Chapter 1142

Phe"nyl (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ to bring to light + -yl : cf. F. ph\'82nyle . So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical ( C6H5 ) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives.

Phenyl hydrate (Chem.) , phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenyl hydrazine (Chem.) , a nitrogenous base ( C6H5.N2H3 ) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds.

Phenylamine <Xpage=1076>

Phe`nyl*am"ine (?) , n. [ Phenyl + amine .] (Chem.) Any one of certain class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the substitution of phenyl for hydrogen.

Phenylene <Xpage=1076>

Phe"nyl*ene (?) , n. (Chem.) A hypothetic radical ( C6H4 ) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine .

Phenylic <Xpage=1076>

Phe*nyl"ic (?) , a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, phenyl.

Phenylic alcohol (Chem.) , phenol.

Pheon <Xpage=1076>

Phe"on (?) , n. [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.) A bearing representing the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on the inner edge.

Phial <Xpage=1076>

Phi"al (?) , n. [F. fiole , L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, Gr. <?/. cf. Vial .] A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle for medicines; a vial.

Phial <Xpage=1076>

Phi"al , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Phialed (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing .] To put or keep in, or as in, a phial.

Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. Shenstone.

Philabeg <Xpage=1076>

Phil"a*beg (?) , n. See Filibeg .

Philadelphian <Xpage=1076>

Phil`a*del"phi*an (?) , a. [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s brother.] Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania.

Philadelphian <Xpage=1076>

Phil`a*del"phi*an , n. 1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia.

2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth century, -- called also the Family of Love .

Tatler.

Philalethist <Xpage=1076>

Phil`a*le"thist (?) , n. [ Philo- + Gr. <?/ truth.] A lover of the truth. [Obs.]

Brathwait.

Philander <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lan"der (?) , v. i. [Gr. <?/ fond of men; <?/ loving + <?/ man.] To make love to women; to play the male flirt.

You can't go philandering after her again. G. Eliot.

Philander <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lan"der , n. A lover. [R.]

Congreve.

Philander <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lan"der , n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A South American opossum ( Didelphys philander ). (b) An Australian bandicoot ( Perameles lagotis ).

Philanderer <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lan"der*er (?) , n. One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.]

C. Kingsley.

Philanthrope <Xpage=1076>

Phil"an*thrope (?) , n. [F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.]

R. North.

Philanthropic, Philanthropical <Xpage=1076>

Phil`an*throp"ic (?) , Phil`an*throp"ic*al (?) , a. [Cf. F. philanthropique .] Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic enterprise . -- Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly , adv.

Philanthropinism <Xpage=1076>

Phil`an*throp"i*nism (?) , n. A system of education on so-called natural principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of Dessau.

Philanthropinist <Xpage=1076>

Phil`an*throp"i*nist (?) , n. An advocate of, or believer in, philanthropinism.

Philanthropist <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lan"thro*pist (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ loving + <?/ man: cf. F. philanthrope .] One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, and seeks to promote the good of others.

<-- esp. a wealthy individual who donates large amounts of money to charitable or philanthropic causes -->

Philanthropistic <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic (?) , a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a philanthropist. [R.]

Carlyle.

Philanthropy <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lan"thro*py (?) , n. [L. philanthropia , Gr. <?/: cf. F. philanthropie .] Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all men; -- opposed to misanthropy .

Jer. Taylor.

<-- (2) active effort to promote human welfare; humanitarian activity. [i.e., an action, not merely a state of mind] -->

<-- 2. an organization whose purpose is to engage in philanthropy(2), and is supported by funds from one or a small number of wealthy individuals; a type of charity, the source of whose funds is typically from a wealthy individual or a corporation, or a trust fund established by a wealthy individual. It is distinguished from other charitable organizations in that the source of funds of other charities may come from a large number of sources, or from public solicitation. -->

Philatelic <Xpage=1076>

Phil`a*tel"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to philately.

Philatelist <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lat"e*list (?) , n. One versed in philately; one who collects postage stamps.

Philately <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lat"e*ly (?) , n. [ Philo- + Gr. <?/ exemption from tax; cf. frank to send free.] The collection of postage stamps of various issues.

Philatory <Xpage=1076>

Phil"a*to*ry (?) , n. [OF. filatiere , philatiere . See Phylactery .] (Eccl.) A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top.

Philauty <Xpage=1076>

Phil"au*ty (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ loving + <?/ self.] Self-love; selfishness. [Obs.]

