Chapter 1389

Ru"gine , v. t. [F. ruginer to scrape.] To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to scale. [R.]

Wiseman.

Rugosa <Xpage=1259>

Ru*go"sa (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Rugose .] (Paleon.) An extinct tribe of fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them of large size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic formations. The radiating septs, when present, are usually in multiples of four. See Cyathophylloid .

Rugose <Xpage=1259>

Ru*gose" (?) , a. [L. rugosus , r. ruga a wrinkle.] Wrinkled; full of wrinkles; specifically (Bot.) , having the veinlets sunken and the spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of the sage and horehound.

Rugosity <Xpage=1259>

Ru*gos"i*ty (?) , n. [l. rugositas : cf. F. rugosit\'82 .] The quality or state of being rugose.

Rugous <Xpage=1259>

Ru"gous (?) , a. [Cf. F. rugueux .] Wrinkled; rugose.

Rugulose <Xpage=1259>

Ru`gu*lose" (?) , a. Somewhat rugose.

Ruhmkorff's coil <Xpage=1259>

Ruhm"korff's coil` (?) . [So called from its inventor, Ruhmkorff , a german physicist.] (Elec.) See Induction coil , under Induction .

Ruin <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in (?) , n. [OE. ruine , F. ruine , fr. L. ruina , fr. ruere, rutum, to fall with violence, to rush or tumble down.] 1. The act of falling or tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] "His ruin startled the other steeds."

Chapman.

2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin of health or hopes . " Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!"

Gray.

3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; as, his mind is a ruin ; especially, in the plural, the remains of a destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like.

The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one promiscuous ruin cover all; Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The place where once the very ruins lay. Addison.

The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins of an old and vicious character. Buckminster.

4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; as, to be in ruins ; to go to ruin .

5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction.

The errors of young men are the ruin of business. Bacon.

Syn. -- Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow; subversion; defeat; bane; pest; mischief.

Ruin <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruined (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruining .] [Cf. F. ruiner , LL. ruinare . See Ruin , n. ] To bring to ruin; to cause to fall to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage essentially; to overthrow.

this mortal house I'll ruin . Shak.

By thee raised, I ruin all my foes. Milton.

The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us. Franklin.

By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling ruined cities in the ashes. Longfellow.

Ruin <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in , v. i. To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or dilapidated; to perish. [R.]

Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall it ruin like the moth's frail cell. Sandys.

If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we shall ruin the faster. Locke.

Ruinable <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in*a*ble (?) , a. Capable of being ruined.

Ruinate <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in*ate (?) , v. t. [LL. ruinatus , p.p. of ruinare to ruin. See Ruin .] 1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to ruin.

I will not ruinate my f<?/ther's house. Shak.

Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies. Burton.

2. To cause to fall; to cast down.

On the other side they saw that perilous rock Threatening itself on them to ruinate . Spenser.

Ruinate <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in*ate , v. i. To fall; to tumble. [Obs.]

Ruinate <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in*ate (?) , a. [L. ruinatus , p.p.] Involved in ruin; ruined.

My brother Edward lives in pomp and state, I in a mansion here all ruinate . J. Webster.

Ruination <Xpage=1259>

Ru`in*a"tion (?) , n. [LL. ruinatio .] The act of ruining, or the state of being ruined.

Ruiner <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in*er (?) , n. One who, or that which, ruins.

Ruiniform <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in*i*form (?) , a. [ Ruin + -form : cf. F. ruiniforme .] Having the appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; -- said of certain minerals.

Ruinous <Xpage=1259>

Ru"in*ous (?) , a. [L. ruinosus : cf. F. ruineux . See Ruin .] 1. Causing, or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a ruinous project .

After a night of storm so ruinous . Milton.

2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an edifice, bridge, or wall in a ruinous state .

3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins.

Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a ruinous heap. Isa. xvii. 1.

Syn. -- Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious; destructive; baneful; wasteful; mischievous.

-- Ru"in*ous*ly (#) , adv. -- Ru"in*ous*ness , n.

Rukh <Xpage=1259>

Rukh (?) , n. [Srr Roc .] 1. The roc.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A large bird, supposed by some to be the same as the extinct Epiornis of Madagascar. [Obs.]

Rulble <Xpage=1259>

Rul"*ble (?) , a. That may be ruled; subject to rule; accordant or conformable to rule.

Bacon.

Rule <Xpage=1259>

Rule (?) , n. [OE. reule , riule , OF. riule , reule , F. r\'82gle , fr. L. regula a ruler, rule, model, fr. regere , rectum , to lead straight, to direct. See Right , a. , and cf. Regular .] 1. That which is prescribed or laid down as a guide for conduct or action; a governing direction for a specific purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various societies; the rules governing a school; a rule of etiquette or propriety; the rules of cricket .

