Chapter 1225

To protest a bill ∨ note (Law) , to make a solemn written declaration, in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix.

Kent. Story.

Protest <Xpage=1152>

Pro"test (?) , n. [Cf. F. prot\'88t , It. protesto . See Protest , v. ] 1. A solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the protest of lords in Parliament .

2. (Law) (a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b) A declaration made by the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against them. (c) A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to show that the payment was not voluntary. Story . Kent .

Protestancy <Xpage=1152>

Prot"es*tan*cy (?) , n. Protestantism. [R.]

Protestant <Xpage=1152>

Prot"es*tant (?) , n. [F. protestant , fr. L. protestans , -antis , p. pr. of protestare . See Protest , v. ] One who protests; -- originally applied to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a general council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek Church.

<page="1153"> Page 1153

Protestant <Xpage=1153>

Prot"es*tant (?) , a. [Cf. F. protestant .] 1. Making a protest; protesting.

2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant writers .

Protestantical <Xpage=1153>

Prot`es*tant"ic*al (?) , a. Protestant. [Obs.]

Protestantism <Xpage=1153>

Prot"es*tant*ism (?) , n. [Cf. F. protestantisme .] The quality or state of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the principles or religion of the Protestants.

Protestantly <Xpage=1153>

Prot"es*tant*ly , adv. Like a Protestant; in conformity with Protestantism. [R.]

Milton.

Protestation <Xpage=1153>

Prot`es*ta"tion (?) , n. [L. protestatio : cf. F. protestation . See Protest .] 1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn declaration, especially of dissent. " The protestation of our faith."

Latimer.

2. (Law) Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time avoiding a direct affirmation or denial.

Protestator <Xpage=1153>

Prot"es*ta`tor (?) , n. [Cf. F. protestateur .] One who makes protestation; a protester.

Protester <Xpage=1153>

Pro*test"er (?) , n. 1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn declaration.

Shak.

2. (Law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

Protestingly <Xpage=1153>

Pro*test"ing*ly , adv. By way of protesting.

Proteus <Xpage=1153>

Pro"te*us (?) , n. [L., Gr. <?/.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A sea god in the service of Neptune who assumed different shapes at will. Hence, one who easily changes his appearance or principles.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The eyes are small and the legs are weak. (b) A changeable protozoan; an am\'d2ba.

<-- 3. a genus of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, including some species pathogenic in man. -->

Prothalamion, Prothalamium <Xpage=1153>

Pro`tha*la"mi*on (?) , Pro`tha*la"mi*um (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ chamber, especially, the bridal chamber.] A song in celebration of a marriage.

Drayton.

Prothallium <Xpage=1153>

Pro*thal"li*um (?) , n. ; pl. Prothallia (#) . [NL.] (Bot.) Same as Prothallus .

Prothallus <Xpage=1153>

Pro*thal"lus (?) , n. ; pl. Prothalli (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ a young shoot.] (Bot.) The minute primary growth from the spore of ferns and other Pteridophyta , which bears the true sexual organs; the o\'94phoric generation of ferns, etc.

Prothesis <Xpage=1153>

Proth"e*sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a placing in public, fr. <?/ to set before; <?/ before + <?/ to set, put.] 1. (Eccl.) A credence table; -- so called by the Eastern or Greek Church.

2. (Med.) See Prosthesis .

Dunglison.

Prothetic <Xpage=1153>

Pro*thet"ic (?) , a. [Gr. <?/.] Of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a prothetic apparatus .

Prothonotary, &or; Protonotary <Xpage=1153>

Pro*thon"o*ta*ry (?) , &or; Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?) , n. ; pl> -ries (#) . [LL. protonotarius , fr. Gr. prw^tos first + L. notarius a shorthand writer, a scribe: cf. F. protonotaire .] 1. A chief notary or clerk. " My private prothonotary ."

Herrick.

2. Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the master . [Eng.]

Wharton. Burrill.

3. A register or chief clerk of a court in certain States of the United States.

4. (R. C. Ch.) Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of the martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is to register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record of beatifications.

5. (Gr. Ch.) The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople.

Prothonotary warbler (Zo\'94l.) , a small American warbler ( Protonotaria citrea ). The general color is golden yellow, the back is olivaceous, the rump and tail are ash-color, several outer tail feathers are partly white.

Prothonotaryship <Xpage=1153>

Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship , n. Office of a prothonotary.