Beaumont.

Philharmonic <Xpage=1076>

Phil`har*mon"ic (?) , a. [ Philo- + Gr. <?/ harmony: cf. F. philharmonique .] Loving harmony or music.

Philhellene <Xpage=1076>

Phil*hel"lene (?) , n. A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a philhellenist.

Emerson.

Philhellenic <Xpage=1076>

Phil`hel*len"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to philhellenism.

Philhellenism <Xpage=1076>

Phil*hel"len*ism (?) , n. Love of Greece.

Philhellenist <Xpage=1076>

Phil*hel"len*ist , n. [ Philo- + Gr. <?/ a Greek: cf. F. philhell\'8ane .] A friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence against the Turks; a philhellene.

Philibeg <Xpage=1076>

Phil"i*beg (?) , n. See Filibeg . [Scot.]

Philip <Xpage=1076>

Phil"ip (?) , n. [So called from their notes.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The European hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip . [Prov. Eng.]

Philippian <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lip"pi*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient Macedonia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Philippi.

Philippic <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lip"pic (?) , n. [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ Philip, <?/ fond of horses: cf. F. philippique .] 1. Any one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon.

2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious invective.

Philippium <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lip"pi*um (?) , n. [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.) A rare and doubtful metallic element said to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite. <-- no such element -->

Philippize <Xpage=1076>

Phil"ip*pize (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Philippized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Philippizing .] [Gr. <?/ to be on Philip's side.] 1. To support or advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon.

2. [See Philippic .] To write or speak in the style of a philippic.

Philister <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lis"ter (?) , n. [G.] A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen by students in German universities. <-- in sense 3 -->

Philistine <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lis"tine (?) , n. [L. Philistinus , Heb. Phlishth\'c6 , pl. Phlishth\'c6m .] 1. A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of southern Palestine.

2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.]

Swift.

3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent]

M. Arnold.

Philistine <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lis"tine , a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines.

2. Uncultured; commonplace.

Philistinism <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lis"tin*ism (?) , n. The condition, character, aims, and habits of the class called Philistines. See Philistine , 3. [Recent]

Carlyle.

On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism . M. Arnold.

Phillipsite <Xpage=1076>

Phil"lips*ite (?) , n. [So named after John Phillips , an English mineralogist.] (Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, often cruciform in shape; -- called also christianite . <-- sic. no (b) in original! -->

Phillygenin <Xpage=1076>

Phil*lyg"e*nin (?) , n. [ Philly rin + -gen + -in .] (Chem.) A pearly crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin.

Phillyrea <Xpage=1076>

Phil*lyr"e*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/, <?/.] (Bot.) A genus of evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and breading a fruit resembling that of the olive.

Phillyrin <Xpage=1076>

Phil"ly*rin (?) , n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a febrifuge.

Philo- <Xpage=1076>

Philo- . A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving , fond of , attached to ; as, philo sophy, philo technic .

Philogynist <Xpage=1076>

Phi*log"y*nist (?) , n. [See Philogyny .] A lover or friend of women; one who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to misogynist .

Philogyny <Xpage=1076>

Phi*log"y*ny (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; <?/ loving + <?/ woman.] Fondness for women; uxoriousness; -- opposed to misogyny . [R.]

Byron.

Philohellenian <Xpage=1076>

Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an (?) , n. A philhellenist.

Philologer <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lol"o*ger (?) , n. [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr. <?/, originally, fond of talking; hence, fond of learning and literature; <?/ loving + <?/ speech, discourse.] A philologist.

Burton.

Philologian <Xpage=1076>

Phil`o*lo"gi*an (?) , n. A philologist. [R.]

Philological, Philologic <Xpage=1076>

Phil`o*log"ic*al (?) , Phil`o*log"ic (?) , a. [Cf. F. philologique .] Of or pertaining to philology. -- Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly , adv.

Philologist <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lol"o*gist (?) , n. One versed in philology.

Philologize <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lol"o*gize (?) , v. i. To study, or make critical comments on, language.

Evelyn.

Philologue <Xpage=1076>

Phil"o*logue (?) , n. [Cf. F. philologue .] A philologist. [R.]

Carlyle.

Philology <Xpage=1076>

Phi*lol"o*gy (?) , n. [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation, philology, Gr. <?/: cf. F. philologie . See Philologer .] 1. Criticism; grammatical learning. [R.]