We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most exact rules for the government of our lives. Tillotson.

2. Hence: (a) Uniform or established course of things.

'T is against the rule of nature. Shak.

(b) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise at six o'clock . (c) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or condition of things; as, it is a rule to which there are many exeptions . (d) Conduct in general; behavior . [Obs.]

This uncivil rule ; she shall know of it. Shak.

3. The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; authority; control.

Obey them that have the rule over you. Heb. xiii. 17.

His stern rule the groaning land obeyed. Pope.

4. (Law) An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order made between parties to an action or a suit.

Wharton.

5. (Math.) A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation and producing a certain result; as, a rule for extracting the cube root .

6. (Gram.) A general principle concerning the formation or use of words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, that s or es , added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural of that noun; but "man" forms its plural "men", and is an exception to the rule .

7. (a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler. (b) A measuring instrument consisting of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which is usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and jointed so that it may be folded compactly.

A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his rule . South.

8. (Print.) (a) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same height as the type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on the same page, or in tabular work. (b) A composing rule. See under Conposing .

As a rule , as a general thing; in the main; usually; as, he behaves well, as a rule . -- Board rule , Caliber rule ,etc. See under Board , Caliber , etc. -- Rule joint , a knuckle joint having shoulders that abut when the connected pieces come in line with each other, and thus permit folding in one direction only. -- Rule of three (Arith.) , that rule which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which shall have the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the first; proportion. See Proportion , 5 (b) . -- Rule of thumb , any rude process or operation, like that of using the thumb as a rule in measuring; hence, judgment and practical experience as distinguished from scientific knowledge.

Syn. -- regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon; order; method; direction; control; government; sway; empire.

Rule <Xpage=1259>

Rule , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruling .] [Cf. OF . riuler , ruiler , L. regulare . See Rule , n. , and cf. Regulate .] 1. To control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or dominion over; to govern; to manage.

Chaucer.

A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that ruleth well his own house, having his children in subjection. 1 Tim. iii. 2, 4.

2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to guide; -- used chiefly in the passive.

I think she will be ruled In all respects by me. Shak.

3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal or general consent, or by common practice.

That's are ruled case with the schoolmen. Atterbury.

4. (Law) To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order of court.

5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other contrivance effecting a similar result; as, to rule a sheet of paper of a blank book .

Ruled surface (Geom.) , any surface that may be described by a straight line moving according to a given law; -- called also a scroll .

Rule <Xpage=1259>

Rule , v. i. 1. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; -- often followed by over .

By me princes rule , and nobles. Prov. viii. 16.

We subdue and rule over all other creatures. Ray.

2. (Law) To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an incidental point; to enter a rule.

Burril. Bouvier.

3. (Com.) To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in general, or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday than the day before .

Ruleless <Xpage=1259>

Rule"less , a. Destitute of rule; lawless.

Spenser.

Rule-monger <Xpage=1259>

Rule"-mon`ger (?) , n. A stickler for rules; a slave of rules [R.]

Hare.

<page="1260"> Page 1260

<page="1260"> Page 1260

Ruler <Xpage=1260>

Rul"er (?) , n. 1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or authority; a governor.

And he made him ruler over all the land. Gen. xii. 43.

A prince and ruler of the land. Shak.

2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule , n. , 7 (a) <-- usu. marked with graduations so that it can be used to measure distances -->.

Parallel ruler . See under Parallel .

Ruling <Xpage=1260>

Rul"ing , a. 1. Predominant; chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling passion; a ruling sovereign .

2. Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a ruling machine or pen .

Syn. -- Predominant; chief; controlling; directing; guilding; governing; prevailing; prevalent.

Ruling <Xpage=1260>

Rul"ing , n. 1. The act of one who rules; ruled lines.

2. (Law) A decision or rule of a judge or a court, especially an oral decision, as in excluding evidence.

Rulingly <Xpage=1260>

Rul"ing*ly , adv. In a ruling manner; so as to rule.

Rullichies <Xpage=1260>

Rul"li*chies (?) , n. pl. [Cf. D. rolletje alittle roll.] Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices and fried. [Local, New York]

Ruly <Xpage=1260>

Rul"y (?) , a. [From Rule .] orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed to unruly . [Obs.]

Gascoigne.

Rum <Xpage=1260>

Rum (?) , n. [probably shortened from prov. E. rumbullion a great tumult, formerly applied in the island of Barbadoes to an intoxicating liquor.] A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or from the scumming of the boiled juice, or from treacle or molasses, or from the lees of former distillations. Also, sometimes used colloquially as a generic or a collective name for intoxicating liquor.

