Chapter 1135

3. (Theol.) Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance , and the perseverance of the saints . See Calvinism .

Syn. -- Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity.

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Perseverant <Xpage=1070>

Per`se*ver"ant (?) , a. [L. perseverans , -antis , p.pr.: cf. F. pers\'82v\'82rant .] Persevering. [R.] " Perseverant faith." Whitby . -- Per`se*ver"ant*ly , adv. [R.]

Persevere <Xpage=1070>

Per`se*vere" (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Persevered (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Persevering .] [F. pers\'82v\'82rer , L. perseverare , fr. perseverus very strict; per + severus strict, severe. See Per- , and Severe .] To persist in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what is undertaken.

Thrice happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright. Milton.

Syn. -- To Persevere , Continue , Persist . The idea of not laying aside is common to these words. Continue is the generic term, denoting simply to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to continue in a given course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our end. To persist is to continue from a determination of will not to give up. Persist is frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in pursuing an unworthy aim.

Persevering <Xpage=1070>

Per`se*ver"ing (?) , a. Characterized by perseverance; persistent. -- Per`se*ver"ing*ly , adv.

Persian <Xpage=1070>

Per"sian (?) , a. [From Persia : cf. It. Persiano . Cf. Parsee , Peach , Persic .] Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their language.

Persian berry , the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius , a kind of buckthorn, used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond. -- Persian cat . (Zo\'94l.) Same as Angora cat , under Angora . -- Persian columns (Arch.) , columns of which the shaft represents a Persian slave; -- called also Persians . See Atlantes . -- Persian drill (Mech.) , a drill which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally grooved drill holder. -- Persian fire (Med.) , malignant pustule. -- Persian powder . See Insect powder , under Insect . -- Persian red . See Indian red (a) , under Indian . -- Persian wheel , a noria; a tympanum. See Noria .

Persian <Xpage=1070>

Per"sian , n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Persia.

2. The language spoken in Persia.

3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings.

Beck.

4. pl. (Arch.) See Persian columns , under Persian , a.

Persic <Xpage=1070>

Per"sic (?) , a. [L. Persicus . Cf. Persian .] Of or relating to Persia. -- n. The Persian language.

Persicaria <Xpage=1070>

Per`si*ca"ri*a (?) , n. [NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See Peach .] (Bot.) See Lady's thumb .

Persicot <Xpage=1070>

Per"si*cot (?) , n. [F. See Peach .] A cordial made of the kernels of apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit.

Persiflage <Xpage=1070>

Per`si`flage" (?) , n. [F., fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per + siffler to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare , sifilare .] Frivolous or bantering talk; a frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether serious or otherwise; light raillery.

Hannah More.

Persifleur <Xpage=1070>

Per`si`fleur (?) , n. [F.] One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer; a quiz.

Carlyle.

Persimmon <Xpage=1070>

Per*sim"mon (?) , n. [Virginia Indian.] (Bot.) An American tree ( Diospyros Virginiana ) and its fruit, found from New York southward. The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes palatable and nutritious.

Japanese persimmon , Diospyros Kaki and its red or yellow edible fruit, which outwardly resembles a tomato, but contains a few large seeds.

Persis <Xpage=1070>

Per"sis (?) , n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of coloring matter obtained from lichens.

Persism <Xpage=1070>

Per"sism (?) , n. A Persian idiom.

Persist <Xpage=1070>

Per*sist" (?) , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Persisted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Persisting .] [L. persistere ; per + sistere to stand or be fixed, fr. stare to stand: cf. F. persister . See Per- , and Stand .] To stand firm; to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially, to continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives; to persevere; -- sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of doggedness or obstinacy.

If they persist in pointing their batteries against particular persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals. Addison.

Some positive, persisting fops we know, Who, if once wrong, will needs be always so. Pope.

That face persists . It floats up; it turns over in my mind. Mrs. Browning.

Syn. -- See Persevere , and Insist .

Persistence, Persistency <Xpage=1070>

Per*sist"ence (?) , Per*sist"en*cy (?) , n. [See Persistent .] 1. The quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality; hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy.

2. The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise to it is removed ; as: (a) (Physics) The persistence of motion . (b) (Physiol.) Visual persistence , or persistence of the visual impression; auditory persistence , etc .

Persistent <Xpage=1070>

Per*sist"ent (?) , a. [L. persistens , -entis , p.pr. of persistere . See Persist .] 1. Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious of position or purpose.

2. (Biol.) Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth or gills; a persistent calyx ; -- opposed to deciduous , and caducous .

Persistently <Xpage=1070>

Per*sist"ent*ly , adv. In a persistent manner.

Persisting <Xpage=1070>

Per*sist"ing , a. Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent. -- Per*sist"ing*ly , adv.

Persistive <Xpage=1070>

Per*sist"ive (?) , a. See Persistent .

Shak.

Persolve <Xpage=1070>

Per*solve" (?) , v. t. [L. persolvere .] To pay wholly, or fully. [Obs.]

E. Hall.

Person <Xpage=1070>

Per"son (?) , n. [OE. persone , persoun , person , parson , OF. persone , F. personne , L. persona a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a person, fr. personare to sound through; per + sonare to sound. See Per- , and cf. Parson .] 1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character. [Archaic]

His first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant or juggler. Bacon.

No man can long put on a person and act a part. Jer. Taylor.

To bear rule, which was thy part And person , hadst thou known thyself aright. Milton.

How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate and that of a friend! South.

2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of comely person .

A fair persone , and strong, and young of age. Chaucer.

If it assume my noble father's person . Shak.

Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined. Milton.

3. , self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child.

Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection. Locke.

4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any person present .

5. A parson; the parish priest. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

6. (Theol.) Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis. "Three persons and one God."

Bk. of Com. Prayer.

7. (Gram.) One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking, that of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the subject.

&hand; A noun or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is said to be in the first person ; when representing what is spoken to, in the second person ; when representing what is spoken of, in the third person .

8. (Biol.) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals.

Haeckel.

True corms, composed of united person\'91 . . . usually arise by gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct persons . Encyc. Brit.

Artificial , &or; Fictitious , person (Law) , a corporation or body politic. blackstone . <-- = legal person --> -- Natural person (Law) , a man, woman, or child, in distinction from a corporation. -- In person , by one's self; with bodily presence; not by representative. "The king himself in person is set forth." Shak . -- In the person of , in the place of; acting for. Shak .

Person <Xpage=1070>

Per"son (?) , v. t. To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate. [Obs.]

Milton.

Persona <Xpage=1070>

Per*so"na (?) , n. ; pl. Person\'91 (#) . [L.] (Biol.) Same as Person , n. , 8.

Personable <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*a*ble (?) , a. 1. Having a well-formed body, or person; graceful; comely; of good appearance; presentable; as, a personable man or woman .

Wise, warlike, personable , courteous, and kind. Spenser.

The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not personable . E. Hall.

2. (Law) (a) Enabled to maintain pleas in court. Cowell . (b) Having capacity to take anything granted.

Personage <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*age (?) , n. [F. personnage .] 1. Form, appearance, or belongings of a person; the external appearance, stature, figure, air, and the like, of a person. "In personage stately."

Hayward.

The damsel well did view his personage . Spenser.

2. Character assumed or represented. "The actors and personages of this fable." Broome . "Disguised in a false personage ." Addison .

3. A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious or peculiar character; as, an illustrious personage ; a comely personage of stature tall.

Spenser.

Personal <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*al (?) , a. [L. personalis : cf. F. personnel .] 1. Pertaining to human beings as distinct from things.

Every man so termed by way of personal difference. Hooker.

2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to private concerns; not public or general; as, personal comfort; personal desire.

The words are conditional, -- If thou doest well, -- and so personal to Cain. Locke.

3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; as, personal charms .

Addison.

4. Done in person; without the intervention of another. " Personal communication."

Fabyan.

The immediate and personal speaking of God. White.

5. Relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; as, personal reflections or remarks .

6. (Gram.) Denoting person; as, a personal pronoun .

Personal action (Law) , a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property, or the specific recovery of goods or chattels; -- opposed to real action . -- Personal equation . (Astron.) See under Equation . -- Personal estate &or; property (Law) , movables; chattels; -- opposed to real estate or property . It usually consists of things temporary and movable, including all subjects of property not of a freehold nature. -- Personal identity (Metaph.) , the persistent and continuous unity of the individual person, which is attested by consciousness. -- Personal pronoun (Gram.) , one of the pronouns I , thou , he , she , it , and their plurals. -- Personal representatives (Law) , the executors or administrators of a person deceased. -- Personal rights , rights appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a personal security, personal liberty, and private property. -- Personal tithes . See under Tithe . -- Personal verb (Gram.) , a verb which is modified or inflected to correspond with the three persons.

Personal <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*al , n. (Law) A movable; a chattel.

Personalism <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*al*ism (?) , n. The quality or state of being personal; personality. [R.]

Personality <Xpage=1070>

Per`son*al"i*ty (?) , n. ; pl. Personalities (#) . [Cf. F. personnalit\'82 . Cf. Personality .] 1. That which constitutes distinction of person; individuality.

Personality is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature as a ground. Coleridge.

2. Something said or written which refers to the person, conduct, etc., of some individual, especially something of a disparaging or offensive nature; personal remarks; as, indulgence in personalities .

Sharp personalities were exchanged. Macaulay.

3. (Law) That quality of a law which concerns the condition, state, and capacity of persons.

Burrill.

Personalize <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*al*ize (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Personalized (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Personalizing (?) .] To make personal. "They personalize death."

H. Spencer.

Personally <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*al*ly , adv. 1. In a personal manner; by bodily presence; in person; not by representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter personally .

He, being cited, personally came not. Grafton.

2. With respect to an individual; as regards the person; individually; particularly.

She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally to the king. Bacon.

3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; as, personally I have no feeling in the matter .

Personalty <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*al*ty (?) , n. 1. The state of being a person; personality. [R.]

2. (Law) Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real property.

Personate <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*ate (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Personated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Personating (?) .] [L. personare to cry out, LL., to extol. See Person .] To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.]

In fable, hymn, or song so personating Their gods ridiculous. Milton.

Personate <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*ate , v. t. [L. personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr. persona a mask. See Person .] 1. To assume the character of; to represent by a fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to counterfeit; to feign; as, he tried to personate his brother; a personated devotion.

Hammond.

2. To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask. [R.] "A personated mate."

Milton.

3. To personify; to typify; to describe.

Shak.

Personate <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*ate , v. i. To play or assume a character.

Personate <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*ate (?) , a. [L. personatus masked.] (Bot.) Having the throat of a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of the lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon.

Personation <Xpage=1070>

Per`son*a"tion (?) , n. The act of personating, or conterfeiting the person or character of another.

Personator <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*a`tor (?) , n. One who personates. "The personators of these actions."

B. Jonson.

Personeity <Xpage=1070>

Per`son*e"i*ty (?) , n. Personality. [R.]

Coleridge.

Personification <Xpage=1070>

Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?) , n. [Cf. F. personnification .] 1. The act of personifying; impersonation; embodiment.

C. Knight.

2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality; prosopop<?/ia; as, the floods clap their hands . "Confusion heards his voice."

Milton.

Personifier <Xpage=1070>

Per*son"i*fi`er (?) , n. One who personifies.

Personify <Xpage=1070>

Per*son"i*fy (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Personified (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Personifying (?) .] [ Person + -fy : cf. F. personnifier .] 1. To regard, treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a rational being.

The poets take the liberty of personifying inanimate things. Chesterfield.

2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he personifies the law .

Personize <Xpage=1070>

Per"son*ize (?) , v. t. To personify. [R.]

Milton has personized them. J. Richardson.

Personnel <Xpage=1070>

Per`son`nel" (?) , n. [F. See Personal .] The body of persons employed in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished from mat\'82riel .

Perspective <Xpage=1070>