Prothoracic <Xpage=1153>

Pro`tho*rac"ic (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the prothorax.

Prothorax <Xpage=1153>

Pro*tho"rax (?) , n. [Pref. pro- + thorax .] (Zo\'94l.) The first or anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See Illusts . of Butterfly and Coleoptera .

Pro thyalosoma <Xpage=1153>

Pro* thy`a*lo*so"ma (?) , n. ; pl. Prothyalosomata (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ first + <?/ glass + <?/, <?/, body.] (Biol.) The investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the eccentric germinal spot of the germinal vesicle.

Prothyalosome <Xpage=1153>

Pro*thy"a*lo*some (?) , n. (Biol.) Same as Prothyalosoma .

Protist <Xpage=1153>

Pro"tist (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Protista.

Protista <Xpage=1153>

Pro*tis"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. prw`tistos first.] (Zo\'94l.) A provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants, others animals.

Protiston <Xpage=1153>

Pro*tis"ton (?) , n. ; pl. Protista (#) . [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the Protista.

Proto- <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to- (?) . [Gr. prw^tos first, a superl. fr. <?/ before. See Pro- .] 1. A combining form prefix signifying first, primary , primordial ; as, proto martyr, the first martyr; proto morphic, primitive in form; proto plast, a primordial organism; proto type, proto zoan.

2. (Chem.) (a) Denoting the first or lowest of a series , or the one having the smallest amount of the element to the name of which it is prefixed; as prot oxide, proto chloride, etc. (b) Sometimes used as equivalent to mono- , as indicating that the compound has but one atom of the element to the name of which it is prefixed. Also used adjectively.

Protocanonical <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the first canon, or that which contains the authorized collection of the books of Scripture; -- opposed to deutero-canonical .

Protocatechuic <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by distillation itself yields pyrocatechin.

Protocercal <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*cer"cal (?) , a. [ Proto- + Gr. <?/ the tail.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that which is first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal.

Protococcus <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*coc"cus (?) , n. [NL. See Proto- , and Coccus .] (Bot.) A genus of minute unicellular alg\'91 including the red snow plant ( Protococcus nivalis ).

Protocol <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*col (?) , n. [F. protocole , LL. protocollum , fr. Gr. <?/ the first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus and the notarial documents, on which the date was written; prw^tos the first (see Proto- ) + <?/ glue.] 1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or other instrument.

Burrill.

2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.

3. (Diplomacy) (a) A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on. (b) A convention not formally ratified. (c) An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.

<-- 4. A strict code of etiquette for conduct of behavior among diplomatic or military personnel. 5. A detailed plan for conduct of a scientific or medical experiment or procedure. A term used especially in conduct of medical research requiring approval of a regulatory agency. --> Protocol <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*col , v. t. To make a protocol of.

Protocol <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*col , v. i. To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols.

Carlyle.

Protocolist <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*col`ist , n. One who draughts protocols.

Protoconch <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*conch (?) , n. [ Proto- + conch .] (Zo\'94l.) The embryonic shell, or first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods.

Proto-Doric <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to-Dor*ic (?) , a. [ Proto- + Doric .] (Arch.) Pertaining to, or designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style are supposed to be found.

Protogine <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*gine (?) , n. [ Proto- + root of Gr. <?/ to be born: cf. F. protogyne .] (Min.) A kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery talcose mineral.

Protogynous <Xpage=1153>

Pro*tog"y*nous (?) , a. [ Proto + Gr. gynh` a woman.] (Bot.) Same as Proterogynous .

Protohippus <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*hip"pus (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ first + <?/ horse.] (Paleon.) A genus of fossil horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small.

Protomartyr <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*mar`tyr (?) , n. [LL., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ first + <?/ martyr: cf. F. protomartyr . See Proto- , and Martyr .] The first martyr; the first who suffers, or is sacrificed, in any cause; -- applied esp. to Stephen, the first Christian martyr.

Protomerite <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*mer"ite (?) , n. [ Proto- + -mere + -ite .] (Zo\'94l.) The second segment of one of the Gregarin\'91.

Protomorphic <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*mor"phic (?) , a. [ Proto- + Gr. <?/ form.] (Biol.) Having the most primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a protomorphic layer of tissue .

H. Spencer.

Protonema <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*ne"ma (?) , n. ; pl. Protonemata (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ first + <?/, <?/, a thread.] (Bot.) The primary growth from the spore of a moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed.

