Chapter 1177

Pol"lard , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Pollarded ; p. pr. & vb. n. Pollarding .] To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows .

Evelyn.

Pollax <Xpage=108>

Poll"ax` (?) , n. A poleax. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Polled <Xpage=108>

Polled (?) , a. Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the poll. Specifically: (a) Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut off. (b) Cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. "The polled bachelor." Beau. & Fl. (c) Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag. (d) Without horns; as, polled cattle; polled sheep.

Pollen <Xpage=108>

Pol"len (?) , n. [L. pollen fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr. <?/] 1. Fine bran or flour. [Obs.]

Bailey.

<-- p. 109 -->

2. (Bot.) The fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers. See Flower , and Illust . of Filament .

Pollen grain (Bot.) , a particle or call of pollen. -- Pollen mass , a pollinium. Gray . -- Pollen sac , a compartment of an anther containing pollen, -- usually there are four in each anther. -- Pollen tube , a slender tube which issues from the pollen grain on its contact with the stigma, which it penetrates, thus conveying, it is supposed, the fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule.

Pollenarious <Xpage=109>

Pol`len*a"ri*ous (?) , a. Consisting of meal or pollen.

Pollened <Xpage=109>

Pol"lened (?) , a. Covered with pollen.

Tennyson.

Polleniferous <Xpage=109>

Pol`len*if"er*ous (?) , a. [ Pollen + -ferous .] (Bot.) Producing pollen; polliniferous.

Pollenin <Xpage=109>

Pol"len*in (?) , n. [Cf. F. poll\'82nine .] (Chem.) A substance found in the pollen of certain plants. [R.]

Pollenize <Xpage=109>

Pol"len*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Pollenized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Pollenizing (?) .] To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen.

Poller <Xpage=109>

Poll"er (?) , n. [From Poll ] One who polls; specifically: (a) One who polls or lops trees. (b) One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.] (c) One who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Bacon . (d) One who registers voters, or one who enters his name as a voter.

Pollex <Xpage=109>

Pol"lex (?) , n. ; pl. Pollices (#) . [L., the thumb.] (Anat.) The first, or preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears the bastard wing.

Pollicate <Xpage=109>

Pol"li*cate (?) , a. [L. pollex , pollicis , a thumb.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg joint; -- said of insects.

Pollicitation <Xpage=109>

Pol*lic`i*ta"tion (?) , n. [L. pollicitatio , fr. pollicitari to promise, v. intens. fr. polliceri to promise: cf. F. pollicitation .] 1. A voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise.

Bp. Burnet.

2. (Roman Law) A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not been accepted by the person to whom it is made.

Bouvier.

Pollinate <Xpage=109>

Pol"li*nate (?) , a. (Zo\'94l.) Pollinose.

Pollinate <Xpage=109>

Pol"li*nate (?) , v. t. (Bot.) To apply pollen to (a stigma). -- Pol`li*na"tion (#) , n. (Bot.)

Pollinctor <Xpage=109>

Pol*linc"tor (?) , n. [L., fr. pollingere .] (Rom. Antiq.) One who prepared corpses for the funeral. <-- undertaker, funeral director -->

Polling <Xpage=109>

Poll"ing (?) , n. [See Poll the head.] 1. The act of topping, lopping, or cropping, as trees or hedges.

2. Plunder, or extortion. [Obs.]

E. Hall.

3. The act of voting, or of registering a vote.

Polling booth , a temporary structure where the voting at an election is done; a polling place.

Polliniferous <Xpage=109>

Pol`li*nif"er*ous (?) , a. [L. pollen , -inis , pollen + -ferous : cf. F. pollinif\'8are .] (Bot.) Producing pollen; polleniferous.

Pollinium <Xpage=109>

Pol*lin"i*um (?) , n. ; pl. Pollinia (#) . [ NL . See Pollen .] (Bot.) A coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids.

Pollinose <Xpage=109>

Pol"li*nose` (?) , a. [L. pollen , -inis , dust.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the surface covered with a fine yellow dust, like pollen.

Polliwig, Polliwog <Xpage=109>

Pol"li*wig (?) , Pol"li*wog (?) , n. [OE. polwigle . Cf. Poll head, and Wiggle .] (Zo\'94l.) A tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle .

Pollock <Xpage=109>

Pol"lock (?) , n. [See Pollack .] (Zo\'94l.) A marine gadoid fish ( Pollachius carbonarius ), native both of the European and American coasts. It is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. In England it is called coalfish , lob , podley , podling , pollack , etc.

Pollucite <Xpage=109>

Pol"lu*cite (?) , n. [See Pollux , and 4th Castor .] (Min.) A colorless transparent mineral, resembling quartz, occurring with castor or castorite on the island of Elba. It is a silicate of alumina and c\'91sia. Called also pollux .

Pollute <Xpage=109>

Pol*lute" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Polluted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Polluting .] [L. pollutus , p. p. of polluere to defile, to pollute, from a prep. appearing only in comp. + luere to wash. See Position , Lave .] 1. To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement.

