Chapter 1128

Pep`to*gen"ic (?) , a. Same as Peptogenous .

Peptogenous <Xpage=1063>

Pep*tog"e*nous (?) , a. (Physiol. Chem.) Capable of yielding, or being converted into, peptone.

Peptohydrochloric <Xpage=1063>

Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?) , a. [See Peptone , and Hydrochloric .] (Physiol. Chem.) Designating a hypothetical acid (called peptohydrochloric acid , pepsinhydrochloric acid , and chloropeptic acid) which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4 per cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together.

Peptone <Xpage=1063>

Pep"tone (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ cooked.] (Physiol. Chem.) (a) The soluble and diffusible substance or substances into which albuminous portions of the food are transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic juices. Peptones are also formed from albuminous matter by the action of boiling water and boiling dilute acids. (b) Collectively, in a broader sense, all the products resulting from the solution of albuminous matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case, however, intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as antialbumose , hemialbumose , etc., are mixed with the true peptones. Also termed albuminose . <-- soluble polypeptides produced by hydrolysis of protein -->

&hand; Pure peptones are of three kinds, amphopeptone , antipeptone , and hemipeptone , and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not precipitated by saturating their solutions with ammonium sulphate.

Peptonize <Xpage=1063>

Pep"to*nize (?) , v. t. (Physiol.) To convert into peptone; to digest or dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as, peptonized food .

Peptonoid <Xpage=1063>

Pep"to*noid (?) , n. [ Peptone + -oid .] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance related to peptone.

Peptonuria <Xpage=1063>

Pep`to*nu"ri*a (?) , n. [NL. See Peptone , and Urine .] (Med.) The presence of peptone, or a peptonelike body, in the urine. <-- not in Stedman's. Superseded by proteinuria? -->

Peptotoxine <Xpage=1063>

Pep`to*tox"ine (?) , n. [ Pepto ne + tox ic + -ine .] (Physiol. Chem.) A toxic alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid.

Pequots <Xpage=1063>

Pe"quots (?) , n. pl. ; sing. Pequot (<?/) . (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut. [Written also Pequods .]

Per- <Xpage=1063>

Per- (?) . [See Per .] 1. A prefix used to signify through , throughout , by , for , or as an intensive as per haps, by hap or chance; per ennial, that lasts throughout the year; per force, through or by force; per foliate, per forate; per spicuous, evident throughout or very evident; per plex, literally, to entangle very much.

2. (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its highest valence ; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in other similar compounds; thus, barium per oxide is the highest oxide of barium; while nitrogen and manganese per oxides, so-called, are not the highest oxides of those elements.

Per <Xpage=1063>

Per (?) , prep. [L. Cf. Far , For- , Pardon , and cf. Par , prep .] Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself . Per is also sometimes used with English words.

Per annum , by the year; in each successive year; annually. -- Per cent , Per centum , by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per cent . <-- commonly symbolized with the per cent sign, % --> -- Per diem , by the day. [For other phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from Foreign Languages, in the Supplement.]

Peract <Xpage=1063>

Per*act" (?) , v. t. [L. peractus , p.p. of peragere .] To go through with; to perform. [Obs.]

Sylvester.

Peracute <Xpage=1063>

Per`a*cute" (?) , a. [L. peracutus . See Per- , and Acute .] Very sharp; very violent; as, a peracute fever . [R.]

Harvey.

Peradventure <Xpage=1063>

Per`ad*ven"ture (?) , adv. & conj. [OE. per aventure , F. par aventure . See Per , and Adventure .] By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing. "If peradventure he speak against me."

Shak.

Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city. Gen. xviii. 24.

Peradventure <Xpage=1063>

Per`ad*ven"ture , n. Chance; hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved beyond peradventure .

South.

Per\'91opod <Xpage=1063>

Pe*r\'91"o*pod (?) , n. [Gr. <?/ on the opposite side + -pod .] (Zo\'94l.) One of the thoracic legs of a crustacean. See Illust . of Crustacea .

Peragrate <Xpage=1063>

Per"a*grate (?) , v. t. [L. peragratus , p.p. of peragrate .] To travel over or through. [Obs.]

Peragration <Xpage=1063>

Per`agra"tion (?) , n. [L. peragratio : cf. F. peragration .] The act or state of passing through any space; as, the peragration of the moon in her monthly revolution . [Obs.]

Sir T. Browne.

Perambulate <Xpage=1063>

Per*am"bu*late (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Perambulated (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Perambulating .] [L. perambulatus , p.p. of perambulare to perambulate; per through + ambulare to walk. See Per- , and Amble .] To walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically, to inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish, by walking over the whole line.

Perambulate <Xpage=1063>

Per*am"bu*late , v. i. To walk about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he perambulated in the park .

Perambulation <Xpage=1063>

Per*am`bu*la"tion (?) , n. 1. The act of perambulating; traversing.

Bacon.

2. An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest, etc.

3. A district within which one is authorized to make a tour of inspection. "The . . . bounds of his own perambulation ." [Obs.]

