Chapter 1137

Per`tur*ba"tion*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to the perturbations of the planets. "The perturbational theory."

Sir J. Herschel.

Perturbative <Xpage=1071>

Per"tur*ba*tive (?) , a. Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing.

Sir J. Herschel.

Perturbator <Xpage=1071>

Per"tur*ba`tor (?) , n. A perturber. [R.]

Perturbed <Xpage=1071>

Per*turbed" (?) , a. Agitated; disturbed; troubled. Shak. -- Per*turb"ed*ly , adv.

Perturber <Xpage=1071>

Per*turb"er (?) , n. One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause perturbation.

Pertusate <Xpage=1071>

Per*tus"ate (?) , a. [See Pertuse .] (Bot.) Pierced at the apex.

Pertuse, Pertused <Xpage=1071>

Per*tuse" (?) , Per*tused" (?) , a. [L. pertusus , p.p. of pertundere to beat or thrust through, to bore through; per + tundere to beat: cf. F. pertus . Cf. Pierce .] Punched; pierced with, or having, holes.

Pertusion <Xpage=1071>

Per*tu"sion (?) , n. [L. pertusio .] The act of punching or piercing with a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a vein . [R.]

Arbuthnot.

2. A punched hole; a perforation.

Bacon.

Pertussis <Xpage=1071>

Per*tus"sis (?) , n. [NL., fr. L. per through, very + tussis cough.] (Med.) The whooping cough.

Peruke <Xpage=1071>

Per"uke (?) , n. [F. perruque , It. perrucca , parrucca , fr. L. pilus hair. Cf. Periwig , Wig , Peel to strip off, Plush , Pile a hair.] A wig; a periwig.

Peruke <Xpage=1071>

Per"uke , v. t. To dress with a peruke. [R.]

Perula <Xpage=1071>

Per"u*la (?) , n. ; pl. Perul\'91 (#) . [L., dim. of pera wallet, Gr. <?/: cf. F. p\'82rule .] 1. (Bot.) One of the scales of a leaf bud.

2. (Bot.) A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides.

Perule <Xpage=1071>

Per"ule (?) , n. Same as Perula .

Perusal <Xpage=1071>

Pe*rus"al (?) , n. [From Peruse .] 1. The act of carefully viewing or examining. [R.]

Tatler.

2. The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care.

Woodward.

Peruse <Xpage=1071>

Pe*ruse" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Perused (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Perusing .] [Pref. per- + use .] 1. To observe; to examine with care. [R.]

Myself I then perused , and limb by limb Surveyed. Milton.

2. To read through; to read carefully.

Shak.

Peruser <Xpage=1071>

Pe*rus"er (?) , n. One who peruses.

Peruvian <Xpage=1071>

Pe*ru"vi*an (?) , a. [Cf. F. p\'82ruvien , Sp. peruviano .] Of or pertaining to Peru, in South America. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Peru.

Peruvian balsam . See Balsam of Peru , under Balsam . -- Peruvian bark , the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their compounds; -- called also Jesuit's bark , and cinchona . See Cinchona .

Pervade <Xpage=1071>

Per*vade" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Pervaded ; p. pr. & vb. n. Pervading .] [L. pervadere , pervasum ; per + vadere to go, to walk. See Per- , and Wade .] 1. To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or interstice; to permeate.

That labyrinth is easily pervaded . Blackstone.

2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused throughout.

A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their thoughts, words, and actions. Burke.

Pervasion <Xpage=1071>

Per*va"sion (?) , n. [L. pervasio . See Pervade .] The act of pervading, passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing.

Boyle.

Pervasive <Xpage=1071>

Per*va"sive (?) , a. Tending to pervade, or having power to spread throughout; of a pervading quality. "Civilization pervasive and general."

M. Arnold.

<page="1072"> Page 1072

Perverse <Xpage=1072>

Per*verse" (?) , a. [L. perversus turned the wrong way, not right, p.p. of pervertere to turn around, to overturn: cf. F. pervers . See Pervert .] 1. Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right; willfully erring; wicked; perverted.

The only righteous in a word perverse . Milton.

2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; vexing; contrary.

To so perverse a sex all grace is vain. Dryden.

Syn. -- Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable; intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. -- Perverse , Froward . One who is froward is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is perverse has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of contradiction to the will of others.

Perversed <Xpage=1072>

Per*versed" (?) , a. Turned aside. [Obs.]

Perversedly <Xpage=1072>

Per*vers"ed*ly (?) , adv. Perversely. [Obs.]

Perversely <Xpage=1072>

Per*verse"ly , adv. In a perverse manner.

Perverseness <Xpage=1072>

Per*verse"ness , n. The quality or state of being perverse. "Virtue hath some perverseness ."

Donne.

Perversion <Xpage=1072>

Per*ver"sion (?) , n. [L. perversio : cf. F. perversion . See Pervert .] The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change to something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong end or use. "Violations and perversions of the laws."

