomson.

Lay bashfulness, that rustic virtue, by; To manly confidence thy throughts apply. Dryden.

Rurales <Xpage=1262>

Ru"ra"les (?) , n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) The gossamer-winged butterflies; a family of small butterflies, including the hairstreaks, violets, and theclas.

Ruralism <Xpage=1262>

Ru"ral*ism (?) , n. 1. The quality or state of being rural; ruralness.

2. A rural idiom or expression.

Ruralist <Xpage=1262>

Ru"ral*ist , n. One who leads a rural life.

Coventry.

Rurality <Xpage=1262>

Ru*ral"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. - ties (#) . [Cf. LL. ruralitas .] 1. The quality or state of being rural.

2. A rural place. "Leafy ruralities ."

Carlyle.

Ruralize <Xpage=1262>

Ru"ral*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruralized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruralizing (?) .] To render rural; to give a rural appearance to.

Ruralize <Xpage=1262>

Ru"ral*ize , v. i. To become rural; to go into the country; to rusticate.

Rurally <Xpage=1262>

Ru"ral*ly , adv. In a rural manner; as in the country.

Ruralness <Xpage=1262>

Ru"ral*ness , n. The quality or state of being rural.

Ruricolist <Xpage=1262>

Ru*ric"o*list (?) , n. [L. ruricola ; rus , ruris , the country + colere to inhabit.] An inhabitant of the country. [R.]

Bailey.

Ruridecanal <Xpage=1262>

Ru`ri*dec"a*nal (?) , a. [L. rus , ruris the country + decanus the chief of ten. See Dean .] Of or pertaining to a rural dean; as, a ruridecanal district; the ruridecanal intellect . [R.]

Rurigenous <Xpage=1262>

Ru*rig"e*nous (?) , a. [L. rurigena ; rus , ruris , the country + genere , gignere , to bring forth, pass., to be born.] Born in the country. [Obs.]

Ruse <Xpage=1262>

Ruse (?) , n. [F., fr. OF. re\'81ser , rehuser , to turn aside, to shuffle, retreat, fr. L. recusare to refuse; pref. re- again + causa cause. See Cause , and cf. Recusant .] An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraund; deceit.

Ruse de guerre (<?/) [F.] , a stratagem of war.

Rush <Xpage=1262>

Rush (?) , n. [OE. rusche , rische , resche , AS. risce , akin to LG. rusk , risch , D. & G. rusch ; all probably fr. L. ruscum butcher's broom; akin to Goth. raus reed, G. rohr .] 1. (Bot.) A name given to many aquatic or marsh-growing endogenous plants with soft, slender stems, as the species of Juncus and Scirpus .

&hand; Some species are used in bottoming chairs and plaiting mats, and the pith is used in some places for wicks to lamps and rushlights.

2. The merest trifle; a straw.

John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush . Arbuthnot.

Bog rush . See under Bog . -- Club rush , any rush of the genus Scirpus . -- Flowering rush . See under Flowering . -- Nut rush (a) Any plant of the genus Scleria , rushlike plants with hard nutlike fruits . (b) A name for several species of Cyperus having tuberous roots. -- Rush broom , an Australian leguminous plant ( Viminaria denudata ), having long, slender branches. Also, the Spanish broom. See under Candle . -- Rush grass , any grass of the genus Vilfa , grasses with wiry stems and one-flowered spikelets. -- Rush toad (Zo\'94l.) , the natterjack. -- Scouring rush (Bot.) Same as Dutch rush , under Dutch. -- Spike rush , any rushlike plant of the genus Eleocharis , in which the flowers grow in dense spikes. -- Sweet rush , a sweet-scented grass of Arabia, etc. ( Andropogon sch\'d2nanthus ), used in Oriental medical practice. -- Wood rush , any plant of the genus Luzula , which differs in some technical characters from Juncus .