Holyday.

Perambulator <Xpage=1063>

Per*am"bu*la`tor (?) , n. 1. One who perambulates.

2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a wheel arranged to roll along over the ground, with an apparatus of clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown by an index. See Odometer .

3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing.

Perameles <Xpage=1063>

Per`a*me"les (?) , n. [NL., fr. Gr. <?/ a pouch + L. meles a badger.] (Zo\'94l.) Any marsupial of the genus Perameles , which includes numerous species found in Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size and form. See Illust . under Bandicoot .

Perbend <Xpage=1063>

Per"bend (?) , n. See Perpender .

Perbreak <Xpage=1063>

Per"break` (?) , n. [Obs.] See Parbreak .

Perbromate <Xpage=1063>

Per*bro"mate (?) , n. (Chem.) A salt of perbromic acid.

Perbromic <Xpage=1063>

Per*bro"mic (?) , a. [Pref. per- + bromic .] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid, HBrO4 , of bromine.

Perbromide <Xpage=1063>

Per*bro"mide (?) , n. (Chem.) A bromide having a higher proportion of bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or series.

Perca <Xpage=1063>

Per"ca (?) , n. [L., a perch.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of fishes, including the fresh-water perch.

Percale <Xpage=1063>

Per`cale" (?) , n. [F.] A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish, and often printed on one side, -- used for women's and children's wear.

Percaline <Xpage=1063>

Per`ca`line" (?) , n. [F.] A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually of one color.

Percarbide <Xpage=1063>

Per*car"bide (?) , n. [Pref. per- + carbide .] (Chem.) A compound containing a relatively large amount of carbon. [R.]

Percarburet <Xpage=1063>

Per*car"bu*ret (?) , n. [Pref. per- + carburet .] (Chem.) A percarbide. [Obsoles.]

Percarbureted <Xpage=1063>

Per*car"bu*ret`ed , a. (Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount of carbon.

Percase <Xpage=1063>

Per*case" (?) , adv. [OE. per cas . See Parcase .] Perhaps; perchance. [Obs.]

Bacon.

Perce <Xpage=1063>

Perce (?) , v. t. To pierce. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Perceivable <Xpage=1063>

Per*ceiv"a*ble (?) , a. Capable of being perceived; perceptible. -- Per*ceiv"a*bly , adv.

Perceivance <Xpage=1063>

Per*ceiv"ance (?) , n. Power of perceiving. [Obs.] "The senses and common perceivance ."

Milton.

Perceive <Xpage=1063>

Per*ceive" (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Perceived (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Perceiving .] [OF. percevoir , perceveir , L. percipere , perceptum ; per (see Per- ) + capere to take, receive. See Capacious , and cf. Perception .] 1. To obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive impressions from by means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of the existence, character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to see, hear, or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to perceive a discord.

Reid.

2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to be convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern; to see; to understand.

Jesus perceived their wickedness. Matt. xxii. 18.

You may, fair lady, Perceive I speak sincerely. Shak.

Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our own understandings, we are still in the dark. Locke.

3. To be affected of influented by. [R.]

The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter of tempests before the air here below. Bacon.

Syn. -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand. -- To Perceive , Discern . To perceive a thing is to apprehend it as presented to the senses or the intellect; to discern is to mark differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around it. We may perceive two persons afar off without being able to discern whether they are men or women. Hence, discern is often used of an act of the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating, analytical attention. We perceive that which is clear or obvious; we discern that which requires much attention to get an idea of it. "We perceive light, darkness, colors, or the truth or falsehood of anything. We discern characters, motives, the tendency and consequences of actions, etc."

Crabb.

<page="1064"> Page 1064

Perceiver <Xpage=1064>

Per*ceiv"er (?) , n. One who perceives (in any of the senses of the verb).

Milton.

Percely <Xpage=1064>

Perce"ly (?) , n. Parsley. [Obs.]

Chaucer.

Percentage <Xpage=1064>

Per*cent"age (?) , n. [ Per cent + -age , as in average. See Per , and Cent .] (Com.) A certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of interest, discount, or commission, on a hundred.

Percept <Xpage=1064>

Per"cept (?) , n. [From L. percipere , perceptum .] That which is perceived.

Sir W. Hamilton.

The modern discussion between percept and concept, the one sensuous, the other intellectual. Max M\'81ller.

Perceptibility <Xpage=1064>

Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. perceptibilit\'82 .] 1. The quality or state of being perceptible; as, the perceptibility of light or color .

2. Perception. [R.]

Dr. H. More.

Perceptible <Xpage=1064>

Per*cep"ti*ble (?) , a. [L. perceptibilis : cf. F. perceptible . See Perceive .] Capable of being perceived; cognizable; discernible; perceivable.

With a perceptible blast of the air. Bacon.

-- Per*cep"ti*ble*ness , n. -- Per*cep"ti*bly , adv.