Bacon.

Perversity <Xpage=1072>

Per*ver"si*ty (?) , n. [L. perversitas : cf. F. perversit\'82 .] The quality or state of being perverse; perverseness.

Perversive <Xpage=1072>

Per*ver"sive (?) , a. Tending to pervert.

Pervert <Xpage=1072>

Per*vert" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Perverted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Perverting .] [F. pervertir , L. pervertere , perversum ; per + vertere to turn. See Per- , and Verse .] 1. To turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.]

Let's follow him, and pervert the present wrath. Shak.

2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to misinterpret designedly; as, to pervert one's words .

Dryden.

He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve. Milton.

Pervert <Xpage=1072>

Per*vert" , v. i. To become perverted; to take the wrong course. [R.]

Testament of Love.

Pervert <Xpage=1072>

Per"vert (?) , n. One who has been perverted; one who has turned to error, especially in religion; -- opposed to convert . See the Synonym of Convert .

That notorious pervert , Henry of Navarre. Thackeray.

Perverter <Xpage=1072>

Per*vert"er (?) , n. One who perverts (a person or thing). "His own parents his perverters ." South . "A perverter of his law." Bp. Stillingfleet .

Pervertible <Xpage=1072>

Per*vert"i*ble (?) , a. Capable of being perverted.

Pervestigate <Xpage=1072>

Per*ves"ti*gate (?) , v. t. [L. pervestigatus , p.p. of pervestigare .] To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.]

Pervestigation <Xpage=1072>

Per*ves`ti*ga"tion (?) , n. [L. pervestigatio .] Thorough investigation. [Obs.]

Chillingworth.

Pervial <Xpage=1072>

Per"vi*al (?) , a. [See Pervious .] Pervious. [Obs.] -- Per"vi*al*ly , adv. [Obs.]

Chapman.

Pervicacious <Xpage=1072>

Per`vi*ca"cious (?) , a. [L. pervicax , -acis .] Obstinate; willful; refractory. [Obs.] -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ly , adv. -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ness , n. [Obs.]

Pervicacity <Xpage=1072>

Per`vi*cac"i*ty (?) , n. Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.]

Bentley.

Pervicacy <Xpage=1072>

Per"vi*ca*cy (?) , n. [L. pervicacia .] Pervicacity. [Obs.]

Pervigilation <Xpage=1072>

Per*vig`i*la"tion (?) , n. [L. pervigilatio , fr. pervigilare .] Careful watching. [Obs.]

Pervious <Xpage=1072>

Per"vi*ous (?) , a. [L. pervis ; per + via a way. See Per- , and Voyage .] 1. Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or substance; permeable; as, a pervious soil .

[Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every way. Pope.

2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental vision. [R.]

God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye. Jer. Taylor.

3. Capable of penetrating or pervading. [Obs.]

Prior.

4. (Zo\'94l.) Open; -- used synonymously with perforate , as applied to the nostrils or birds.

Perviousness <Xpage=1072>

Per"vi*ous*ness , n. The quality or state of being pervious; as, the perviousness of glass .

Boyle.

Pervis <Xpage=1072>

Per"vis (?) , n. See Parvis .

Pery <Xpage=1072>

Per"y (?) , n. A pear tree. See Pirie . [Obs.]

Pes <Xpage=1072>

Pes (?) , n. ; pl. Pedes . [L., the foot.] (Anat.) The distal segment of the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot.

Pesade <Xpage=1072>

Pe*sade" (?) , n. [F.] (Man.) The motion of a horse when, raising his fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing; rearing.

Pesage <Xpage=1072>

Pes"age (?) , n. [F., fr. peser to weigh.] A fee, or toll, paid for the weighing of merchandise.

Pesane <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ane (?) , n. (Anc. Armor.) See Pusane .

Pesanted <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ant*ed (?) , a. [F. pesant heavy.] Made heavy or dull; debased. [Obs.] " Pesanted to each lewd thought's control."

Marston.

Peschito <Xpage=1072>

Pe*schit"o (?) , n. See Peshito .

Pese <Xpage=1072>

Pese (?) , n. [See Pea .] A pea. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Peseta <Xpage=1072>

Pe*se"ta (?) , n. [Sp.] A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos.

Peshito, Peshitto <Xpage=1072>

Pe*shit"o (?) , Pe*shit"to (?) , n. [Syriac pesh\'8ct\'83 simple.] The earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew; also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament. [Written also peschito .]

Pesky <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ky (?) , a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. Used also as an intensive. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.]

Judd.

Peso <Xpage=1072>

Pe"so (?) , n. [Sp.] A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, Colombian, etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a pound weight.

Pessary <Xpage=1072>

Pes"sa*ry (?) , n. ; pl. Pessaries (#) . [L. pessarium , pessum , pessus , Gr. <?/: cf. F. pessaire .] (Med.) (a) An instrument or device to be introduced into and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or remedy a malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus or mass, designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal suppository.

Pessimism <Xpage=1072>

Pes"si*mism (?) , n. [L. pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf. F. pessimisme . Cf. Impair .] 1. (Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the world is wholly evil; -- opposed to optimism .

2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things.

Pessimist <Xpage=1072>

Pes"si*mist (?) , n. [L. pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste .] 1. (Metaph.) One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed to optimist .

2. One who looks on the dark side of things.

Pessimist, Pessimistic <Xpage=1072>

Pes"si*mist (?) , Pes`si*mis"tic (?) , a. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding. "Giving utterance to pessimistic doubt."

Encyc. Brit.

Pessimistical <Xpage=1072>

Pes`si*mis"tic*al (?) , a. Pessimistic.

Pessimize <Xpage=1072>

Pes"si*mize (?) , v. i. To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism.

London Sat. Rev.

Pessulus <Xpage=1072>

Pes"su*lus (?) , n. ; pl. Pessuli (#) . [L., a bolt.] (Anat.) A delicate bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds.

Pest <Xpage=1072>

Pest (?) , n. [L. pestis : cf. F. peste .] 1. A fatal epidemic disease; a pestilence; specif., the plague.

England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest . Cowper.

2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance. "A pest and public enemy."

South.

Pestalozzian <Xpage=1072>

Pes`ta*loz"zi*an (?) , a. Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system of elementary education which combined manual training with other instruction, advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi (1746-1827), a Swiss teacher. -- n. An advocate or follower of the system of Pestalozzi.

Pestalozzianism <Xpage=1072>

Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism (?) , n. The system of education introduced by Pestalozzi.

Pester <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ter (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Pestered (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Pestering .] [Abbrev. fr. impester , fr. OF. empaistrier , empestrer , to entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. emp \'88 trer ; pref. em- , en- (L. in in) + LL. pastorium , pastoria , a fetter by which horses are prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging to a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See In , and Pasture , Pastor .] 1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty vexations.

We are pestered with mice and rats. Dr. H. More.

A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world. Dryden.

2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest. [Obs.]

Milton.

All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with fishes. Holland.

Pesterer <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ter*er (?) , n. One who pesters or harasses.

Pesterment <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ter*ment (?) , n. The act of pestering, or the state of being pestered; vexation; worry. "The trouble and pesterment of children."

B. Franklin.

Pesterous <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ter*ous (?) , a. Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; burdensome. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Pestful <Xpage=1072>

Pest"ful (?) , a. Pestiferous. "After long and pestful calms."

Coleridge.

Pesthouse <Xpage=1072>

Pest`house" (?) , n. A house or hospital for persons who are infected with any pestilential disease.

Pestiduct <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ti*duct (?) , n. [L. pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr. ducere to lead.] That which conveys contagion or infection. [Obs.]

Donne.

Pestiferous <Xpage=1072>

Pes*tif"er*ous (?) , a. [L. pestiferus , pestifer ; pestis pest + ferre to bear: cf. F. pestif\'8are .] 1. Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to health; malignant; infectious; contagious; as, pestiferous bodies . "Poor, pestiferous creatures begging alms." Evelyn . "Unwholesome and pestiferous occupations." Burke .

2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful; destructive; as, a pestiferous demagogue .

Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held. Shak.

Pestiferously <Xpage=1072>

Pes*tif"er*ous*ly , adv. In a pestiferuos manner.

Pestilence <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ti*lence (?) , n. [F. pestilence , L. pestilentia . See Pestilent .] 1. Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating.

The pestilence That walketh in darkness. Ps. xci. 6.

2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral character of great numbers.

I'll pour this pestilence into his ear. Shak.

Pestilence weed (Bot.) , the butterbur coltsfoot ( Petasites vulgaris ), so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague.

Dr. Prior.

Pestilent <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ti*lent (?) , a. [L. pestilens , -entis , fr. pestis pest: cf. F. pestilent .] Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous. "Corrupt and pestilent ." Milton . "What a pestilent knave is this same!"

Shak.

Pestilential <Xpage=1072>

Pes`ti*len"tial (?) , a. [Cf. F. pestilentiel .] 1. Having the nature or qualities of a pestilence. "Sends the pestilential vapors."

Longfellow.

2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive.

So pestilential , so infectious a thing is sin. Jer. Taylor.

Pestilentially <Xpage=1072>

Pes`ti*len"tial*ly , adv. Pestilently.

Pestilentious <Xpage=1072>

Pes`ti*len"tious (?) , a. Pestilential. [Obs.]

Pestilently <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ti*lent*ly (?) , adv. In a pestilent manner; mischievously; destructively. "Above all measure pestilently noisome."

Dr. H. More.

Pestilentness <Xpage=1072>

Pes"ti*lent*ness , n. The quality of being pestilent.

Pestilation <Xpage=1072>