Chapter 1219

Promp"tu*a*ry , n. [L. promptuarium , fr. promptuarius belonging to distribution, distributing: cf, F. promptuaire . See Prompt , a. ] That from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository.

Woodward.

Prompture <Xpage=1147>

Promp"ture (?; 135) , n. [See Prompt , a. ] Suggestion; incitement; prompting. [R.]

Shak. Coleridge.

Promulgate <Xpage=1147>

Pro*mul"gate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Promulgated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Promulgating .] [L. promulgatus , p. p. of promulgare to promulgate; of unknown origin. Cf. Promulge .] To make known by open declaration, as laws, decrees, or tidings; to publish; as, to promulgate the secrets of a council .

Syn. -- To publish; declare; proclaim. See Announce .

Promulgation <Xpage=1147>

Pro`mul*ga"tion (?) , n. [L. promulgatio : cf. F. promulgation .] The act of promulgating; publication; open declaration; as, the promulgation of the gospel .

South.

Promulgator <Xpage=1147>

Pro"mul*ga`tor (?) , n. [L.] One who promulgates or publishes.

Dr. H. More.

Promulge <Xpage=1147>

Pro*mulge" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Promulged (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Promulging (?) .] [Cf. F. promulguer . See Promulgate .] To promulgate; to publish or teach.

Blackstone.

Extraordinary doctrines these for the age in which they were promulged . Prescott.

Promulger <Xpage=1147>

Pro*mul"ger (?) , n. One who promulges or publishes what was before unknown.

Atterbury.

Promuscis <Xpage=1147>

Pro*mus"cis (?) , n. [L., corruption of proboscis .] (Zo\'94l.) The proboscis of hemipterous insects. See Illust . under Hemiptera .

Pronaos <Xpage=1147>

Pro*na"os (?) , n. [L., fr. Gr. <?/; <?/ before + <?/ temple.] (Arch.) The porch or vestibule of a temple.

Pronate <Xpage=1147>

Pro"nate (?) , a. [L. pronatus , p. p. of pronare to bend forward. See Prone .] Somewhat prone; inclined; as, pronate trees .

Kane.

Pronation <Xpage=1147>

Pro*na"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. pronation .] (Physiol.) (a) The act of turning the palm or palmar surface of the forefoot downward. (b) That motion of the forearm whereby the palm or palmar, surface is turned downward. (c) The position of the limb resulting from the act of pronation. Opposed to supination .

Pronator <Xpage=1147>

Pro*na"tor (?) , n. [NL.] (Anat.) A muscle which produces pronation.

Prone <Xpage=1147>

Prone (?) , a. [L. pronus , akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, Skr. pravana sloping, inclined, and also to L. pro forward, for. See Pro- .]

1. Bending forward; inclined; not erect.

Towards him they bend With awful reverence prone . Milton.

2. Prostrate; flat; esp., lying with the face down; -- opposed to supine .

Which, as the wind, Blew where it listed, laying all things prone . Byron.

3. Headlong; running downward or headlong. "Down thither prone in flight."

Milton.

4. Sloping, with reference to a line or surface; declivous; inclined; not level.

Since the floods demand, For their descent, a prone and sinking land. Blackmore.

5. Inclined; propense; disposed; -- applied to the mind or affections, usually in an ill sense. Followed by to . " Prone to mischief."

Shak.

Poets are nearly all prone to melancholy. Landor.

Pronely <Xpage=1147>

Prone"ly , adv. In a prone manner or position.

Proneness <Xpage=1147>

Prone"ness , n.

1. The quality or state of being prone, or of bending downward; as, the proneness of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man .

2. The state of lying with the face down; -- opposed to supineness .

3. Descent; declivity; as, the proneness of a hill .

4. Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; as, proneness to self-gratification .

Pronephric <Xpage=1147>

Pro*neph"ric (?) , a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pronephros.

Pronephros, Pronephron <Xpage=1147>

Pro*neph"ros (?) , Pro*neph"ron (<?/) , n. [ NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ a kidney.] (Anat.) The head kidney. See under Head .

