Chapter 1139

Pet"ro- (?) . A combining form from Gr. <?/ a rock , <?/ a stone ; as, petro logy, petro glyphic .

Petrogale <Xpage=1073>

Pe*trog"a*le (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a rock + <?/ a weasel.] (Zo\'94l.) Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale , as the rock wallaby ( P. penicillata ).

Petroglyphic <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*glyph"ic (?) , a. Of or pertaining to petroglyphy.

Petroglyphy <Xpage=1073>

Pe*trog"ly*phy (?) , n. [ Petro + Gr. <?/ to carve.] The art or operation of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or stone.

Petrographic, Petrographical <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*graph"ic (?) , Pet`ro*graph"ic*al (?) , a. Pertaining to petrography.

Petrography <Xpage=1073>

Pe*trog"ra*phy (?) , n. [ Petro + -graphy .] 1. The art of writing on stone.

2. The scientific description of rocks; that department of science which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology.

Petrohyoid <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*hy"oid (?) , a. [ Petro + hyoid .] (Anat.) Pertaining to petrous, oe periotic, portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the petrohyoid muscles of the frog .

Petrol <Xpage=1073>

Pe*trol" (?) , n. Petroleum. [R.]

Petrolatum <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*la"tum (?) , n. (Chem. & Pharm.) A semisolid unctuous substance, neutral, and without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a substitute for fatty materials in ointments.

U. S. Pharm.

&hand; Petrolatum is the official name for the purified product. Cosmoline and vaseline are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but differing slightly in appearance and consistency or fusibility.

Petroleum <Xpage=1073>

Pe*tro"le*um (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F. p\'82trole . Cf. Petrify , and Oil .] Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, paraffin, etc.

Petroleum spirit , a volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of crude petroleum at a temperature of 170\'f8 Fahr., or below. The term is rather loosely applied to a considerable range of products, including benzine and ligroin. The terms petroleum ether , and naphtha , are sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc.

P\'82troleur, n. m. P\'82troleuse <Xpage=1073>

P\'82`tro`leur" (?) , n. m. P\'82`tro`leuse" (?) , n. f. [F.] One who makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes.

Petroline <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ro*line (?) , n. (Chem.) A paraffin obtained from petroleum from Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin.

Petrologic, Petrological <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*log"ic (?) , Pet`ro*log"ic*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to petrology.

Petrologically <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly , adv. According to petrology.

Petrologist <Xpage=1073>

Pe*trol"o*gist (?) , n. One who is versed in petrology.

Petrology <Xpage=1073>

Pe*trol"o*gy (?) , n. [ Petro + -logy .] 1. The department of science which is concerned with the mineralogical and chemical composition of rocks, and with their classification: lithology.

2. A treatise on petrology.

Petromastoid <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*mas"toid (?) , a. [ Petro + mastoid .] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic.

Petromyzont <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*my"zont (?) , n. [ Petro + Gr. <?/ to suck in.] (Zo\'94l.) A lamprey.

Petronel <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*nel (?) , n. [OF. petrinal , fr. peitrine , petrine , the breast, F. poitrine ; so called because it was placed against the breast in order to fire. See Poitrel .] A sort of hand cannon, or portable firearm, used in France in the 15th century.

Petrosal <Xpage=1073>

Pe*tro"sal (?) , a. [See Petrous .] (Anat.) (a) Hard; stony; petrous; as, the petrosal bone; petrosal part of the temporal bone. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or the corresponding part of the temporal bone.

Petrosal bone (Anat.) , a bone corresponding to the petrous portion of the temporal bone of man; or one forming more or less of the periotic capsule.

Petrosal <Xpage=1073>

Pe*tro"sal , n. (Anat.) (a) A petrosal bone. (b) The auditory capsule.

Owen.

Petrosilex <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*si"lex (?) , n. [ Petro + silex .] (Min.) Felsite.

Petrosilicious <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*si*li"cious (?) , a. Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex.

Petrostearine <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ro*ste"a*rine (?) , n. [ Petro + stearine .] A solid unctuous material, of which candles are made.

Petrous <Xpage=1073>

Pe"trous (?) , a. [L. petrosus , fr. petra a stone.] 1. Like stone; hard; stony; rocky; as, the petrous part of the temporal bone .

Hooper.

2. (Anat.) Same as Petrosal .

Pettichaps <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*chaps (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) See Pettychaps .

Petticoat <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*coat (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) [ Petty + coat .] A loose under-garment worn by women, and covering the body below the waist.

Petticoat government , government by women, whether in politics or domestic affairs. [Colloq.] -- Petticoat pipe (Locomotives) , a short, flaring pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize the draft.

Pettifog <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*fog (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Pettifogged (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Pettifogging (?) .] [ Petty + fog to pettifog.] To do a petty business as a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way. "He takes no money, but pettifogs gratis."

S. Butler.

Pettifog <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*fog , v. t. To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily; as, to pettifog a claim . [Colloq.]

