Chapter 1388

Ru"di*ment (?) , n. [L. rudimentum , fr. rudis unwrought, ignorant, rude: cf. F. rudiment . See Rude .] 1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an unfinished beginning.

but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments , and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth. Milton.

the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape. I. Taylor.

2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a beginning of any knowledge; a first step.

This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in the rudiments of many desperate studies. Shak.

There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his great warfare. Milton.

3. (Biol.) An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed.

Rudiment <Xpage=1258>

Ru"di*ment , v. t. To furnish with first principles or rules; to insrtuct in the rudiments.

Gayton.

Rudimental <Xpage=1258>

Ru`di*men"tal (?) , a. Rudimentary.

Addison.

Rudimentary <Xpage=1258>

Ru`di*men"ta*ry (?) , a. [Cf. F. rudimentaire .] 1. Of or pertaining to rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary; initial; as, rudimental essays .

2. (Biol.) Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of development; embryonic.

Rudish <Xpage=1258>

Rud"ish (?) , a. Somewhat rude.

Foote.

Rudistes <Xpage=1258>

Ru*dis"tes (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. L. rudis rough.] (Paleon.) An extinct order or suborder of bivalve mollusks characteristic of the Cretaceous period; -- called also Rudista . See Illust . under Hippurite .

Rudity <Xpage=1258>

Ru"di*ty (?) , n. [L. ruditas ignorance, fr. rudis rude, illiterate.] Rudeness; ignorance. [R.]

Rudmasday <Xpage=1258>

Rud"mas*day (?) , n. [See Rood , Mass , Day .] (R.C.Ch.) Either of the feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 and September 14, annually.

Rudolphine <Xpage=1258>

Ru*dolph"ine (?) , a. Pertaining to, or designating, a set of astronomical tables computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations of Tycho Brahe; -- so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany.

Rue <Xpage=1258>

Rue (?) , n. [F. rue , L. ruta , akin to Gr. <?/; cf. AS. r<?/de .] 1. (Bot.) A perennial suffrutescent plant ( Ruta graveolens ), having a strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in medicine.

Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see. Milton.

They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense, sulphur, rue , which from thence, as we suppose, came to be called herb of grace. Jer. Taylor.

2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret.

Goat's rue . See under Goat . -- Rue anemone , a pretty springtime flower ( Thalictrum anemonides ) common in the United States. -- Wall rue , a little fern ( Asplenium Ruta-muraria ) common on walls in Europe.

Rue <Xpage=1258>

Rue , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Rued (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruing .] [OE. rewen , reouwen , to grive, make sorry, AS. hre\'a2wan ; akin to OS. hrewan , D. rouwen , OHG. hriuwan , G. reun , Icel. hruggr grieved, hrug&edh; sorrow. &root; 18. Cf. Ruth .] 1. To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for or over.

Chaucer.

I wept to see, and rued it from my heart. Chapmen.

Thy will Chose freely what it now so justly rues . Milton.

2. To cause to grieve; to afflict. [Obs.] "God wot, it rueth me."

Chaucer.

3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released from. [Prov. Eng.]

Rue <Xpage=1258>

Rue , v. i. 1. To have compassion. [Obs.]

God so wisly [ i. e. , truly] on my soul rue . Chaucer.

Which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them. Ridley.

2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent.

Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue . Chaucer.

Old year, we'll dearly rue for you. Tennyson.

Rue <Xpage=1258>

Rue , n. [AS. hre\'a2w . See Rue , v. t. ] Sorrow; repetance. [Obs.]

Shak.

Rueful <Xpage=1258>

Rue"ful (?) , a. 1. Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; sorrowful.

2. Expressing sorrow. " Rueful faces."

Dryden.

Two rueful figures, with long black cloaks. Sir W. Scott.

-- Rue"ful*ly , adv. -- Rue"ful*ness , n.

Ruell bone <Xpage=1258>

Ru"ell bone` (?) . See rewel bone . [Obs.]

Ruelle <Xpage=1258>

Ru*elle" (<?/) , n. [F. ruelle a narrow street, a lan<?/, ruelle, fr. rue a street.] A private circle or assembly at a private house; a circle . [Obs.]

Dryden.

Rufescent <Xpage=1258>

Ru*fes"cent (?) , a. [L. rufescens , p.pr. of rufescere to become reddish, fr. rufus red: cf. F. rufescent .] Reddish; tinged with red.

Ruff <Xpage=1258>

Ruff (?) , n. [F. ronfle ; cf. It. ronfa , Pg. rufa , rifa .] (Card Playing) (a) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it.

Nares.

(b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit led .

Ruff <Xpage=1258>

Ruff , v. i. & t. (Card Playing) To trump.