Rum bud , a grog blossom. [Colloq.] -- Rum shrub , a drink composed of rum, water, sugar, and lime juice or lemon juice, with some flavoring extract.

Rum <Xpage=1260>

Rum , a. [Formerly rome , a slang word for good; possibly of Gypsy origin; cf. Gypsy rom a husband, a gypsy.] Old-fashioned; queer; odd; as, a rum idea; a rum fellow . [Slang]

Dickens.

Rum <Xpage=1260>

Rum , n. A queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. [Slang, Obs.]

Swift.

Rumble <Xpage=1260>

Rum"ble (?) , v. i. [OE. romblen , akin to D. rommeln , G. rumpeln , Dan. rumle ; cf. Icel. rumja to roar.] 1. To make a low, heavy, continued sound; as, the thunder rumbles at a distance .

In the mean while the skies 'gan rumble sore. Surrey.

The people cried and rombled up and down. Chaucer.

2. To murmur; to ripple.

To rumble gently down with murmur soft. Spenser.

<--3. to engage in a fight, usu. between street gangs.-->

Rumble <Xpage=1260>

Rum"ble , n. 1. A noisy report; rumor. [Obs.]

Delighting ever in rumble that is new. Chaucer.

2. A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy wagons or the reverberation of thunder; a confused noise; as, the rumble of a railboard train .

Clamor and rumble , and ringing and clatter. tennyson.

Merged in the rumble of awakening day. H. James.

3. A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage.

Kit, well wrapped, . . . was in the rumble behind. Dickens.

4. A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or poliched by friction against each other.

<-- rumble seat , a seat in the rear of an automobile, outside the passenger cabin, which folds out from the body -->

Rumble <Xpage=1260>

Rum"ble , v. t. To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. See Rumble , n. , 4.

Rumbler <Xpage=1260>

Rum"bler (?) , n. One who, or that which, rumbles.

Rumbling <Xpage=1260>

Rum"bling (?) , a. & n. from Rumble , v. i.

Rumblingly <Xpage=1260>

Rum"bling*ly , adv. In a rumbling manner.

Rumbo <Xpage=1260>

Rum"bo (?) , n. grog. [Obs.]

Sir W. Scott.

Rumbowline <Xpage=1260>

Rum*bow"line (?) , n. (Naut.) Same as Rombowline .

Rumen <Xpage=1260>

Ru"men (?) , n. [L. rumen , -inis , the throat.] 1. (Anat.) The first stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See Illust . below.

2. The cud of a ruminant.

Rumican <Xpage=1260>

Ru"mi*can (?) , n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance found in the root of yellow dock ( Rumex crispus ) and identical with chrysophanic acid .

Ruminal <Xpage=1260>

Rumi*nal (?) , a. [L. ruminalis .] (Zo\'94l.) Ruminant; ruminating. [R.]

Ruminant <Xpage=1260>

Ru"mi*nant (?) , a. [L. ruminans , -antis , p.pr.: cf. F. ruminant . See Ruminate .] (Zo\'94l.) Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia.

Ruminant <Xpage=1260>

Ru"mi*nant , n. (Zo\'94l.) A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia.

Ruminantia <Xpage=1260>

Ru`mi*nan"ti*a (?) , n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Artiodactyla having four stomachs. This division includes the camels, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and allies.

<-- Letters refer to the Illustration, "Stomach of a ruminant." --> &hand; The vegetable food, after the first mastication, enters the first stomach ( r ). It afterwards passes into the second ( n ), where it is moistened, and formed into pellets which the animal has the power of bringing back to the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is swallowed into the third stomach ( m ), whence it passes to the fourth ( s ), where it is finally digested.

Ruminantly <Xpage=1260>

Ru"mi*nant*ly (?) , adv. In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing the cud.

Ruminate <Xpage=1260>

Ru"mi*nate (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Ruminated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruminating .] [L. ruminatus , p.p. of ruminari , ruminare , fr. rumen , -inis , throat, akin to ructare to belch, erugere to belch out, Gr. <?/, AS. roccettan .] 1. To chew the cud; to chew again what has been slightly chewed and swallowed. "Cattle free to ruminate ."

Wordsworth.

2. Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to reflect.

Cowper.

Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that ruminates on the felicity of heaven? I. Taylor.

Ruminate <Xpage=1260>

Ru"mi*nate (?) , v. t. 1. To chew over again.

2. Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse on.

Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin. Dryden.

What I know Is ruminated , plotted, and set down. Shak.

Ruminate, Ruminated <Xpage=1260>