Pettifogger <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*fog`ger (?) , n. A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer.

A pettifogger was lord chancellor. Macaulay.

Pettifoggery <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*fog`ger*y (?) , n. ; pl. - ies (<?/) . The practice or arts of a pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles.

Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries . Barrow.

Pettifogging <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*fog`ging (?) , a. Paltry; quibbling; mean.

Pettifogging <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*fog`ging , n. Pettifoggery.

Pettifogulize <Xpage=1073>

Pet`ti*fog"u*lize (?) , v. i. To act as a pettifogger; to use contemptible tricks.

De Quincey.

Pettily <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*ly , adv. In a petty manner; frivolously.

Pettiness <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*ness , n. The quality or state of being petty or paltry; littleness; meanness.

Pettish <Xpage=1073>

Pet"tish (?) , a. [From Pet .] Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious; inclined to ill temper. "A pettish kind of humor." Sterne . -- Pet"tish*ly , adv. -- Pet"tish*ness , n.

Pettitoes <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ti*toes (?) , n. pl. [ Petty + toes .] The toes or feet of a pig, -- often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet.

Shak.

Petto <Xpage=1073>

Pet"to (?) , n. [It., fr. L. pectus .] The breast.

In petto , in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve.

Petty <Xpage=1073>

Pet"ty (?) , a. [ Compar. Pettier (?) ; superl. Pettiest .] [OE. petit , F. petit ; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. piece . Cf. Petit .] Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; as, a petty fault; a petty prince.

Denham.

Like a petty god I walked about, admired of all. Milton.

Petty averages . See under Average . -- Petty cash , money expended or received in small items or amounts. -- Petty officer , a subofficer in the navy, as a gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned officer in the army.

&hand; For petty constable , petty jury , petty larceny , petty treason , See Petit .

Syn. -- Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling; trivial; unimportant; frivolous.

<page="1074"> Page 1074

Pettychaps <Xpage=1074>

Pet"ty*chaps (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of small European singing birds of the subfamily Sylviin\'91 , as the willow warbler, the chiff-chaff, and the golden warbler ( Sylvia hortensis ).

Pettywhin <Xpage=1074>

Pet"ty*whin (?) , n. [ Petty + whin .] (Bot.) The needle furze. See under Needle .

Petulance, Petulancy <Xpage=1074>

Pet"u*lance (?) , Pet"u*lan*cy (?) , n. [L. petulania : cf. F. p\'82tulance . See Petulant .] The quality or state of being petulant; temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill humor. "The petulancy of our words."

B. Jonson.

Like pride in some, and like petulance in others. Clarendon.

The lowering eye, the petulance , the frown. Cowper.

Syn. -- Petulance , Peevishness . -- Peevishness implies the permanence of a sour, fretful temper; petulance implies temporary or capricious irritation.

Petulant <Xpage=1074>

Pet"u*lant (?) , a. [L. petulans , -antis , prop., making slight attacks upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon, to attack: cf. F. p\'82tulant . See Petition .] 1. Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. [Obs.]

Burton.

2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill-natured freakishness; irritable. " Petulant moods."

Macaulay.

Syn. -- Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful; querulous.

Petulantly <Xpage=1074>

Pet"u*lant*ly , adv. In a petulant manner.

Petulcity <Xpage=1074>

Pe*tul"ci*ty (?) , n. [See Petulcous .] Wantonness; friskiness. [Obs.]

Bp. Hall.

Petulcous <Xpage=1074>

Pe*tul"cous (?) , a. [L. petulcus . Cf. Petulant .] Wanton; frisky; lustful. [Obs.]

J. V. Cane.

Petunia <Xpage=1074>

Pe*tu"ni*a (?) , n. [NL., fr. Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.) A genus of solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera , with reddish purple flowers, and P . nyctaginiflora , with white flowers. There are also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas.

Petunse, Petuntse, Petuntze <Xpage=1074>

Pe*tunse" , Pe*tuntse" , Pe*tuntze" (?) , n. [From Chinese.] Powdered fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain.

Petworth marble <Xpage=1074>

Pet"worth mar"ble (?) . A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden clay at Petworth, in Sussex, England; -- called also Sussex marble .

Petzite <Xpage=1074>

Petz"ite (?) , n. [From Petz , who analyzed it.] (Min.) A telluride of silver and gold, related to hessite.

Peucedanin <Xpage=1074>

Peu*ced"a*nin (?) , n. (Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance, extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort ( Peucedanum ), masterwort ( Imperatoria ), and other related plants; -- called also imperatorin .

Peucil <Xpage=1074>

Peu"cil (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ pine tree.] (Chem.) A liquid resembling camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime. [Written also peucyl .]

Pew <Xpage=1074>

Pew (?) , n. [OE. pewe , OF. puie parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr. L. podium an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony in the circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Gr. <?/, dim. of <?/, <?/, foot; -- hence the Latin sense of a raised place (orig. as a rest or support for the foot). See Foot , and cf. Podium , Poy .] 1. One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; -- sometimes called slip . Pews were originally made square, but are now usually long and narrow.