Prong <Xpage=1147>

Prong (?) , n. [Cf. D. prangen to pinch, press, LG. prange a stick, or W. procio to thrust, E. prowl , pang .]

1. A sharp-pointed instrument.

Prick it on a prong of iron. Sandys.

2. The tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two or three prongs .

3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A sharp projection, as of an antler. (b) The fang of a tooth.

Prongbuck <Xpage=1147>

Prong"buck` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The springbuck. (b) The pronghorn.

Pronged <Xpage=1147>

Pronged (?) , a. Having prongs or projections like the tines of a fork; as, a three- pronged fork .

Prong-hoe <Xpage=1147>

Prong"-hoe` (?) , n. A hoe with prongs to break the earth.

Pronghorn <Xpage=1147>

Prong"horn` (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) An American antelope ( Antilocapra Americana ), native of the plain near the Rocky Mountains. The upper parts are mostly yellowish brown; the under parts, the sides of the head and throat, and the buttocks, are white. The horny sheath of the horns is shed annually. Called also cabr\'82e , cabut , prongbuck , and pronghorned antelope .

Pronity <Xpage=1147>

Pro"ni*ty (?) , n. [L. pronitas .] Proneness; propensity. [R.]

Dr. H. More.

Pronominal <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nom"i*nal (?) , a. [L. pronominalis : cf. F. pronominal . See Pronoun .] Belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a pronoun.

Pronominalize <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nom"i*nal*ize (?) , v. t. To give the effect of a pronoun to; as, to pronominalize the substantives person , people , etc .

Early.

Pronominally <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nom"i*nal*ly , adv. In a pronominal manner<?/ with the nature or office of a pronoun; as a pronoun.

Prononc\'82 <Xpage=1147>

Pro`non`c\'82" (?) , a. [F. See Pronounce .] Strongly marked; decided, as in manners, etc.

Pronotary <Xpage=1147>

Pro*no"ta*ry (?) , n. See Prothonotary .

Pronotum <Xpage=1147>

Pro*no"tum (?) , n. ; pl. Pronota (#) . [NL. See Pro- , and Notum .] (Zo\'94l.) The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects. See Illust . of Coleoptera .

Pronoun <Xpage=1147>

Pro"noun (?) , n. [Pref. pro- + noun : cf. F. pronom , L. pronomen . See Noun .] (Gram.) A word used instead of a noun or name, to avoid the repetition of it. The personal pronouns in English are I , thou or you , he , she , it , we , ye , and they . <-- accusatives? me, them, us -->

Pronounce <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nounce" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Pronounced (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Pronounging (?) .] [F. prononcer , L. pronunciare ; pro before, forth + nunciare , nuntiare , to announce. See Announce .]

1. To utter articulately; to speak out or distinctly; to utter, as words or syllables; to speak with the proper sound and accent as, adults rarely learn to pronounce a foreign language correctly .

2. To utter officially or solemnly; to deliver, as a decree or sentence; as, to pronounce sentence of death .

Sternly he pronounced The rigid interdiction. Milton.

3. To speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; to recite; as, to pronounce an oration .

Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you. Shak.

4. To declare or affirm; as, he pronounced the book to be a libel; he pronounced the act to be a fraud.

The God who hallowed thee and blessed, Pronouncing thee all good. Keble.

Syn. -- To deliver; utter; speak. See Deliver .

Pronounce <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nounce" , v. i.

1. To give a pronunciation; to articulate; as, to pronounce faultlessly .

Earle.

2. To make declaration; to utter on opinion; to speak with confidence. [R.]

Dr. H. More.

Pronounce <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nounce" , n. Pronouncement; declaration; pronunciation. [Obs.]

Milton.

Pronounceable <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nounce"a*ble (?) , a. [Cf. L. pronunciabilis declarative.] Capable of being pronounced.

Pronounced <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nounced" (?) , a. [F. prononc\'82 .] Strongly marked; unequivocal; decided. [A Gallicism]

[His] views became every day more pronounced . Thackeray.

Pronouncement <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nounce"ment (?) , n. The act of pronouncing; a declaration; a formal announcement.

