Chapter 113

Au"gust (?) , n. [L. Augustus . See note below, and August , a. ] The eighth month of the year, containing thirty-one days.

&hand; The old Roman name was Sextilis , the sixth month from March, the month in which the primitive Romans, as well as Jews, began the year. The name was changed to August in honor of Augustus C\'91sar, the first emperor of Rome, on account of his victories, and his entering on his first consulate in that month.

Augustan <Xpage=101>

Au*gus"tan (?) , a. [L. Augustanus , fr. Augustus . See August , n. ] 1. Of or pertaining to Augustus C\'91sar or to his times.

2. Of or pertaining to the town of Augsburg.

Augustan age of any national literature, the period of its highest state of purity and refinement; -- so called because the reign of Augustus C\'91sar was the golden age of Roman literature. Thus the reign of Louis XIV. (b. 1638) has been called the Augustan age of French literature, and that of Queen Anne (b. 1664) the Augustan age of English literature. -- Augustan confession (Eccl. Hist.) , or confession of Augsburg, drawn up at Augusta Vindelicorum , or Augsburg, by Luther and Melanchthon, in 1530, contains the principles of the Protestants, and their reasons for separating from the Roman Catholic church.

Augustine, Augustinian <Xpage=101>

Au*gus"tine (?) , Au`gus*tin"i*an (?) , n. (Eccl.) A member of one of the religious orders called after St. Augustine; an Austin friar.

Augustinian <Xpage=101>

Au`gus*tin"i*an , a. Of or pertaining to St. Augustine, bishop of Hippo in Northern Africa (b. 354 -- d. 430), or to his doctrines.

Augustinian canons , an order of monks once popular in England and Ireland; -- called also regular canons of St. Austin , and black canons . -- Augustinian hermits or Austin friars , an order of friars established in 1265 by Pope Alexander IV. It was introduced into the United States from Ireland in 1790. -- Augustinian nuns , an order of nuns following the rule of St. Augustine. -- Augustinian rule , a rule for religious communities based upon the 109th letter of St. Augustine, and adopted by the Augustinian orders. <-- sic original was "Regular canons of St. Austin".?? Not St. Augustine? -->

Augustinian <Xpage=101>

Au`gus*tin"i*an , n. One of a class of divines, who, following St. Augustine, maintain that grace by its nature is effectual absolutely and creatively, not relatively and conditionally.

Augustinianism, Augustinism <Xpage=101>

Au`gus*tin"i*an*ism (?) , Au*gus"tin*ism , n. The doctrines held by Augustine or by the Augustinians.

Augustly <Xpage=101>

Au*gust"ly , adv. In an august manner.

Augustness <Xpage=101>

Au*gust"ness , n. The quality of being august; dignity of mien; grandeur; magnificence.

Auk <Xpage=101>

Auk (?) , n. [Prov. E. alk ; akin to Dan. alke , Icel. & Sw. alka .] (Zo\'94l.) A name given to various species of arctic sea birds of the family Alcid\'91 . The great auk, now extinct, is Alca (&or; Plautus) impennis . The razor-billed auk is A. torda . See Puffin , Guillemot , and Murre .

Aukward <Xpage=101>

Auk"ward (?) , a. See Awkward . [Obs.]

Aularian <Xpage=101>

Au*la"ri*an (?) , a. [L. aula hall. Cf. LL. aularis of a court.] Relating to a hall.

Aularian <Xpage=101>

Au*la"ri*an , n. At Oxford, England, a member of a hall, distinguished from a collegian.

Chalmers.

Auld <Xpage=101>

Auld (?) , a. [See Old .] Old; as, Auld Reekie (old smoky), i. e. , Edinburgh . [Scot. & Prov. Eng.]

Auld lang syne <Xpage=101>

Auld` lang syne" (?) . A Scottish phrase used in recalling recollections of times long since past. "The days of auld lang syne ."

Auletic <Xpage=101>

Au*let"ic (?) , a. [L. auleticus , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ flute.] Of or pertaining to a pipe (flute) or piper. [R.]

Ash.

Aulic <Xpage=101>

Au"lic , a. [L. aulicus , Gr. <?/, fr. <?/ hall, court, royal court.] Pertaining to a royal court.

Ecclesiastical wealth and aulic dignities. Landor.

Aulic council (Hist.) , a supreme court of the old German empire; properly the supreme court of the emperor. It ceased at the death of each emperor, and was renewed by his successor. It became extinct when the German empire was dissolved, in 1806. The term is now applied to a council of the war department of the Austrian empire, and the members of different provincial chanceries of that empire are called aulic councilors .