The land was polluted with blood. Ps. cvi. 38

Wickedness . . . hath polluted the whole earth. 2 Esd. xv. 6.

2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor.

3. (Jewish Law) To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse.

Neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die. Num. xviii. 32.

They have polluted themselves with blood. Lam. iv. 14.

Syn. -- To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate; debauch; dishonor; ravish.

Pollute <Xpage=109>

Pol*lute" , a. [L. pollutus .] Polluted. [R.]

Milton.

Polluted <Xpage=109>

Pol*lut"ed , a. Defiled; made unclean or impure; debauched. -- Pol*lut"ed*ly , adv. -- Pol*lut"ed*ness , n.

Polluter <Xpage=109>

Pol*lut"er (?) , n. One who pollutes.

Dryden.

Polluting <Xpage=109>

Pol*lut"ing , a. Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or pollution. -- Pol*lut"ing*ly , adv.

Pollution <Xpage=109>

Pol*lu"tion (?) , n. [L. pollutio : cf. F. pollution .] 1. The act of polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense of the verb); defilement; uncleanness; impurity.

2. (Med.) The emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in sexual intercourse.

Dunglison.

Pollux <Xpage=109>

Pol"lux (?) , n. [L., the twin brother of castor; also, the constellation.] 1. (Astron.) A fixed star of the second magnitude, in the constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d Castor .

2. (Min.) Same as Pollucite .

Polly <Xpage=109>

Pol"ly (?) , n. A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot.

Pollywog <Xpage=109>

Pol"ly*wog (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A polliwig.

Polo <Xpage=109>

Po"lo (?) , n. [Of Eastern origin; -- properly, the ball used in the game.] 1. A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the players on horseback.

2. A similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates.

Polonaise <Xpage=109>

Po`lo*naise" (?) , a. [F. polonais , polonaise , Polish.] Of or pertaining to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written also Polonese .]

Polonaise <Xpage=109>

Po`lo*naise" (?) , n. [Written also Polonese and Polonoise .] 1. The Polish language.

2. An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer skirt in one piece.

3. (Mus.) A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to such music; a polacca.

Polonese <Xpage=109>

Po`lo*nese" (?) , a. & n. See Polonaise .

Polony <Xpage=109>

Po*lo"ny (?) , n. [Prob. corrupt. fr. Bologna .] A kind of sausage made of meat partly cooked.

Polron <Xpage=109>

Pol"ron (?) , n. See Pauldron .

Polt <Xpage=109>

Polt (?) , n. [Cf. E. pelt , L. pultare to beat, strike.] A blow or thump. Halliwell . -- a. Distorted.

Pot foot , a distorted foot.

Sir T. Herbert.

Polt-foot, Polt-footed <Xpage=109>

Polt"-foot` (?) , Polt"-foot`ed (?) , a. Having a distorted foot, or a clubfoot or clubfeet.

B. Jonson.

Poltroon <Xpage=109>

Pol*troon" (?) , n. [F. poltron , from It. poltrone an idle fellow, sluggard, coward, poltro idle, lazy, also, bed, fr. OHG. polstar , bolstar , cushion, G. polster , akin to E. bolster . See Bolster .] An arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch.

Shak.

Poltroon <Xpage=109>

Pol*troon" , a. Base; vile; contemptible; cowardly.

Poltroonery <Xpage=109>

Pol*troon"er*y (?) , n. [F. poltronnerie ; cf. It. poltroneria .] Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity.

Poltroonish <Xpage=109>

Pol*troon"ish , a. Resembling a poltroon; cowardly.

Polverine <Xpage=109>

Pol"ve*rine (?) , n. [It. polverino , fr. polvere <?/ ust, L. pulvis , -veris . See Powder .] Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash, brought from the Levant and Syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine glass.

Polwig <Xpage=109>

Pol"wig (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) A polliwig. Holland .

Poly- <Xpage=109>

Pol"y- (?) . [See Full , a. ] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poly`s , many ; as, poly gon, a figure of many angles; poly atomic, having many atoms; poly chord, poly conic.

Poly <Xpage=109>

Po"ly (?) , n. [L. polium , the name of a plant, perhaps Teucrium polium , Gr. <?/.] (Bot.) A whitish woolly plant ( Teucrium Polium ) of the order Labiat\'91 , found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name, with sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of the same genus. [Spelt also poley .]

Poly mountain . See Poly-mountain , in Vocabulary.

Polyacid <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*ac"id (?) , a. [ Poly- + acid .] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; -- said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are polyacid bases .

Polyacoustic <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*a*cous"tic (?) , a. [ Poly- + acoustic : cf. F. polyacoustique .] Multiplying or magnifying sound. -- n. A polyacoustic instrument.

Polyacoustics <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*a*cous"tics (?) , n. The art of multiplying or magnifying sounds.

Polyacron <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*a"cron (?) , n. ; pl. Polyacra (#) , E. Polyacrons (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + 'a`kron summit.] (Geom.) A solid having many summits or angular points; a polyhedron.

Polyactin</a <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*ac*tin"<?/*a (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Poly- , and Actinia .] (Zo\'94l.) An old name for those Anthozoa which, like the actinias, have numerous simple tentacles.