Protonotary <Xpage=1153>

Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?) , n. Same as Prothonotary .

Proto\'94rganism <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*\'94r"gan*ism (?) , n. [ Proto- + organism .] (Biol.) An organism whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to either the animal or the vegetable kingdom.

Protopapas <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*pap"as (<?/) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ a chief priest.] (Gr. Ch.) A protopope.

Protophyte <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*phyte (?) , n. [ Proto- + Gr. <?/ a plant.] (Bot.) Any unicellular plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by fission, gemmation, or cell division.

&hand; The protophytes ( Protophyta ) are by some botanists considered an independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to include the lowest forms of both fungi and alg\'91, as slime molds, Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. Carpophyte , and O\'94phyte .

Protophytology <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy (?) , n. [ Proto- + phytology .] Paleobotany.

Protopine <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*pine (?) , n. [ Proto- + opium .] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline substance.

Protoplasm <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*plasm (?) , n. [ Proto- + Gr. <?/ form, fr. <?/ to mold.] (Biol.) The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, bioplasm sarcode, etc.

&hand; The lowest forms of animal and vegetable life (unicellular organisms) consist of simple or unaltered protoplasm ; the tissues of the higher organisms, of differentiated protoplasm .

Protoplasmatic <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*plas*mat"ic (?) , a. Protoplasmic.

Protoplasmic <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*plas"mic (?) , a. 1. Of or pertaining to the first formation of living bodies.

2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or resembling, protoplasm.

Protoplast <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*plast (?) , n. [L. protoplastus the first man, Gr. <?/ formed or created first; <?/ first + <?/ formed, fr. <?/ to form.]

1. The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or reproductions; the original.

2. (Biol.) A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair of individuals, of a species.

A species is a class of individuals, each of which is hypothetically considered to be the descendant of the same protoplast , or of the same pair of protoplasts . Latham.

<-- 3. a plant or bacterial cell which has lost its cell wall. As a consequence, protoplasts typically assume a spherical shape, and are unable to resist rupture in a liquid of low osmolarity; but they may live and in some cases divide, provided that the osmotic pressure of the medium is sufficient to prevent expansion to the point of rupture. -->

Protoplasta <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*plas"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of fresh-water rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched pseudopodia. The genus Gromia is one of the best-known.

Protoplastic <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*plas"tic (?) , a. First-formed.

Howell.

Protopodite <Xpage=1153>

Pro*top"o*dite (?) , n. [ Proto- + Gr. <?/, <?/, foot.] (Zo\'94l.) The basal portion, or two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an appendage of a crustacean.

Protopope <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*pope (?) , n. [ Proto- + pope : cf. F. protopope , Russ. protopop' .] (Gr. Ch.) One of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular clergy; an archpriest; -- called also protopapas .

Protopterus <Xpage=1153>

Pro*top"te*rus (?) , n. [NL., from Gr. <?/ first + <?/ a feather (taken to mean, fin).] (Zo\'94l.) See Komtok .

Protosalt <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*salt (?) , n. [ Proto- + salt .] (Chem.) A salt derived from a protoxide base. [Obs.]

Protosilicate <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*sil"i*cate (?) , n. [ Proto- + silicate .] (Chem.) A silicate formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one atom of silicon in the molecule.

Protosomite <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*so"mite (?) , n. [ Proto- + somite .] (Zo\'94l.) One of the primitive segments, or metameres, of an animal.

Protosulphide <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*sul"phide (?) , n. [ Proto- + sulphide .] (Chem.) That one of a series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule.

Protosulphuret <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*sul"phu*ret (?) , n. [ Proto- + sulphuret .] (Chem.) A protosulphide. [Obs.]

Prototheria <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*the"ri*a (?) n. pl. [NL., from Gr. <?/ first + <?/, dim. of <?/ beast.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Monotremata .

Prototracheata <Xpage=1153>

Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Proto- , and Trachea .] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Malacopoda .

Prototype <Xpage=1153>

Pro"to*type (?) , n. [F., from L. prototypus original, primitive, Gr. <?/, <?/; <?/ first + <?/ type, model. See Proto- , and Type ] An original or model after which anything is copied; the pattern of anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the like; a primary form; exemplar; archetype.

They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and prototype . Burke.

Protovertebra <Xpage=1153>