Chapter 1256

Ra"cle (?) , a. See Rakel . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Racleness <Xpage=1183>

Ra"cle*ness , n. See Rakelness . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Raconteur <Xpage=1183>

Ra`con`teur" (?) , n. [F.] A relater; a storyteller.

Racoonda <Xpage=1183>

Ra*coon"da (?) , n. [From a native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The coypu.

Racovian <Xpage=1183>

Ra*co"vi*an (?) , n. [From Racow .] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.

Racquet <Xpage=1183>

Rac"quet (?) , n. See Racket .

Racy <Xpage=1183>

Ra"cy (?) , a. [ Compar. Racier (?) ; superl. Raciest .] [From Race a tribe, family.] 1. Having a strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct characteristic taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich.

The racy wine, Late from the mellowing cask restored to light. Pope.

2. Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong or distinctive character of thought or language; peculiar and piquant; fresh and lively.

Our raciest , most idiomatic popular word. M. Arnold.

Burn's English, though not so racy as his Scotch, is generally correct. H. Coleridge.

The rich and racy humor of a natural converser fresh from the plow. Prof. Wilson.

Syn. -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant. -- Racy , Spicy . Racy refers primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown; and hence we call a style or production racy when it "smacks of the soil," or has an uncommon degree of natural freshness and distinctiveness of thought and language. Spicy , when applied, has reference to a spirit and pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a condiment. It does not, like racy , suggest native peculiarity. A spicy article in a magazine; a spicy retort. Racy in conversation; a racy remark.

Rich, racy verses, in which we The soil from which they come, taste, smell, and see. Cowley.

Rad <Xpage=1183>

Rad (?) , obs. imp. & p. p. of Read , Rede .

Spenser.

Radde <Xpage=1183>

Rad"de (?) , obs. imp. of Read , Rede .

Chaucer.

Raddle <Xpage=1183>

Rad"dle (?) , n. [Cf. G. r\'84der , r\'84del , sieve, or perhaps E. reed .] 1. A long, flexible stick, rod, or branch, which is interwoven with others, between upright posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or fence.

2. A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called also raddle hedge .

Todd.

3. An instrument consisting of a woodmen bar, with a row of upright pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep the warp of a proper width, and prevent tangling when it is wound upon the beam of the loom.

Raddle <Xpage=1183>

Rad"dle , v. t. To interweave or twist together.

Raddling or working it up like basket work. De Foe.

Raddle <Xpage=1183>

Rad"dle , n. [Cf. Ruddle .] A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in some mechanical processes; ruddle. "A ruddle of rouge."

Thackeray.

Raddle <Xpage=1183>

Rad"dle , v. t. To mark or paint with, or as with, raddle . "Whitened and raddled old women."

Thackeray.

Raddock <Xpage=1183>

Rad"dock (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) The ruddock. [Prov. Eng.]

Rade <Xpage=1183>

Rade (?) , n. A raid. [Scot.]

Radeau <Xpage=1183>

Ra`deau" (?) , n. [F.] A float; a raft.

Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock, and behind it the radeau Thunderer. W. Irving.

Radial <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. radial . See Radius .] Of or pertaining to a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; as, (Bot.) radial projections; (Zo\'94l.) radial vessels or canals; (Anat.) the radial artery .

Radial symmetry . (Biol.) See under Symmetry .

Radiale <Xpage=1183>

Ra`di*a"le (?) , n. ; pl. Radialia (#) . [NL. See Radial .] 1. (Anat.) The bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with the radius and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man.

2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Radial plates in the calyx of a crinoid.

Radially <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*al*ly (?) , adv. In a radial manner.

Radian <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*an (?) , n. [From Radius .] (Math.) An arc of a circle which is equal to the radius, or the angle measured by such an arc.

Radiance, Radiancy <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*ance (?) , Ra"di*an*cy (?) , n. The quality of being radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; as, the radiance of the sun .

Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crowned. Milton.

What radiancy of glory, What light beyond compare ! Neale.

Syn. -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.

Radiant <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*ant (?) , a. [L. radians , -antis , p. pr. of radiare to emit rays or beams, fr. radius ray: cf. F. radiant . See Radius , Ray a divergent line.] 1. Emitting or proceeding as from a center; [U.S.] rays; radiating; radiate.

2. Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat; issuing in beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or splendor; as, the radiant sun .

Mark what radiant state she spreads. Milton.

3. Beaming with vivacity and happiness; as, a radiant face .

4. (Her.) Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; as, the sun radiant ; a crown radiant .

5. (Bot.) Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal flowers of certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of the cluster which has such marginal flowers.

Radiant energy (Physics) , energy given out or transmitted by radiation, as in the case of light and radiant heat. -- Radiant heat , proceeding in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the manner of light, in distinction from heat conducted or carried by intervening media. -- Radiant point . (Astron.) See Radiant , n. , 3.

Radiant <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*ant , n. 1. (Opt.) The luminous point or object from which light emanates; also, a body radiating light brightly.

2. (Geom.) A straight line proceeding from a given point, or fixed pole, about which it is conceived to revolve.

3. (Astron.) The point in the heavens at which the apparent paths of shooting stars meet, when traced backward, or whence they appear to radiate.

Radiantly <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*ant*ly (?) , adv. In a radiant manner; with glittering splendor.

Radiary <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*a*ry (?) , n. [Cf. F. radiaire .] (Zo\'94l.) A radiate. [Obs.]

Radiata <Xpage=1183>

Ra`di*a"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. radiatus , p. p. See Radiate .] (Zo\'94l.) An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all the parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the body, and the various organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere.

&hand; It includes the c&oe;lenterates and the echinoderms. Formerly, the group was supposed to be a natural one, and was considered one of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.

Radiate <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*ate (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Radiated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Radiating .] [L. radiatus , p. p. of radiare to furnish with spokes or rays, to radiate, fr. radius . See Radius , Ray a divergent line.] 1. To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine.

Virtues shine more clear In them [kings], and radiant like the sun at noon. Howell.

2. To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to issue in rays, as light or heat.

Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our eyes. Locke.

Radiate <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*ate , v. t. 1. To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or points; as, to radiate heat .

2. To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on; to irradiate. [R.]

Radiate <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*ate (?) , a. [L. radiatus , p. p.] 1. Having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated; as, a radiate crystal .

2. (Bot.) Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are unlike the disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Radiata.

Radiate <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*ate , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Radiata.

Radiated <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*a`ted (?) , a. 1. Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; as, radiated heat .

2. Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts or markings diverging, like radii, from a common center or axis; as, a radiated structure; a radiated group of crystals.

3. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Radiata.

Radiately <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*ate*ly (?) , adv. In a radiate manner; with radiation or divergence from a center.

Radi-ate-veined <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di-ate-veined` (?) , a. (Bot.) Having the principal veins radiating, or diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil plant.

Radiatiform <Xpage=1183>

Ra`di*at"i*form (?) , a. (Bot.) Having the marginal florets enlarged and radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the cornflower,

Gray.

Radiation <Xpage=1183>

Ra`di*a"tion (?) , n. [L. radiatio : cf. F. radiation .] 1. The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.

2. The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat .

Radiative <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*a*tive (?) , a. Capable of radiating; acting by radiation.

Tyndall.

Radiator <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*a`tor (?) , n. That which radiates or emits rays, whether of light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which the heat is radiated or diffused; as, a stream radiator .

Radical <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cal (?) , a. [F., fr. L. radicalis having roots, fr. radix , -icis , a root. See Radix .] 1. Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.

2. Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the center, to the foundation to the ultimate sources to the principles, or the like: original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party.

The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only showed their radical independence. Burke.

3. (Bot.) (a) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; as, radical tubers or hairs . (b) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower .

4. (Philol.) Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of derivation; as, a radical verbal form .

5. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; a radical sign. See below.

Radical axis of two circles . (Geom.) See under Axis . -- Radical pitch , the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable begins. Rush . -- Radical quantity (Alg.) , a quantity to which the radical sign is prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power of the degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd. -- Radical sign (Math.) , the sign &root; (originally the letter r , the initial of radix , root), placed before any quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted; thus, &root; a , or &root;( a + b ). To indicate any other than the square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus &cuberoot; a , indicates the third or cube root of a. -- Radical stress (Elocution) , force of utterance falling on the initial part of a syllable or sound. -- Radical vessels (Anat.) , minute vessels which originate in the substance of the tissues.