Polyadelphia <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*a*del"phi*a (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ many + <?/ brother.] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of plants having stamens united in three or more bodies or bundles by the filaments.

Polyadelphian, Polyadelphous <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*a*del"phi*an (?) , Pol`y*a*del"phous (?) , a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Polyadelphia; having stamens united in three or more bundles.

Polyandria <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*an"dri*a (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Polyandry .] (Bot.) A Linn\'91an class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

Polyandrian <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*an"dri*an (?) , a. (Bot.) Polyandrous.

Polyandric <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*an"dric (?) , a. [Cf. polyandrique .] Pertaining to, or characterized by, polyandry; mating with several males. " Polyandric societies."

H. Spencer.

Polyandrous <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*an"drous (?) , a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Polyandria; having many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle.

Polyandry <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*an"dry (?) , n. [ Poly- + Gr. <?/, <?/, man, male: cf. F. polyandrie .] The possession by a woman of more than one husband at the same time; -- contrasted with monandry .

&hand; In law, this falls under the head of polygamy.

Polyanthus <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*an"thus (?) , n. ; pl. Polyanthuses (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ rich in flowers; <?/ many + <?/ flower.] [Written also polyanthos .] (Bot.) (a) The oxlip. So called because the peduncle bears a many-flowered umbel. See Oxlip . (b) A bulbous flowering plant of the genus Narcissus ( N. Tazetta , or N. polyanthus of some authors). See Illust . of Narcissus .

Polyarchist <Xpage=109>

Pol"y*ar`chist (?) , n. One who advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to monarchist .

Cudworth.

Polyarchy <Xpage=109>

Pol"y*ar`chy (?) , n. [ Poly- + -archy : cf. F. polyarchie. Cf. Polarchy .] A government by many persons, of whatever order or class.

Cudworth.

Polyatomic <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*a*tom"ic (?) , a. [ Poly- + atomic .] (Chem.) (a) Having more than one atom in the molecule; consisting of several atoms. (b) Having a valence greater than one. [Obs.]

Polyautography <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy (?) , n. [ Poly- + autography .] The act or practice of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by printing from stone, -- a species of lithography.

Polybasic <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*ba"sic (?) , a. [ Poly- + basic .] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or of combining with, several molecules of a monacid base; having several hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; -- said of certain acids; as, sulphuric acid is polybasic .

Polybasite <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*ba"site (?) , n. [See Polybasic .] (Min.) An iron-black ore of silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper and arsenic.

Polybranchia <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*bran"chi*a (?) , n. pl. [NL. See Poly- , and Branchia .] (Zo\'94l.) A division of Nudibranchiata including those which have numerous branchi\'91 on the back.

Polybromide <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*bro"mide (?) , n. [ Poly- + bromide .] (Chem.) A bromide containing more than one atom of bromine in the molecule.

Polycarpellary <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry (?) , a. (Bot.) Composed of several or numerous carpels; -- said of such fruits as the orange.

Polycarpic, Polycarpous <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*car"pic (?) , Pol`y*car"pous (?) , a. [ Poly- + Gr. <?/ fruit.] (Bot.) (a) Bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after year. (b) Having several pistils in one flower.

Polych\'91ta <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*ch\'91"ta (?) , n. pl. [NL., from Gr. <?/ many + <?/ hair.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the two principal groups of Ch\'91topoda. It includes those that have prominent parapodia and fascicles of set\'91. See Illust . under Parapodia .

Polychloride <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*chlo"ride (?) , n. [ Poly- + chloride .] (Chem.) A chloride containing more than one atom of chlorine in the molecule.

Polych\'d2rany <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*ch\'d2r"a*ny (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ wide-ruling.] A government by many chiefs, princes, or rules. [Obs.]

Cudworth.

Polychord <Xpage=109>

Pol"y*chord (?) , a. [Gr. <?/; <?/ many + <?/ string, cord.] Having many strings.

Polychord <Xpage=109>

Pol"y*chord , n. (Mus.) (a) A musical instrument of ten strings. (b) An apparatus for coupling two octave notes, capable of being attached to a keyed instrument.

Polychrest <Xpage=109>

Pol"y*chrest (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ useful for many purposes; <?/ many + <?/ useful, fr. <?/ to use: cf. F. polychreste .] (Med.) A medicine that serves for many uses, or that cures many diseases. [Obs.]

Polychrest salt (Old Med. Chem.) , potassium sulphate, specifically obtained by fusing niter with sulphur.

Polychroism <Xpage=109>

Pol"y*chro*ism (?) , n. [ Poly- + Gr. <?/ color.] Same as Pleochroism .

Polychroite <Xpage=109>

Pol"y*chro*ite (?) , n. [ Poly- + Gr. <?/ color: cf. F. polychro\'8bte .] (Chem.) The coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because of the change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called also crocin , and safranin .

Polychromate <Xpage=109>

Pol`y*chro"mate (?) , n. [See Polychromic .] (Chem.) A salt of a polychromic acid.

Polychromate <Xpage=109>