2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.]

Pepys. Milton.

Pew opener , an usher in a church. [Eng.]

Dickens.

Pew <Xpage=1074>

Pew , v. t. To furnish with pews. [R.]

Ash.

Pewee <Xpage=1074>

Pe"wee (?) , n. [So called from its note.] 1. (Zo\'94l.) A common American tyrant flycatcher ( Sayornis ph\'d2be , or S. fuscus ). Called also pewit , and ph\'d2be .

2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.]

Wood pewee (Zo\'94l.) , a bird ( Contopus virens ) similar to the pewee (See Pewee , 1), but of smaller size.

Pewet <Xpage=1074>

Pe"wet (?) , n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Pewit .

Pewfellow <Xpage=1074>

Pew"fel`low (?) , n. 1. One who occupies the same pew with another.

2. An intimate associate; a companion.

Shak.

Pewit <Xpage=1074>

Pe"wit (?) , n. [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit , D. kievit , G. kibitz .] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The lapwing. (b) The European black-headed, or laughing, gull ( Xema ridibundus ). See under Laughing . (c) The pewee. [Written also peevit , peewit , pewet .]

Pewter <Xpage=1074>

Pew"ter (?) , n. [OE. pewtyr , OF. peutre , peautre , piautre : cf. D. peauter , piauter , It. peltro , Sp. & Pg. peltre , LL. peutreum , pestrum . Cf. Spelter .] 1. A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth.

2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking vessels, tankards, pots.

&hand; Pewter was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior sorts contain a large proportion of lead.

Pewterer <Xpage=1074>

Pew"ter*er (?) , n. One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter; a pewtersmith.

Shak.

Pewtery <Xpage=1074>

Pew"ter*y (?) , a. Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery taste .

Pexity <Xpage=1074>

Pex"i*ty (?) , n. [L. pexitas , fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p.p. of pectere to comb.] Nap of cloth. [Obs.]

Peyer's glands <Xpage=1074>

Pey"er's glands` (?) . [So called from J.K. Peyer , who described them in 1677.] (Anat.) Pathches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the small intestiness; agminated glands; -- called also Peyer's patches . In typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the characteristic organic lesion of that disease.

Peytrel <Xpage=1074>

Pey"trel (?) , n. [OF. peitral . See Poitrel .] (Anc. Armor) The breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also peitrel .] See Poitrel . [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Peziza <Xpage=1074>

Pe*zi"za (?) , n. [NL., corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom, fr. Gr. <?/, fr. <?/, <?/, a foot.] (Bot.) A genus of fungi embracing a great number of species, some of which are remarkable for their regular cuplike form and deep colors.

Pezizoid <Xpage=1074>

Pez"i*zoid (?) , a. [ Peziza + -oid .] (Bot.) Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza; having a cuplike form.

Pfennig <Xpage=1074>

Pfen"nig (?) , n. ; pl. Pfennigs (#) , G. Pfennige (#) . [G. See Penny .] A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency.

Phacellus <Xpage=1074>

Pha*cel"lus (?) , n. ; pl. Phacelli (#) . [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a bundle of fagots.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the filaments on the inner surface of the gastric cavity of certain jellyfishes.

Phacochere <Xpage=1074>

Phac"o*chere (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ a lentil seed, a wart + <?/ a pig.] (Zo\'94l.) The wart hog.

Phacoid <Xpage=1074>

Pha"coid (?) , a. [Gr. <?/ a lentil + -oid .] Resembling a lentil; lenticular.

Phacolite <Xpage=1074>

Phac"o*lite (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ lentil + -lite .] (Min.) A colorless variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia.

Phacops <Xpage=1074>

Pha"cops (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a lentil + <?/, <?/, the eye.] (Paleon.) A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common species.

Ph\'91acian <Xpage=1074>

Ph\'91*a"cian (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the Ph\'91acians, a fabulous seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned by Homer.

Ph\'91nogam <Xpage=1074>

Ph\'91"no*gam (?) , n. (Bot.) Any plant of the class Ph\'91nogamia.

Ph\'91nogamia <Xpage=1074>

Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*a (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. <?/ to show + <?/ marriage.] (Bot.) The class of flowering plants including all which have true flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia.

Ph\'91nogamian, Ph\'91nogamic <Xpage=1074>

Ph\'91`no*ga"mi*an (?) , Ph\'91`no*gam"ic (?) , a. Same as Ph\'91nogamous .

Ph\'91nogamous <Xpage=1074>

Ph\'91*nog"a*mous (?) , a. (Bot.) Having true flowers with with distinct floral organs; flowering.

Ph\'91nomenon <Xpage=1074>

Ph\'91*nom"e*non (?) , n. [L.] See Phenomenon .

Ph\'91ospore <Xpage=1074>