Johnson.

2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of different tongues to one another, and historical development of languages; linguistic science.

&hand; Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, history, and antiquities.

3. A treatise on the science of language.

<page="1077"> Page 1077

Philomath <Xpage=1077>

Phil"o*math (?) , n. [Gr. <?/; fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning, fr. <?/, <?/, to learn.] A lover of learning; a scholar.

Chesterfield.

Philomathematic <Xpage=1077>

Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic (?) , n. A philomath.

Philomathic <Xpage=1077>

Phil`o*math"ic (?) , a. [Cf. F. philomathique .] 1. Of or pertaining to philomathy.

2. Having love of learning or letters.

Philomathy <Xpage=1077>

Phi*lom"a*thy (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, <?/.] The love of learning or letters.

Philomel <Xpage=1077>

Phil"o*mel (?) , n. Same as Philomela , the nightingale. [Poetic]

Milton. Cowper.

Philomela <Xpage=1077>

Phil`o*me"la (?) , n. [L. philomela , Gr. <?/, according to the legend, from <?/ Philomela (daughter of Pandion, king of Athens), who was changed into a nightingale.] 1. The nightingale; philomel.

Shak.

2. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of birds including the nightingales.

Philomene <Xpage=1077>

Phil"o*mene (?) , n. The nightingale. [Obs.]

Philomot <Xpage=1077>

Phil"o*mot (?) , a. [See Filemot .] Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.]

Addison.

Philomusical <Xpage=1077>

Phil`o*mu"sic*al (?) , a. [ Philo- + musical .] Loving music. [R.] Busby.

Philopena <Xpage=1077>

Phil`o*pe"na (?) , n. [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen , LG. vielliebken , or D. veelliebken , a philopena, literally, much loved; but influenced by Gr. <?/ a friend, and L. poena penalty, from an idea that the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.] A present or gift which is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; also, the game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine .]

&hand; One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next meeting wins the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten.

Philopolemic, Philopolemical <Xpage=1077>

Phil`o*po*lem"ic (?) , Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ fond of war, warlike; <?/ loving + <?/ war.] Fond of polemics or controversy. [R.]

Philoprogenitive <Xpage=1077>

Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive (?) , a. Having the love of offspring; fond of children.

Philoprogenitiveness <Xpage=1077>

Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness , n. [ Philo- + L. progenies offspring.] (Phren.) The love of offspring; fondness for children.

Philosophaster <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los"o*phas`ter (?) , n. [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus : cf. OF. philosophastre .] A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.]

Dr. H. More.

Philosophate <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los"o*phate (?) , v. i. [L. philosophatus , p.p. of philosophari to philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.]

Barrow.

Philosophation <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los`o*pha"tion (?) , n. Philosophical speculation and discussion. [Obs.]

Sir W. Petty.

Philosophe <Xpage=1077>

Phil"o*sophe (?) , n. [F., a philosopher.] A philosophaster; a philosopher. [R.]

Carlyle.

Philosopheme <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los"o*pheme (?) , n. [Gr. <?/, from <?/ to love knowledge.] A philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning. [R.]

This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian myths, is a philosopheme . Coleridge.

Philosopher <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los"o*pher (?) , n. [OE. philosophre , F. philosophe , L. philosophus , Gr. <?/; <?/ loving + <?/ wise. Cf. Philosophy .] 1. One who philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy.

Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him. Acts xvii. 18.

2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness.

3. An alchemist. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Philosopher's stone , an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold.

Philosophic, Philosophical <Xpage=1077>

Phil`o*soph"ic (?) , Phil`o*soph"ic*al (?) , a. [L. philosophicus : cf. F. philosophique .] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. -- Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly , adv.

Philosophism <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los"o*phism (?) , n. [Cf. F. philosophisme .] Spurious philosophy; the love or practice of sophistry.

Carlyle.

Philosophist <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los"o*phist (?) , n. [Cf. F. philosophiste .] A pretender in philosophy.

Philosophistic, Philosophistical <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los`o*phis"tic (?) , Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.]

Philosophize <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los"o*phize (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Philosophized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Philosophizing (?) .] To reason like a philosopher; to search into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and assign rational causes for their existence.

Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but philosophize he must. Sir W. Hamilton.

Philosophizer <Xpage=1077>

Phi*los"o*phi`zer (?) , n. One who philosophizes.

Philosophy <Xpage=1077>