Syn. -- Primitive; original; natural; underived; fundamental; entire. -- Radical , Entire . These words are frequently employed as interchangeable in describing some marked alternation in the condition of things. There is, however, an obvious difference between them. A radical cure, reform, etc., is one which goes to the root of the thing in question; and it is entire , in the sense that, by affecting the root, it affects in a appropriate degree the entire body nourished by the root; but it may not be entire in the sense of making a change complete in its nature, as well as in its extent. Hence, we speak of a radical change; a radical improvement; radical differences of opinion; while an entire change, an entire improvement, an entire difference of opinion, might indicate more than was actually intended. A certain change may be both radical and entire , in every sense.

Radical <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cal (?) , n. 1. (Philol.) (a) A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon. (b) A primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix.

The words we at present make use of, and understand only by common agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding, when you trace them to their radicals , where you find every word strongly stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning, character, painting, and poetry. Cleland.

2. (Politics) One who advocates radical changes in government or social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative .

In politics they [the Independents] were, to use phrase of their own time. "Root-and-Branch men," or, to use the kindred phrase of our own, Radicals . Macaulay.

3. (Chem.) (a) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.

As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic radicals , while the nonmetallic atoms are acid radicals . J. P. Cooke.

(b) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical . Cf. Residue .

4. (Alg.) A radical quantity. See under Radical , a.

An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated is not a radical but a rational quantity under a radical form. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. )

5. (Anat.) A radical vessel. See under Radical , a.

Radicalism <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cal*ism (?) , n. [Cf. F. radicalisme .] The quality or state of being radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in politics or social reform.

Radicalism means root work; the uprooting of all falsehoods and abuses. F. W. Robertson.

Radicality <Xpage=1183>

Rad`i*cal"i*ty (?) , n. 1. Germinal principle; source; origination. [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

2. Radicalness; relation to root in essential to a root in essential nature or principle.

Radically <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cal*ly (?) , adv. 1. In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root; fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically wrong or defective .

2. Without derivation; primitively; essentially. [R.]

These great orbs thus radically bright. Prior.

Radicalness <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cal*ness , n. Quality or state of being radical.

Radicant <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cant (?) , a. [L. radicans , p. pr.: cf. F. radicant . See Radicate , a. ] (Bot.) Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from the stem, as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.

Radicate <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cate (?) , a. [L. radicatus , p. p. of radicari to take root, fr. radix . See Radix .] Radicated.

Radicate <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cate (?) , v. i. To take root; to become rooted.

Evelyn.

Radicate <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cate , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Radicated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Radicating .] To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to root.

Time should . . . rather confirm and radicate in us the remembrance of God's goodness. Barrow.

Radicated <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*ca`ted (?) , a. Rooted ; specifically: (a) (Bot.) Having roots, or possessing a well-developed root . (b) (Zo\'94l.) Having rootlike organs for attachment.

Radication <Xpage=1183>

Rad`i*ca"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. radication .] 1. The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the radication of habits .

2. (Bot.) The disposition of the roots of a plant.

Radicel <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cel (?) , n. [Dim. of radix .] (Bot.) A small branch of a root; a rootlet.

Radiciflorous <Xpage=1183>

Ra*dic`i*flo"rous (?) , a. [L. radix , -icis , root + flos , floris , a flower.] (Bot.) Rhizanthous.

Radiciform <Xpage=1183>

Ra*dic"i*form (?) , a. (Bot.) Having the nature or appearance of a radix or root.

Radicle <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cle (?) , n. [L. radicula , dim. of radix , -icis , root: cf. F. radicule . See Radix .] (Bot.) (a) The rudimentary stem of a plant which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which the root is developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the caulicle. (b) A rootlet; a radicel.

Radicular <Xpage=1183>

Ra*dic"u*lar (?) , a. Of or performance to roots, or the root of a plant.

Radicule <Xpage=1183>

Rad"i*cule (?) , n. A radicle.

Radiculose <Xpage=1183>

Ra*dic"u*lose` (?) , a. (Bot.) Producing numerous radicles, or rootlets.

Radii <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*i (?) , n. , pl. of Radius .

Radio- <Xpage=1183>

Ra"di*o- (?) . A combining form indicating connection with , or relation to , a radius or ray ; specifically (Anat.) , with the radius of the forearm ; as, radio -ulnar, radio muscular, radio carpal .

Radio-flagellata <Xpage=1183>