Pronouncer <Xpage=1147>

Pro*noun"cer (?) , n. One who pronounces, utters, or declares; also, a pronouncing book.

Pronouncing <Xpage=1147>

Pro*noun"cing (?) , a. Pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; as, a pronouncing dictionary .

Pronubial <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nu"bi*al (?) , a. [L. pronuba bridesmaid; pro before + nubere to marry.] Presiding over marriage. [R.]

Pronucleus <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nu"cle*us (?) , n. ; pl. Pronuclei (-&imac;) . [NL. See Pro- , and Nucleus .] (Biol.) One of the two bodies or nuclei (called male and female pronuclei ) which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus of an impregnated ovum.

&hand; In the maturing of the ovum preparatory to impregnation, a part of the germinal vesicle (see Polar body , under Polar ) becomes converted into a number of small vesicles, which aggregate themselves into a single clear nucleus. which travels towards the center of the egg and is called the female pronucleus . In impregnation, the spermatozo\'94n which enters the egg soon loses its tail, while the head forms a nucleus, called the male pronucleus , which gradually travels towards the female pronucleus and eventually fuses with it, forming the first segmentation nucleus.

Pronuncial <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nun"cial (?) , a. Of or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciative.

Pronunciamento <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nun`ci*a*men"to (?) , n. A proclamation or manifesto; a formal announcement or declaration.

Pronunciamiento <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nun`ci*a`mi"en"to (?) , n. [Sp. See Pronounce .] See Pronunciamento .

Pronunciation <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nun`ci*a"tion (?; 277) , n. [F. pronunciation , L. pronunciatio . See Pronounce .]

1. The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the proper sound and accent; utterance; as, the pronunciation of syllables of words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation .

2. The mode of uttering words or sentences.

3. (Rhet.) The art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with propriety and gracefulness; -- now called delivery .

J. Q. Adams.

Pronunciative <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nun"ci*a*tive (?) , a. [L. pronunciativus .]

1. Of or pertaining to pronunciation.

2. Uttering confidently; dogmatical. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Pronunciator <Xpage=1147>

Pro*nun"ci*a`tor (?) , n. [L., a reciter.] One who pronounces; a pronouncer.

<page="1148"> Page 1148

Pronunciatory <Xpage=1148>

Pro*nun"ci*a*to*ry (?) , a. Of or pertaining to pronunciation; that pronounces.

Proof <Xpage=1148>

Proof (?) , n. [OF. prove , proeve , F. preuve , fr. L. proba , fr. probare to prove. See Prove .]

1. Any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.

For whatsoever mother wit or art Could work, he put in proof . Spenser.

You shall have many proofs to show your skill. Ford.

Formerly, a very rude mode of ascertaining the strength of spirits was practiced, called the proof . Ure.

2. That degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments that induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration.

I'll have some proof . Shak.

It is no proof of a man's understanding to be able to confirm whatever he pleases. Emerson.

&hand; Properly speaking, proof is the effect or result of evidence, evidence is the medium of proof. Cf. Demonstration , 1.

3. The quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or hardness that resists impression, or does not yield to force; impenetrability of physical bodies.

4. Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken.

5. (Print.) A trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination; -- called also proof sheet .

6. (Math.) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Cf. Prove , v. t. , 5.

7. Armor of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable; properly, armor of proof . [Obs.]

Shak.

Artist's proof , a very early proof impression of an engraving, or the like; -- often distinguished by the artist's signature. -- Proof reader , one who reads, and marks correction in, proofs. See def. 5, above.

Syn. -- Testimony; evidence; reason; argument; trial; demonstration. See Testimony .

Proof <Xpage=1148>

Proof , a.

1. Used in proving or testing; as, a proof load, or proof charge .

2. Firm or successful in resisting; as, proof against harm; water proof ; bomb proof .

I . . . have found thee Proof against all temptation. Milton.

This was a good, stout proof article of faith. Burke.