Rush <Xpage=1262>

Rush (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Rushed (<?/) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Rushing .] [OE. ruschen ; cf. AS. hryscan to make a noise, D. ruischen to rustle, G. rauschen , MHG. r<?/schen ro rush, to rustle, LG. rusken , OSw. ruska , Icel. & Sw. ruska to shake, Dan. ruske to shake, and E. rouse .] 1. To move forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous rapidity or haste; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice .

Like to an entered tide, they all rush by. Shak.

2. To enter into something with undue haste and eagerness, or without due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush business or speculation .

They . . . never think it to be a part of religion to rush into the office of princes and ministers. Sprat.

Rush <Xpage=1262>

Rush , v. t. 1. To push or urge forward with impetuosity or violence; to hurry forward.

2. To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an error. [College Cant, U.S.]

Rush <Xpage=1262>

Rush , n. 1. A moving forward with rapidity and force or eagerness; a violent motion or course; as, a rush of troops; a rush of winds; a rush of water .

A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and, with a violent rush , severed him from the duke. Sir H. Wotton.

2. Great activity with pressure; as, a rush of business . [Colloq.]

3. A perfect recitation. [College Cant, U.S.]

4. (Football) (a) A rusher; as, the center rush , whose place is in the center of the rush line; the end rush . <-- now, lineman. --> (b) The act of running with the ball. <-- rushing. -->

Bunt rush (Football) , a combined rush by main strength. -- Rush line (Football) , the line composed of rushers.

Rush-bearing <Xpage=1262>

Rush"-bear`ing (?) , n. A kind of rural festival at the dedication of a church, when the parishioners brought rushes to strew the church. [Eng.]

Nares.

Rushbuckler <Xpage=1262>

Rush"buc`kler (?) , n. A bullying and violent person; a braggart; a swashbuckler. [Obs.]

That flock of stout, bragging rushbucklers . Robynson (More's Utopia).

Rushed <Xpage=1262>

Rushed (?) , a. Abounding or covered with rushes.

Rusher <Xpage=1262>

Rush"er (?) , n. One who rushes.

Whitlock.

Rusher <Xpage=1262>

Rush"er , n. One who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. [Obs.]

B. Jonson.

Rushiness <Xpage=1262>

Rush"i*ness (?) , n. [From Rushy .] The quality or state of abounding with rushes.

Rushingly <Xpage=1262>

Rush"ing*ly , adv. In a rushing manner.

Rushlight <Xpage=1262>

Rush"light` (?) , n. A rush candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble light.

Rushlike <Xpage=1262>

Rush"like` (?) , a. Resembling a rush; weak.

Rushy <Xpage=1262>

Rush"y (?) , a. 1. Abounding with rushes.

2. Made of rushes.

Me rushy couch and frugal fare. Goldsmith.

Rusine <Xpage=1262>

Ru"sine (?) , a. [NL. rusa , the name of the genus, Malay r&umac;sa deer.] (Zo\'94l.) Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rusa , which includes the sambur deer ( Rusa Aristotelis ) of India.

Rusine antler (Zo\'94l.) , an antler with the brow tyne simple, and the beam forked at the tip.

Rusk <Xpage=1262>

Rusk (?) , n. [Sp. rosca de mar sea rusks, a kind of biscuit, rosca properly meaning, a screw, spiral.] 1. A kind of light, soft bread made with yeast and eggs, often toasted or crisped in an oven; or a kind of sweetened biscuit.

2. A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores

Smart.

3. Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and afterwards grated, or pulverized in a mortar.

Rusma <Xpage=1262>

Rus"ma (?) , n. [Corrupt. from Turk. khyryzma a paste used as a depilatory, fr. Gr. <?/ an unguent; cf. F. rusma .] A depilatory made of orpiment and quicklime, and used by the Turks. See Rhusma .

Russ <Xpage=1262>

Russ (?) , n. sing. & pl. 1. A Russian, or the Russians. [Rare, except in poetry.]

2. The language of the Russians.

Russ <Xpage=1262>

Russ , a. Of or pertaining to the Russians.