Ruff <Xpage=1258>

Ruff , n. [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. r<?/finn rough, uncombed, Pr. ruf rude, rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp, curled, G. raufen to pluck, fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E. rough . &root;18. Cf. Ruffle to wrinkle.] 1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children.

Here to-morrow with his best ruff on. Shak.

His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out against ruffs ; . . . they were come to that height of excess herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for starching of a ruff . Howell.

2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this name.

I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I spread. Pope.

3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness.

How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their glory, have been taken down from the head of a conquering army to the wheel of the victor's chariot! L'Estrange.

4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.]

To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff . Latimer.

5. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a ruffle.

6. (Mach.) A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise motion. See Illust . of Collar .

7. (Zo\'94l.) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or on, the neck of a bird.

8. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia ( Pavoncella, &or; Philommachus, pugnax ) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding season. The female is called reeve , or rheeve . (b) A variety of the domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck.

Ruff <Xpage=1258>

Ruff , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruffed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffing .] 1. To ruffle; to disorder.

Spenser.

2. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.

3. (Hawking) To hit, as the prey, without fixing it.

Ruff, Ruffe <Xpage=1258>

Ruff , Ruffe (?) , n. [OE. ruffe .] (Zo\'94l.) A small freshwater European perch ( Acerina vulgaris ); -- called also pope , blacktail , and stone, &or; striped, perch .

Ruffed <Xpage=1258>

Ruffed (?) , a. Furnished with a ruff.

Ruffed grouse (Zo\'94l.) , a North American grouse ( Bonasa umbellus ) common in the wooded districts of the Northern United States. The male has a ruff of brown or black feathers on each side of the neck, and is noted for the loud drumming sound he makes during the breeding season. Called also tippet grouse , partridge , birch partridge , pheasant , drummer , and white-flesher . -- ruffed lemur (Zo\'94l.) , a species of lemur ( lemur varius ) having a conspicuous ruff on the sides of the head. Its color is varied with black and white. Called also ruffed maucaco .

Ruffian <Xpage=1258>

Ruf"fian (? &or; ?; 277) , n. [F. rufien , OF. ruffen , ruffian , pimp. libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp. rufian , It. ruffiano ; all perhaps of German or Dutch origin; cf. G. raufen to pluck, scuffle, fight, OD. roffen to pander. Cf. Ruffle to grow urbulent .] 1. A pimp; a pander; also, a paramour. [Obs.]

he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home, reveling with her ruffians . Bp. Reynolds.

2. A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow ready for murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat.

Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian ? Shak.

Ruffian <Xpage=1258>

Ruf"fian , a. brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian rage .

Ruffian <Xpage=1258>

Ruf"fian , v. i. To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. [R.]

Shak.

Ruffianage <Xpage=1258>

Ruf"fian*age (?) , n. Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. "The vilest ruffianage ."

Sir F. Palgrave.

Ruffianish <Xpage=1258>

Ruf"fian*ish , a. Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; ruffianly.

Ruffianlike <Xpage=1258>

Ruf"fian*like` (?) , a. Ruffianly.

Fulke.

Ruffianly <Xpage=1258>

Ruf"fian*ly , a. Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a ruffian; violent; brutal.

Ruffianous <Xpage=1258>

Ruf"fian*ous (?) , a. Ruffianly. [Obs.]

Chapman.

Ruffin <Xpage=1258>

Ruf"fin (?) , a. [See Ruffian .] Disordered. [Obs.]

His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood. Spenser.

<page="1259"> Page 1259

Ruffle <Xpage=1259>

Ruf"fle (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Ruffled (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffling (?) .] [From Ruff a plaited collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD. ruyffelen to wrinkle.] 1. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.

2. To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt .

3. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation or commotion.

The fantastic revelries . . . that so often ruffled the placid bosom of the Nile. I. Taylor.

She smoothed the ruffled seas. Dryden.

4. To erect in a ruff, as feathers.

[the swan] ruffles her pure cold plume. Tennyson.

5. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.

6. To discompose; to agitate; to disturb.

These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind. Sir W. Hamilton.

But, ever after, the small violence done Rankled in him and ruffled all his heart. Tennyson.

7. To throw into disorder or confusion.

Where best He might the ruffled foe infest. Hudibras.

8. To throw together in a disorderly manner. [R.]

I ruffled up falen leaves in heap. Chapman

To ruffle the feathers of , to exite the resentment of; to irritate.

Ruffle <Xpage=1259>

Ruf"fle (?) , v. i. [Perhaps of different origin from ruffle to wrinkle; cf. OD. roffeln , roffen , to pander, LG. raffein , Dan. ruffer a pimp. Cf. Rufflan .] 1. To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. [R.]