P. Cyc.

Aulic <Xpage=101>

Au"lic , n. The ceremony observed in conferring the degree of doctor of divinity in some European universities. It begins by a harangue of the chancellor addressed to the young doctor, who then receives the cap, and presides at the disputation (also called the aulic ).

Auln <Xpage=101>

Auln (?) , n. An ell. [Obs.] See Aune .

Aulnage, Aulnager <Xpage=101>

Aul"nage (?) , Aul"na*ger (?) , n. See Alnage and Alnager .

Aum <Xpage=101>

Aum (?) , n. Same as Aam .

Aumail <Xpage=101>

Au*mail" (?) , v. t. [OE. for amel , enamel .] To figure or variegate. [Obs.]

Spenser.

Aumbry <Xpage=101>

Aum"bry (?) , n. Same as Ambry .

Aumery <Xpage=101>

Au"me*ry (?) , n. A form of Ambry , a closet; but confused with Almonry , as if a place for alms .

Auncel <Xpage=101>

Aun"cel (?) , n. A rude balance for weighing, and a kind of weight, formerly used in England.

Halliwell.

Auncetry <Xpage=101>

Aun"cet*ry (?) , n. Ancestry. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Aune <Xpage=101>

Aune (?) , n. [F. See Alnage .] A French cloth measure, of different parts of the country (at Paris, 0.95 of an English ell); -- now superseded by the meter .

Aunt <Xpage=101>

Aunt (?) , n. [OF. ante , F. tante , L. amita father's sister. Cf. Amma .] 1. The sister of one's father or mother; -- correlative to nephew or niece . Also applied to an uncle's wife.

&hand; Aunt is sometimes applied as a title or term of endearment to a kind elderly woman not thus related.

2. An old woman; and old gossip. [Obs.]

Shak.

3. A bawd, or a prostitute. [Obs.]

Shak.

Aunt Sally , a puppet head placed on a pole and having a pipe in its mouth; also a game, which consists in trying to hit the pipe by throwing short bludgeons at it.

Auntter <Xpage=101>

Aunt"ter (?) , n. Adventure; hap. [Obs.]

In aunters , perchance.

Aunter, Auntre <Xpage=101>

Aun"ter , Aun"tre (?) , v. t. [See Adventure .] To venture; to dare. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Auntie, Aunty <Xpage=101>

Aunt"ie , Aunt"y (?) , n. A familiar name for an aunt. In the southern United States a familiar term applied to aged negro women.

Auntrous <Xpage=101>

Aun"trous (?) , a. Adventurous. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Aura <Xpage=101>

Au"ra (?) , n. ; pl. Aur\'91 (<?/) . [L. aura air, akin to Gr. <?/.] 1. Any subtile, invisible emanation, effluvium, or exhalation from a substance, as the aroma of flowers, the odor of the blood, a supposed fertilizing emanation from the pollen of flowers, etc.

2. (Med.) The peculiar sensation, as of a light vapor, or cold air, rising from the trunk or limbs towards the head, a premonitory symptom of epilepsy or hysterics.

Electric ~ , a supposed electric fluid, emanating from an electrified body, and forming a mass surrounding it, called the electric atmosphere . See Atmosphere , 2.

Aural <Xpage=101>

Au"ral (?) , a. [L. aura air.] Of or pertaining to the air, or to an aura.

Aural <Xpage=101>

Au"ral , a. [L. auris ear.] Of or pertaining to the ear; as, aural medicine and surgery .

Aurantiaceous <Xpage=101>

Au*ran`ti*a"ceous (?) , a. Pertaining to, or resembling, the Aurantiace\'91 , an order of plants (formerly considered natural), of which the orange is the type.

Aurate <Xpage=101>

Au"rate (?) , n. [L. auratus , p. p. of aurare to gild, fr. aurum gold: cf. F. aurate .] (Chem.) A combination of auric acid with a base; as, aurate or potassium .

Aurated <Xpage=101>

Au"ra*ted (?) , a. [See Aurate .] 1. Resembling or containing gold; gold-colored; gilded.

2. (Chem.) Combined with auric acid.

Aurated <Xpage=101>

Au"ra*ted (?) , a. Having ears. See Aurited .

Aureate <Xpage=101>

Au"re*ate (?) , a. [L. aureatus , fr. aureus golden, fr. aurum gold.] Golden; gilded.

Skelton.

Aurelia <Xpage=101>

Au*re"li*a (?; 106) , n. [NL., fr. L. aurum gold: cf. F. aur\'82lie . Cf. Chrysalis .] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The chrysalis, or pupa of an insect, esp. when reflecting a brilliant golden color, as that of some of the butterflies. (b) A genus of jellyfishes. See Discophora .

Aurelian <Xpage=101>

Au*re"li*an (?) , a. Of or pertaining to the aurelia.

Aurelian <Xpage=101>

Au*re"li*an , n. An amateur collector and breeder of insects, esp. of butterflies and moths; a lepidopterist.

Aureola, Aureole <Xpage=101>

Au*re"o*la (?) , Au"re*ole (?) , n. [F. aur\'82ole , fr. L. aureola , (fem adj.) of gold (sc. corona crown), dim. of aureus . See Aureate , Oriole .] 1. (R. C. Theol.) A celestial crown or accidental glory added to the bliss of heaven, as a reward to those (as virgins, martyrs, preachers, etc.) who have overcome the world, the flesh, and the devil.

2. The circle of rays, or halo of light, with which painters surround the figure and represent the glory of Christ, saints, and others held in special reverence.

&hand; Limited to the head, it is strictly termed a nimbus ; when it envelops the whole body, an aureola .

Fairholt.

3. A halo, actual or figurative.

The glorious aureole of light seen around the sun during total eclipses. Proctor.

The aureole of young womanhood. O. W. Holmes.

4. (Anat.) See Areola , 2.

Auric <Xpage=101>

Au"ric (?) , a. [L. aurum gold.] 1. Of or pertaining to gold.

2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, gold; -- said of those compounds of gold in which this element has its higher valence; as, auric oxide; auric chloride.

Aurichalceous <Xpage=101>

Au`ri*chal"ce*ous (?) , a. [L. aurichalcum , for orichalcum brass.] (Zo\'94l.) Brass-colored.

Aurichalcite <Xpage=101>

Au`ri*chal"cite (?) , n. [See Aurichalceous .] (Min.) A hydrous carbonate of copper and zinc, found in pale green or blue crystalline aggregations. It yields a kind of brass on reduction.

Auricle <Xpage=101>

Au"ri*cle (?) , n. [L. auricula , dim. of auris ear. See Ear .] 1. (Anat.) (a) The external ear, or that part of the ear which is prominent from the head. (b) The chamber, or one of the two chambers, of the heart, by which the blood is received and transmitted to the ventricle or ventricles; -- so called from its resemblance to the auricle or external ear of some quadrupeds. See Heart .

2. (Zo\'94l.) An angular or ear-shaped lobe.

3. An instrument applied to the ears to give aid in hearing; a kind of ear trumpet.

Mansfield.

Auricled <Xpage=101>

Au"ri*cled (?) , a. Having ear-shaped appendages or lobes; auriculate; as, auricled leaves .

Auricula <Xpage=101>

Au*ric"u*la (?) , n. ; pl. L. Auricul\'91 (<?/) , E. Auriculas (<?/) . [L. auricula . See Auricle .] 1. (Bot.) (a) A species of Primula , or primrose, called also, from the shape of its leaves, bear's-ear . (b) (b) A species of Hirneola (H. auricula) , a membranaceous fungus, called also auricula Jud\'91 , or Jew's-ear .

P. Cyc.

2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A genus of air-breathing mollusks mostly found near the sea, where the water is brackish (b) One of the five arched processes of the shell around the jaws of a sea urchin.

<-- p. 102 -->

Auricular <Xpage=102>

Au*ric"u*lar (?) , a. [LL. auricularis : cf. F. auriculaire . See Auricle .] 1. Of or pertaining to the ear, or to the sense of hearing; as, auricular nerves .

2. Told in the ear, i. e. , told privately; as, auricular confession to the priest .

This next chapter is a penitent confession of the king, and the strangest . . . that ever was auricular . Milton.

3. Recognized by the ear; known by the sense of hearing; as, auricular evidence . " Auricular assurance."

Shak.

4. Received by the ear; known by report. " Auricular traditions."

Bacon.

5. (Anat.) Pertaining to the auricles of the heart.

Auricular finger , the little finger; so called because it can be readily introduced into the ear passage.

Auricularia <Xpage=102>

Au*ric`u*la"ri*a (?) , n. pl. [Neut. pl., fr. LL. auricularis .] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of holothurian larva, with soft, blunt appendages. See Illustration in Appendix.

Auricularly <Xpage=102>

Au*ric"u*lar*ly , adv. In an auricular manner.

Auriculars <Xpage=102>

Au*ric"u*lars (?) , n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) A circle of feathers surrounding the opening of the ear of birds.

Auriculate, Auriculated <Xpage=102>

Au*ric"u*late (?) , Au*ric"u*la`ted (?) , a. [See Auricle .] (Biol.) Having ears or appendages like ears; eared. Esp.: (a) (Bot.) Having lobes or appendages like the ear; shaped like the ear; auricled. (b) (Zo\'94l.) Having an angular projection on one or both sides, as in certain bivalve shells, the foot of some gastropods, etc.