Russet <Xpage=1262>

Rus"set (?) , a. [F. rousset , dim. of roux red, L. russus (for rudtus , rudhtus ), akin to E. red . See Red , and cf. Roussette .] 1. Of a reddish brown color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions, namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of a yellowish brown color.

The morn, in russet mantle clad. Shak.

Our summer such a russet livery wears. Dryden.

2. Coarse; homespun; rustic. [R.]

Shak.

Russet <Xpage=1262>

Rus"set , n. 1. A russet color; a pigment of a russet color.

2. Cloth or clothing of a russet color.

3. A country dress; -- so called because often of a russet color.

Dryden.

4. An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as, the English russet , and the Roxbury russet .

Russeting <Xpage=1262>

Rus"set*ing , n. See Russet , n. , 2 and 4.

Russety <Xpage=1262>

Rus"set*y (?) , a. Of a russet color; russet.

<page="1263"> Page 1263

Russia <Xpage=1263>

Rus"sia (?) , n. A country of Europe and Asia.

Russia iron , a kind of sheet iron made in Russia, having a lustrous blue-black surface. -- Russia leather , a soft kind of leather, made originally in Russia but now elsewhere, having a peculiar odor from being impregnated with an oil obtained from birch bark. It is much used in bookbinding, on account of its not being subject to mold, and being proof against insects. -- Russia matting , matting manufactured in Russia from the inner bark of the linden ( Tilia Europ\'91a ).

Russian <Xpage=1263>

Rus"sian (? &or; ?; 277) , a. Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, or language. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of Russia.

Russian bath . See under Bath . <-- Russian roulette -- an act of bravado played by loading one bullet into one chamber of a revolver in which the cylinder has five or six positions, spinning the cylinder (thus moving the bullet randomly to one of the six positions of the cylinder), pointing the gun to one's head, and pulling the trigger. If the bullet is in firing position, the "player" is usually killed. Such a "game" may be played on a dare, or, in some places, as part of a gamble. 2. (Fig.) Any dangerous act resembling Russian roulette in the acceptance of a high risk of serious negative consequences, usually unnecessarily. -->

Russianize <Xpage=1263>

Rus"sian*ize (?) , v. t. To make Russian, or more or less like the Russians; as, to Russianize the Poles .

Russification <Xpage=1263>

Rus"si*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [ Russia + L. -ficare (im comp.) to make. See -fy .] The act or process of being Russified.

Russify <Xpage=1263>

Rus"si*fy (?) , v. t. [Cf. F. russifier. See -fy .] To Russianize; as, to Russify conquered tribes .

<-- Russky Pl. Russkies, a Russian [Colloq.] -->

Russophile, Russophilist <Xpage=1263>

Rus"so*phile (?) , Rus"soph"i*list (?) , n. [ Russia + Gr. <?/ to love: cf. F. russophile .] One who, not being a Russian, favors Russian policy and aggrandizement. -- Rus*soph"ilism (#) , n. [Chiefly newspaper words.]

Russophobe, Russophobist <Xpage=1263>

Rus"so*phobe (?) , Rus*soph"o*bist (?) , [ Russia + Gr. <?/ to fear.] One who dreads Russia or Russian influence. [Words sometimes found in the newspapers.]

Russophobia <Xpage=1263>

Rus`so*pho"bi*a (?) , n. Morbid dread of Russia or of Russian influence.

Rust <Xpage=1263>

Rust (?) , n. [AS. rust ; akin to D. roest , G. & Sw. rost , Icel. ry\'eb ; -- named from its color, and akin to E. red . \'fb113. See Red .] 1. (Chem.) The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any metallic film of corrosion.

2. (Bot.) A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty spots on the leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses ( Trichobasis Rubigo-vera ), now usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew ( Puccinia graminis ). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores; as corn mildew, the spores are double and blackish.

&hand; Rust is also applied to many other minute fungi which infest vegetation, such as the species of Ustilago , Uredo , and Lecythea .

3. That which resembles rust in appearance or effects. Specifically: (a) A composition used in making a rust joint . See Rust joint , below. (b) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as, rust on salted meat . (c) Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence.