The Gutenberg Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
Chapter 1357
Romanesque style (Arch.) , that which grew up from the attempts of barbarous people to copy Roman architecture and apply it to their own purposes. This term is loosely applied to all the styles of Western Europe, from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the appearance of Gothic architecture.
Romanesque <Xpage=1249>
Ro`man*esque" , n. Romanesque style.
Romanic <Xpage=1249>
Ro*man"ic (?) , a. [L. Romanicus . See Romance , n. ] 1. Of or pertaining to Rome or its people.
2. Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.
3. Related to the Roman people by descent; -- said especially of races and nations speaking any of the Romanic tongues.
Romanic spelling , spelling by means of the letters of the Roman alphabet, as in English; -- contrasted with phonetic spelling .
Romanish <Xpage=1249>
Ro"man*ish (?) , a. Pertaining to Romanism.
Romanism <Xpage=1249>
Ro"man*ism (?) , n. The tenets of the Church of Rome; the Roman Catholic religion.
Romanist <Xpage=1249>
Ro"man*ist , n. One who adheres to Romanism.
Romanize <Xpage=1249>
Ro"man*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Romanized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Romanizing (?) .] 1. To Latinize; to fill with Latin words or idioms. [R.]
Dryden.
2. To convert to the Roman Catholic religion.
Romanize <Xpage=1249>
Ro"man*ize , v. i. 1. To use Latin words and idioms. "Apishly Romanizing ."
Milton.
2. To conform to Roman Catholic opinions, customs, or modes of speech.
Romanizer <Xpage=1249>
Ro"man*i`zer (?) , n. One who Romanizes.
Romansch <Xpage=1249>
Ro*mansch" (?) , n. [Grisons rumansch , rumonsch , romonsch . See Romance .] The language of the Grisons in Switzerland, a corruption of the Latin. [Written also Romansch , and Rumonsch .]
Romant <Xpage=1249>
Ro*mant" (?) , n. A romaunt. [Obs.]
Romantic <Xpage=1249>
Ro*man"tic (?) , a. [F. romantique , fr. OF. romant . See Romance .] 1. Of or pertaining to romance; involving or resembling romance; hence, fanciful; marvelous; extravagant; unreal; as, a romantic tale; a romantic notion; a romantic undertaking.
Can anything in nature be imagined more profane and impious, more absurd, and undeed romantic , than such a persuasion? South.
Zeal for the good of one's country a party of men have represented as chimerical and romantic . Addison.
2. Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a romance; as, a romantic person; a romantic mind.
3. Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian and popular literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the classical antique; of the nature of, or appropriate to, that style; as, the romantic school of poets .
4. Characterized by strangeness or variety; suggestive of adventure; suited to romance; wild; picturesque; -- applied to scenery; as, a romantic landscape .
Syn. -- Sentimental; fanciful; fantastic; fictitious; extravagant; wild; chimerical. See Sentimental .
The romantic drama . See under Drama .
Romantical <Xpage=1249>
Ro*man"tic*al (?) , a. Romantic.
Romanticaly <Xpage=1249>
Ro*man"tic*al*y , adv. In a romantic manner.
Romanticism <Xpage=1249>
Ro*man"ti*cism (?) , n. [CF. It. romanticismo , F. romantisme , romanticisme .] A fondness for romantic characteristics or peculiarities; specifically, in modern literature, an aiming at romantic effects; -- applied to the productions of a school of writers who sought to revive certain medi<?/val forms and methods in opposition to the so-called classical style.
He [Lessing] may be said to have begun the revolt from pseudo-classicism in poetry, and to have been thus unconsciously the founder of romanticism . Lowell.
Romanticist <Xpage=1249>
Ro*man"ti*cist (?) , n. One who advocates romanticism in modern literature.
J. R. Seeley.
Romanticly <Xpage=1249>
Ro*man"tic*ly (?) , adv. Romantically. [R.]
Strype.
Romanticness <Xpage=1249>
Ro*man"tic*ness (?) , n. The state or quality of being romantic; widness; fancifulness.
Richardson.
Romany <Xpage=1249>
Rom"a*ny (?) , n. [Gypsy romano , romani , adj., gypsy; cf. rom husband.] 1. A gypsy.
2. The language spoken among themselves by the gypsies. [Written also Rommany .]
Romanza <Xpage=1249>
Ro*man"za (?) , n. [It.] See Romance , 5 .
Romaunt <Xpage=1249>
Ro*maunt" (?) , n. [See Romance .] A romantic story in verse; as, the " Romaunt of the Rose ."
O, hearken, loving hearts and bold, Unto my wild romaunt . Mrs. Browning.
Romble <Xpage=1249>
Rom"ble (?) , v.& n. Rumble. [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rombowline <Xpage=1249>
Rom*bow"line (?) , n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) Old, condemned canvas, rope, etc., unfit for use except in chafing gear. [Written also rumbowline .]
Romeine, Romeite <Xpage=1249>
Ro"me*ine (?) , Ro"me*ite (?) , n. [F. rom\'82ine . So calledafter the French mineralogist Rom\'82 L'Isle.] (Min.) A mineral of a hyacinth or honey-yellow color, occuring in square octahedrons. It is an antimonate of calcium.
Romekin <Xpage=1249>
Rome"kin (?) , n. [CF. Rummer .] A drinking cup. [Written also romkin .] [Obs.]
Halliwell.
Rome penny, ∨ Rome scot <Xpage=1249>
Rome" pen`ny (?) , ∨ Rome" scot` (?) . See Peter pence , under Peter .
Romeward <Xpage=1249>
Rome"ward (?) , adv. Toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church.
Romeward <Xpage=1249>
Rome"ward , a. Tending or directed toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church.
To analyze the crisis in its Anglican rather than in its Romeward aspect. Gladstone.
Romic <Xpage=1249>
Rom"ic (?) , n. A method of notation for all spoken sounds, proposed by Mr. Sweet; -- so called because it is based on the common Roman -letter alphabet. It is like the pal\'91otype of Mr. Ellis in the general plan, but simpler.
Romish <Xpage=1249>
Rom"ish (?) , a. Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the Roman Catholic Church; -- frequently used in a disparaging sense; as, the Romish church; the Romish religion, ritual, or ceremonies .
Romist <Xpage=1249>
Rom"ist , n. A Roman Catholic. [R.]
South.
Romp <Xpage=1249>
Romp (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Romped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Romping .] [A variant of ramp . See Ramp to leap, Rampallian .] To play rudely and boisterously; to leap and frisk about in play.
Romp <Xpage=1249>
Romp , n. 1. A girl who indulges in boisterous play.
<page="1250"> Page 1250
2. Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough sport.
While romp -loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. Thomson.
Romping <Xpage=1250>
Romp"ing (?) , a. Inclined to romp; indulging in romps.
A little romping girl from boarding school. W. Irving.
Rompingly <Xpage=1250>
Romp"ing*ly , adv. In a romping manner.
Rompish <Xpage=1250>
Romp"ish , a. Given to rude play; inclined to romp.
--- Romp"ish , adv. -- Romp"ish*ness , n.
Rompu <Xpage=1250>
Rom"pu (?) , a. [F. rompu , p. p. of rompre to breeak, L. rumpere . See Rupture .] (Her.) Broken, as an ordinary; cut off, or broken at the top, as a chevron, a bend, or the like.
Roncador <Xpage=1250>
Ron`ca*dor" (?) , n. [Sp., a snorer, fr. roncar to snore. So called in allusion to the grunting noise made by them on being taken from the water. ] (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of California sci\'91noid food fishes, especially Roncador Stearnsi , which is an excellent market fish, and the red roncador ( Corvina, ∨ Johnius, saturna ).
Ronchil <Xpage=1250>
Ron"chil (?) , n. [Cf. Sp. ronquillo slightly hoarse.] (Zo\'94l.) An American marine food fish ( Bathymaster signatus ) of the North Pacific coast, allied to the tilefish. [Written also ronquil .]
Ronco <Xpage=1250>
Ron"co (?) , n. [Sp. ronco hoarse.] (Zo\'94l.) See Croaker , n. , 2. (a) . [Texas]
Rondache <Xpage=1250>
Ron`dache" (?) , n. [F.] (Anc. Armor.) A circular shield carried by foot soldiers.
Ronde <Xpage=1250>
Ronde (?) , n. [F.] (Print.) A kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look.
Rondeau <Xpage=1250>
Ron*deau" (?) , n. [F. See Roundel .] [Written also rondo .] 1. A species of lyric poetry so composed as to contain a refrain or repetition which recurs according to a fixed law, and a limited number of rhymes recurring also by rule.
&hand; When the rondeau was called the rondel it was mostly written in fourteen octosyllabic lines of two rhymes, as in the rondels of Charles d'Orleans. . . . In the 17th century the approved form of the rondeau was a structure of thirteen verses with a refrain.
Encyc. Brit.
2. (Mus.) See Rondo , 1 .
Rondel <Xpage=1250>
Ron"del (?) , n. [Cf. Rondeau , Roundel .] 1. (Fort.) A small round tower erected at the foot of a bastion. [Obs.]
2. [F.] (a) Same as Rondeau . (b) Specifically, a particular form of rondeau containing fourteen lines in two rhymes, the refrain being a repetition of the first and second lines as the seventh and eighth, and again as the thirteenth and fourteenth.
E. W. Gosse.
Rondeletia <Xpage=1250>
Ron`de*le"ti*a (?) , n. [NL. So named after William Rondelet , a French naturalist.] (Bot.) A tropical genus of rubiaceous shrubs which often have brilliant flowers.
Rondle <Xpage=1250>
Ron"dle (?) , n. [Cf. Rondel .] 1. A rondeau. [Obs.]
Spenser.
2. A round mass, plate, or disk; especially (Metal.) , the crust or scale which forms upon the surface of molten metal in the crucible.
Rondo <Xpage=1250>
Ron"do (?) , n. [It. rond\'95 , fr. F. rondeau . See Rondeau .] 1. (Mus.) A composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains. "The Rondo -form was the earliest and most frequent definite mold for musical construction."
Grove.
2. (Poetry) See Rondeau , 1.
Rondure <Xpage=1250>
Ron"dure (?) , n. [Cf. F. rondeur roundness.] 1. A round; a circle. [Obs.]
Shak.
2. Roundness; plumpness. [R.]
High-kirtled for the chase, and what was shown Of maiden rondure , like the rose half-blown. Lowell.
Rong <Xpage=1250>
Rong (?) , obs. imp. & p. p. of Ring .
Chaucer.
Rong <Xpage=1250>
Rong , n. Rung (of a ladder). [Obs.]
Chaucer.
Rongeur <Xpage=1250>
Ron`geur" (?) , n. [F., fr. ronger to gnaw.] (Surg.) An instrument for removing small rough portions of bone.
Ronion, Ronyon <Xpage=1250>
Ron"ion , Ron"yon (?) , n. [F. rogne scab, mange.] A mangy or scabby creature.
"Aroint thee, with!" the rump-fed ronyon cries. Shak.
Ronne, obs. imp. pl. , and Ronnen <Xpage=1250>
Ron"ne (?) , obs. imp. pl. , and Ron"nen (<?/) , obs. p. p. of Renne , to run.
Chaucer.
Ront <Xpage=1250>
Ront (?) , n. [See Runt .] A runt. [Obs.]
Spenser.
Rood <Xpage=1250>
Rood (?) , n. [AS. r <?/d a cross; akin to OS. r<?/da , D. roede rod, G. ruthe , rute , OHG. ruota . CF. Rod a measure.] 1. A representation in sculpture or in painting of the cross with Christ hanging on it.
&hand; Generally, the Trinity is represented, the Father as an elderly man fully clothed, with a nimbus around his head, and holding the cross on which the Son is represented as crucified, the Holy Spirit descending in the form of a dove near the Son's head. Figures of the Virgin Mary and of St. John are often placed near the principal figures.
Savior, in thine image seen Bleeding on that precious rood . Wordsworth.
2. A measure of five and a half yards in length; a red; a perch; a pole. [Prov.Eng.]
3. The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods.
By the rood , by the cross; -- a phrase formerly used in swearing. "No, by the road , not so." Shak . -- Rood beam (Arch.) , a beam across the chancel of a church, supporting the road. -- Rood loft (Arch.) , a loft or gallery, in a church, on which the rood and its appendagess were set up to view. Gwilt . -- Rood screen (Arch.) , a screen, between the choir and the body of the church, over which the rood was placed. Fairholt . -- Rood tower (Arch.) , a tower at the intersection of the nave and transept of a church; -- when crowned with a spire it was called also rood steeple . Weale . -- Rood tree , the cross. [Obs.] "Died upon the rood tree ." Gower .
Roodebok <Xpage=1250>
Roo"de*bok (?) , n. [D. rood red + bok buck.] (Zo\'94l.) The pallah.
Roody <Xpage=1250>
Rood"y (?) , a. Rank in growth. [Prov.Eng.]
Roof <Xpage=1250>
Roof (?) , n. [OE. rof , AS. hr<?/f top, roof; akin to D. roef cabin, Icel. hr<?/f a shed under which ships are built or kept; cf. OS. hr<?/st roof, Goth. hr<?/t . Cf. Roost .] 1. (Arch.) The cover of any building, including the roofing (see Roofing ) and all the materials and construction necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the walls or other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted ceilings protected by an outer roof, some writers call the vault the roof , and the outer protection the roof mask . It is better, however, to consider the vault as the ceiling only, in cases where it has farther covering.
2. That which resembles, or corresponds to, the covering or the ceiling of a house; as, the roof of a cavern; the roof of the mouth.
The flowery roof Showered roses, which the morn repaired. Milton.
3. (Mining.) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying a bed of coal or a flat vein.
Bell roof , French roof , etc. (Arch.) See under Bell , French , etc. -- Flat roof . (Arch.) (a) A roof actually horizontal and level, as in some Oriental buildings . (b) A roof nearly horizontal, constructed of such material as allows the water to run off freely from a very slight inclination. -- Roof plate . (Arch.) See Plate , n. , 10.
Roof <Xpage=1250>
Roof (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Roofed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Roofing .] 1. To cover with a roof.
I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings that have not been roofed with vaults or arches. Addison.
2. To inclose in a house; figuratively, to shelter.
Here had we now our country's honor roofed . Shak.
Roofer <Xpage=1250>
Roof"er (?) , n. One who puts on roofs.
Roofing <Xpage=1250>
Roof"ing , n. 1. The act of covering with a roof.
2. The materials of which a roof is composed; materials for a roof.
Gwilt.
3. Hence, the roof itself; figuratively, shelter. "Fit roofing gave."
Southey.
4. (Mining) The wedging, as of a horse or car, against the top of an underground passage.
Raymond.
Roofless <Xpage=1250>
Roof"less , a. 1. Having no roof; as, a roofless house .
2. Having no house or home; shelterless; homeless.
Rooflet <Xpage=1250>
Roof"let (?) , n. A small roof, covering, or shelter.
Rooftree <Xpage=1250>
Roof"tree` (?) , n. The beam in the angle of a roof; hence, the roof itself.
Now for me the woods may wither, now for me the rooftree fall. Tennyson.
Roofy <Xpage=1250>
Roof`y (?) , a. Having roofs. [R.]
Dryden.
Rook <Xpage=1250>
Rook (?) , n. Mist; fog. See Roke . [Obs.]
Rook <Xpage=1250>
Rook , v. i. To squat; to ruck. [Obs.]
Shak.
Rook <Xpage=1250>
Rook , n. [F. roc (cf. Sp. roque ), fr. Per. & Ar. rokh , or rukh , the rook or castle at chess, also the bird roc (in this sense pehaps a different word); cf. Hind. rath a war chariot, the castle at chess, Skr. ratha a car, a war car. Cf. Roll .] (Chess) One of the four pieces placed on the corner squares of the board; a castle.
Rook <Xpage=1250>
Rook , n. [AS. hr<?/c ; akin to OHG. hruoh , ruoh , ruoho , Icel. hr<?/kr , Sw. roka , Dan. raage; cf. Goth. hrukjan to crow.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A European bird ( Corvus frugilegus ) resembling the crow, but smaller. It is black, with purple and violet reflections. The base of the beak and the region around it are covered with a rough, scabrous skin, which in old birds is whitish. It is gregarious in its habits. The name is also applied to related Asiatic species.
The rook . . . should be treated as the farmer's friend. Pennant.
2. A trickish, rapacious fellow; a cheat; a sharper.
Wycherley.
Rook <Xpage=1250>
Rook , v. t. & i. [ imp. & p. p. Rooked (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Rooking .] To cheat; to defraud by cheating. "A band of rooking officials."
Milton.
Rookery <Xpage=1250>
Rook"er*y (?) , n. ; pl. Rookeries (<?/) . 1. The breeding place of a colony of rooks; also, the birds themselves.
Tennyson.
2. A breeding place of other gregarious birds, as of herons, penguins, etc.
3. The breeding ground of seals, esp. of the fur seals.