Auriculate leaf , one having small appended leaves or lobes on each side of its petiole or base.

Auriferous <Xpage=102>

Au*rif"er*ous (?) , a. [L. aurifer ; aurum gold + ferre to bear: cf. F. aurif\'8are .] Gold-bearing; containing or producing gold.

Whence many a bursting stream auriferous plays. Thomson.

\'f7 pyrites , iron pyrites (iron disulphide), containing some gold disseminated through it.

Auriflamme <Xpage=102>

Au"ri*flamme (?) , n. See Oriflamme .

Auriform <Xpage=102>

Au"ri*form (?) , a. [L. auris ear + -form .] Having the form of the human ear; ear-shaped.

Auriga <Xpage=102>

Au*ri"ga (?) , n. [L., charioteer.] (Anat.) The Charioteer, or Wagoner, a constellation in the northern hemisphere, situated between Perseus and Gemini. It contains the bright star Capella.

Aurigal <Xpage=102>

Au*ri"gal (?) , a. [L. aurigalis .] Of or pertaining to a chariot. [R.]

Aurigation <Xpage=102>

Au`ri*ga"tion (?) , n. [L. aurigatio , fr. aurigare to be a charioteer, fr. auriga .] The act of driving a chariot or a carriage. [R.]

De Quincey.

Aurigraphy <Xpage=102>

Au*rig"ra*phy (?) , n. [L. aurum gold + -graphy .] The art of writing with or in gold.

Aurin <Xpage=102>

Au"rin (?) , n. [L. aurum gold.] (Chem.) A red coloring matter derived from phenol; -- called also, in commerce, yellow coralin .

Auriphrygiate <Xpage=102>

Au`ri*phryg"i*ate (?) , a. [LL. auriphrigiatus ; L. aurum gold + LL. phrygiare to adorn with Phrygian needlework, or with embroidery; perhaps corrupted from some other word. Cf. Orfrays .] Embroidered or decorated with gold. [R.]

Southey.

Auripigment <Xpage=102>

Au`ri*pig"ment (?) , n. See Orpiment . [Obs.]

Auriscalp <Xpage=102>

Au"ri*scalp (?) , n. [L. auris ear + scalpere to scrape.] An earpick.

Auriscope <Xpage=102>

Au"ri*scope (?) , n. [L. auris + -scope .] (Med.) An instrument for examining the condition of the ear.

Auriscopy <Xpage=102>

Au*ris"co*py (?) , n. Examination of the ear by the aid of the auriscope.

Aurist <Xpage=102>

Au"rist (?) , n. [L. auris ear.] One skilled in treating and curing disorders of the ear.

Aurited <Xpage=102>

Au"ri*ted (?) , a. [L. auritus , fr. auris ear.] (Zo\'94l.) Having lobes like the ear; auriculate.

Aurivorous <Xpage=102>

Au*riv"o*rous (?) , a. [L. aurum gold + vorare to devour.] Gold-devouring. [R.]

H. Walpole.

Aurocephalous <Xpage=102>

Au`ro*ceph"a*lous (?) , a. [ Aurum + cephalous .] (Zo\'94l.) Having a gold-colored head.

Aurochloride <Xpage=102>

Au`ro*chlo"ride (?) , n. [ Aurum + chloride .] (Chem.) The trichloride of gold combination with the chloride of another metal, forming a double chloride; -- called also chloraurate .

Aurochs <Xpage=102>

Au"rochs (?) , n. [G. auerochs , OHG. <?/rohso ; <?/r (cf. AS. <?/r ) + ohso ox, G. ochs . Cf. Owre , Ox .] (Zo\'94l.) The European bison (Bison bonasus, or Europ\'91us) , once widely distributed, but now nearly extinct, except where protected in the Lithuanian forests, and perhaps in the Caucasus. It is distinct from the Urus of C\'91sar, with which it has often been confused.

Aurocyanide <Xpage=102>

Au`ro*cy"a*nide (?) , n. [ Aurum + cyanide .] (Chem.) A double cyanide of gold and some other metal or radical; -- called also cyanaurate .

Aurora <Xpage=102>

Au*ro"ra (?) , n. ; pl. E. Auroras (<?/) , L. (rarely used) Auror\'91 (<?/) . [L. aurora , for ausosa , akin to Gr. <?/, <?/, dawn, Skr. ushas , and E. east .] 1. The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises.

2. The rise, dawn, or beginning.

Hawthorne.