The night comes on, and the bleak winds Do sorely ruffle . Shak.

2. To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter.

On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined, Ruffles at speed, and dances in the wind. Dryden.

3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger.

They would ruffle with jurors. Bacon.

Gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery. Sir W. Scott.

Ruffle <Xpage=1259>

Ruf"fle , n. [See Ruffle , v. t. & i. ] 1. That which is ruffled; specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill.

2. A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation; commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle .

3. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; -- called also ruff .

H. L. Scott.

4. (Zo\'94l.) The connected series of large egg capsules, or o\'94thec\'91, of any one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur . See O\'94theca .

Ruffle of a boot , the top turned down, and scalloped or plaited.

Halliwell.

Ruffleless <Xpage=1259>

Ruf"fle*less , a. Having no ruffle.

Rufflement <Xpage=1259>

Ruf"fle*ment (?) , n. The act of ruffling. [R.]

Ruffler <Xpage=1259>

Ruf"fler (?) , n. 1. One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian.

Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by that crew of rufflers . Milton.

2. That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine attachment for making ruffles.

Rufigallic <Xpage=1259>

Ru`fi*gal"lic (?) , a. [ Rufi opin + gallic .] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or red crystalline substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene.

Rufiopin <Xpage=1259>

Ru`fi*o"pin (?) , n. [L. rufus reddish + op ianic.] (Chem.) A yellowish red crystalline substance related to anthracene, and obtained from opianic acid.

Rufol <Xpage=1259>

Ru"fol (?) , n. [L. rufus reddish + -ol .] (Chem.) A phenol derivative of anthracene obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on oxidation produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone.

Rufous <Xpage=1259>

Ru"fous (?) , a. [L. rufus .] Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red color; tawny.

Ruft <Xpage=1259>

Ruft (?) , n. (Med.) Eructation; belching. [Obs.]

Rufterhood <Xpage=1259>

Ruf"ter*hood (?) , n. [Cf. Ruff a plaited collar.] (Falconry) A kind of hood for a hawk.

Rug <Xpage=1259>

Rug (?) , n. [Cf. Sw. rugg entanglend hair, ruggig rugged, shaggy, probably akin to E. rough . See Rough , a. ] 1. A kind of coarse, heavy frieze, formerly used for garments.

They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of mine . . . repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these Waterford rugs . The mastiffs, . . . deeming he had been a bear, would fain have baited him. Holinshed.

2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, -- used for various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, for hanging in a doorway as a poti\'8are, for protecting a portion of carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc.

3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog.

Rug gown , a gown made of rug, of or coarse, shaggy cloth.

B. Johnson.

Rug <Xpage=1259>

Rug , v. t. To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear. [Scot.]

Sir W. Scott.

Ruga <Xpage=1259>

Ru"ga (?) , n. ; pl. Rug\'91 (#) . [L.] (Nat. Hist.) A wrinkle; a fold; as, the rug\'91 of the stomach .

Rugate <Xpage=1259>

Ru"gate (?) , a. [L. rugatus , p.p. of rugare to wrinkle, fr. ruga a wrinkle.] Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled.

Dana.

Rugged <Xpage=1259>

Rug"ged (?) , a. [See Rug , n. ] 1. Full of asperities on the surface; broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; rough; as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road .

The rugged bark of some broad elm. Milton.

2. Not neat or regular; uneven.

His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged . Shak.

3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. "The rugged Russian bear."

Shak.

4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of temper, character, and the like, or of persons.

Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard, rugged , and unconcerned as ever. South.

5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude.

Milton.

6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, style, and the like.

Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line. Dryden.

7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of looks, etc. "Sleek o'er your rugged looks."

Shak.

8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct, manners, etc.

9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health, physique, etc. [Colloq. U.S.]

Syn. -- Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh; hard; crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; violent; boisterous; tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous; inclement.

-- Rug"ged*ly (#) , adv. -- Rug"ged*ness , n.

Rugging <Xpage=1259>

Rug"ging (?) , n. A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, blanketing, etc.

Rug-gowned <Xpage=1259>

Rug"-gowned (?) , a. Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of rug.

Beau. & Fl.

Ruggy <Xpage=1259>

Rug"gy (?) , a. Rugged; rough. [Obs.] "With ruggy , ashy hairs."

Chaucer.

Rug-headed <Xpage=1259>

Rug"-head`ed (?) , a. Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.]

Those rough rug-headed kerns. Shak.

Rugin <Xpage=1259>

Rug"in (?) , n. A nappy cloth. [Obs.]

Wiseman.

Rugine <Xpage=1259>

Ru"gine (?) , n. [F.] (Surg.) An instrument for scraping the periosteum from bones; a raspatory.

Rugine <Xpage=1259>