3. Being of a certain standard as to strength; -- said of alcoholic liquors. <-- in the United States, "proof" is a measure of alcohol concentration expressed as percent of the concentration of "proof spirit" defined below, i.e. a beverage of 100 proof is 50% alcohol by volume. -->

Proof charge (Firearms) , a charge of powder and ball, greater than the service charge, fired in an arm, as a gun or cannon, to test its strength. -- Proof impression . See under Impression . -- Proof load (Engin.) , the greatest load than can be applied to a piece, as a beam, column, etc., without straining the piece beyond the elastic limit. -- Proof sheet . See Proof , n. , 5. -- Proof spirit (Chem.) , a strong distilled liquor, or mixture of alcohol and water, containing not less than a standard amount of alcohol. In the United States "proof spirit is defined by law to be that mixture of alcohol and water which contains one half of its volume of alcohol, the alcohol when at a temperature of 60&deg; Fahrenheit being of specific gravity 0.7939 referred to water at its maximum density as unity. Proof spirit has at 60&deg; Fahrenheit a specific gravity of 0.93353, 100 parts by volume of the same consisting of 50 parts of absolute alcohol and 53.71 parts of water," the apparent excess of water being due to contraction of the liquids on mixture. In England proof spirit is defined by Act 58, George III., to be such as shall at a temperature of 51&deg; Fahrenheit weigh exactly the <frac12x13/ part of an equal measure of distilled water. This contains 49.3 per cent by weight, or 57.09 by volume, of alcohol. Stronger spirits, as those of about 60, 70, and 80 per cent of alcohol, are sometimes called second , third , and fourth proof spirits respectively. -- Proof staff , a straight-edge used by millers to test the flatness of a stone. -- Proof stick (Sugar Manuf.) , a rod in the side of a vacuum pan, for testing the consistency of the sirup. -- Proof text , a passage of Scripture used to prove a doctrine. <-- proof coin or proof , a coin which has been specially struck, to produce the finest specimen of its type. Usually such coins are double-struck from polished dies, and the raised features are sometimes frosted. They thus have sharper features and more mirror-like fields than production coins (i.e. those coins struck for circulation); they are considered by coin collectors as the most desirable specimens of each coin, and usually sell at a premium to their corresponding production coins. -->

Proof-arm <Xpage=1148>

Proof`-arm" (?) , v. t. To arm with proof armor; to arm securely; as, to proof-arm herself . [R.]

Beau. & Fl.

Proofless <Xpage=1148>

Proof"less , a. Wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not proved. Boyle . -- Proof"less*ly , adv.

Proof-proof <Xpage=1148>

Proof"-proof` , a. Proof against proofs; obstinate in the wrong. "That might have shown to any one who was not proof-proof ."

Whateley.

Pro\'94stracum <Xpage=1148>

Pro*\'94s"tra*cum (?) , n. ; pl. Pro\'94straca (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ before + <?/ shell of a testacean.] (Zo\'94l.) The anterior prolongation of the guard of the phragmocone of belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods, whether horny or calcareous. See Illust . of Phragmocone .

Pro\'94tic <Xpage=1148>

Pro*\'94"tic (?) , a. [Pref. pro- + Gr. <?/, <?/, an ear.] (Anat.) In front of the auditory capsule; -- applied especially to a bone, or center of ossification, in the periotic capsule. -- n. A pro\'94tic bone.

Prop <Xpage=1148>

Prop (?) , n. A shell, used as a die. See Props .

Prop <Xpage=1148>

Prop (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Propped (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Propping .] [Akin to LG. & D. proppen to cram, stuff, thrust into, stop, G. pfropfen , Dan. proppe , Sw. proppa ; of uncertain origin, cf. G. pfropfen to graft, fr. L. propago set, layer of a plant, slip, shoot. Cf. 3d. Prop , Propagate .] To support, or prevent from falling, by placing something under or against; as, to prop up a fence or an old building ; ( Fig .) to sustain; to maintain; as, to prop a declining state .

Shak.

Till the bright mountains prop the incumbent sky. Pope.

For being not propp'd by ancestry. Shak.

I prop myself upon those few supports that are left me. Pope.

Prop <Xpage=1148>