Perception <Xpage=1064>

Per*cep"tion (?) , n. [L. perceptio : cf. F. perception . See Perceive .] 1. The act of perceiving; cognizance by the senses or intellect; apperhension by the bodily organs, or by the mind, of what is presented to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition.

2. (Metaph.) The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part, of man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending material objects or qualities through the senses; -- distinguished from conception .

Sir W. Hamilton.

Matter hath no life nor perception , and is not conscious of its own existence. Bentley.

3. The quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something external; sensation; sensibility. [Obs.]

This experiment discovereth perception in plants. Bacon.

4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.]

Sir M. Hale.

&hand; "The word perception is, in the language of philosophers previous to Reid, used in a very extensive signification. By Descartes, Malebranche, Locke, Leibnitz, and others, it is employed in a sense almost as unexclusive as consciousness , in its widest signification. By Reid this word was limited to our faculty acquisitive of knowledge, and to that branch of this faculty whereby, through the senses, we obtain a knowledge of the external world. But his limitation did not stop here. In the act of external perception he distinguished two elements, to which he gave the names of perception and sensation . He ought perhaps to have called these perception proper and sensation proper , when employed in his special meaning."

Sir W. Hamilton.

Perceptive <Xpage=1064>

Per*cep"tive (?) , a. [Cf. F. perceptif .] Of or pertaining to the act or power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving; used in perception. "His perceptive and reflective faculties."

Motley.

Perceptivity <Xpage=1064>

Per`cep*tiv"i*ty (?) , n. The quality or state of being perceptive; power of perception.

Locke.

Percesoces <Xpage=1064>

Per*ces"o*ces (?) , n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox , -ocis , a pike.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of fishes including the gray mullets ( Mugil ), the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So called from their relation both to perches and to pikes.

Perch <Xpage=1064>

Perch (?) , n. [Written also pearch .] [OE. perche , F. perche , L. perca , fr. Gr. <?/; cf. <?/ dark-colored, Skr. p<?/<?/ni spotted, speckled, and E. freckle .] (Zo\'94l.) 1. Any fresh-water fish of the genus Perca and of several other allied genera of the family Percid\'91 , as the common American or yellow perch ( Perca flavescens, &or; Americana ), and the European perch ( P. fluviatilis ).

2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to the Percid\'91 , Serranid\'91 , and related families, and resembling, more or less, the true perches.

Black perch . (a) The black bass . (b) The flasher . (c) The sea bass. -- Blue perch , the cunner. -- Gray perch , the fresh-water drum. -- Red perch , the rosefish. -- Red-bellied perch , the long-eared pondfish. -- Perch pest , a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the perch. -- Silver perch , the yellowtail. -- Stone , &or; Striped , perch , the pope. -- White perch , the Roccus, &or; Morone, Americanus , a small silvery serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast.

Perch <Xpage=1064>

Perch (?) , n. [F. perche , L. pertica .] 1. A pole; a long staff; a rod; esp., a pole or other support for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a roost; figuratively, any elevated resting place or seat.

As chauntecleer among his wives all Sat on his perche , that was in his hall. Chaucer.

Not making his high place the lawless perch Of winged ambitions. Tennyson.

2. (a) A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or pole. (b) In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an acre. (c) In solid measure: A mass 16<frac12/ feet long, 1 foot in height, and 1<frac12/ feet in breadth, or 24<frac34/ cubic feet (in local use, from 22 to 25 cubic feet); -- used in measuring stonework.

3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage; a reach.

Perch <Xpage=1064>

Perch , v. i. [ imp. & p. p. Perched (?) ; p. pr. & vb. n. Perching .] [F. percher . See Perch a pole.] To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or roost.

Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch . Shak.

Perch <Xpage=1064>

Perch , v. t. 1. To place or to set on, or as on, a perch.

2. To occupy as a perch.

Milton.

Perchance <Xpage=1064>

Per*chance" (?) , adv. [F. par by (L. per ) + chance . See Par , and Chance .] By chance; perhaps; peradventure.

Perchant <Xpage=1064>

Perch"ant (?) , n. [F.] A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to other birds by its fluttering.

Percher <Xpage=1064>

Perch"er (?) , n. [From Perch , v. i. ] 1. One who, or that which, perches.

J. Burroughs.

2. One of the Insessores.

3. [From Perch a pole.] A Paris candle anciently used in England; also, a large wax candle formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.]

Bailey.

Percheron <Xpage=1064>

Per"che*ron (?) , n. [F.] One of a breed of draught horses originating in Perche , an old district of France; -- called also Percheron-Norman .

Perchlorate <Xpage=1064>

Per*chlo"rate (?) , n. (Chem.) A salt of perchloric acid.

Perchloric <Xpage=1064>

Per*chlo"ric (?) , a. [Pref. per- + chloric .] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the highest oxygen acid ( HClO4 ), of chlorine; -- called also hyperchloric .

Perchloride <Xpage=1064>

Per*chlo"ride (?) , n. (Chem.) A chloride having a higher proportion of chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or series.