Chapter 1113

&hand; The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see Granadilla , and Maypop ). The roots and leaves are generally more or less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a few species are Asiatic or Australian.

Passion music (Mus.) , originally, music set to the gospel narrative of the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play , a mystery play, in which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are represented dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.) , the fifth Sunday in Lent, or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week , the last week but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week."

Shipley.

Syn. -- Passion , Feeling , Emotion . When any feeling or emotion completely masters the mind, we call it a passion ; as, a passion for music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called passion . The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its self-control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in question.

Passion <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion (?) , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Passioned (?) ; p.pr & vb. n. Passioning .] To give a passionate character to. [R.]

Keats.

Passion <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion , v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions , frantically she doteth."

Shak.

Passional <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion*al (?) , a. Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. -- n. A passionary.

Passionary <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion*a*ry (?) , n. [L. passionarius : cf. F. passionaire .] A book in which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs.

T. Warton.

Passionate <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion*ate (?) , a. [LL. passionatus : cf. F. passionn\'82 .] 1. Capable or susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature .

Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate . Prior.

2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship . "The passionate Pilgrim."

Shak.

3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.]

Shak.

Passionate <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion*ate (?) , v. i. 1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.]

Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen did passionate . Spenser.

2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.]

Shak.

Passionately <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion*ate*ly (?) , adv. 1. In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.

Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately . South.

2. Angrily; irascibly.

Locke.

Passionateness <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion*ate*ness , n. The state or quality of being passionate.

Passionist <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion*ist , n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted Clerks of the Most Holy Cross .

Passionless <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion*less (?) , a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless ."

Tennyson.

Passiontide <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sion*tide` (?) , n. [ Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of Lent.

Passive <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sive (?) , a. [L. passivus : cf. F. passif . See Passion .] 1. Not active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene .

The passive air Upbore their nimble tread. Milton.

The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple ideas. Locke.

2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission.

The best virtue, passive fortitude. Massinger.

3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red phosphorus is comparatively passive .

4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues.

Passive congestion (Med.) , congestion due to obstruction to the return of the blood from the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.) , iron which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive movement (Med.) , a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part. -- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the existing government. -- Passive prayer , among mystic divines, a suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. -- Passive verb , &or; Passive voice (Gram.) , a verb, or form of a verb, which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, doceor , I am taught; in English, she is loved ; the picture is admired by all; he is assailed by slander.

Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; enduring; submissive; patient.

Passively <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sive*ly , adv. 1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly.

2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice.

Passiveness <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sive*ness , n. The quality or state of being passive; unresisting submission.

To be an effect implies passiveness , or the being subject to the power and action of its cause. J. Edwards.

Passivity <Xpage=1049>

Pas*siv"i*ty (?) , n. [Cf. F. passivit\'82 .] 1. Passiveness; -- opposed to activity .

Jer. Taylor.

2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia.

Cheyne.

3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of any substance which has no inclination to chemical activity; inactivity.

Pass-key <Xpage=1049>

Pass"-key` (?) , n. A key for opening more locks than one; a master key.

Passless <Xpage=1049>

Pass"less , a. Having no pass; impassable.

Cowley.

Passman <Xpage=1049>

Pass"man (?) , n. ; pl. Passmen (<?/) . One who passes for a degree, without honors. See Classman , 2. [Eng. Univ.]

Passover <Xpage=1049>

Pass"o`ver (?) , n. [ Pass + over . See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the paschal lamb.

Ex. xii.

Pass-parole <Xpage=1049>

Pass`-pa*role" (?) , n. [F. passe-parole .] (Mil.) An order passed from front to rear by word of mouth.

Passport <Xpage=1049>

Pass"port (<?/) , n. [F. passeport , orig., a permission to leave a port or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass , and Port a harbor.] 1. Permission to pass; a document given by the competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by water.

Caution in granting passports to Ireland. Clarendon.

2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea letter.

3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and effects from a hostile country; a safe-conduct.

Burrill.

4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general acceptance.

Sir P. Sidney.

His passport is his innocence and grace. Dryden.

Passus <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sus (?) , n. ; pl. L. Passus , E. Passuses (<?/) . [L., a step, a pace. See Pace .] A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers Plowman . See 2d Fit .

Password <Xpage=1049>

Pass"word` (?) , n. A word to be given before a person is allowed to pass; a watchword; a countersign.

Macaulay.

Passymeasure <Xpage=1049>

Pas"sy*meas`ure (?) , n. [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo .] [Obs.] See Paspy .

Shak.

Past <Xpage=1049>

Past (?) , a. [From Pass , v. ] Of or pertaining to a former time or state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, past troubles; past offences. " Past ages."

Milton.

Past master . See under Master .

Past <Xpage=1049>

Past , n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past , at least, is secure."

D. Webster.

The present is only intelligible in the light of the past , often a very remote past indeed. Trench.

Past <Xpage=1049>

Past , prep. 1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the reach or influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19 . "Galled past endurance." Macaulay .

Until we be past thy borders. Num. xxi. 22.

Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame . L'Estrange.

<page="1050"> Page 1050

2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour .

Is it not past two o'clock? Shak.

3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.]

Not past three quarters of a mile. Shak.

Bows not past three quarters of a yard long. Spenser.

Past <Xpage=1050>

Past (?) , adv. By; beyond; as, he ran past .

The alarum of drums swept past . Longfellow.

Paste <Xpage=1050>

Paste (?) , n. [OF. paste , F. p\'83te , L. pasta , fr. Gr. <?/ barley broth; cf. <?/ barley porridge, <?/ sprinkled with salt, <?/ to sprinkle. Cf. Pasty , n. , Patty .] 1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in making potter's ware.

2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and the like; pastry dough.

3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or color.

4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass .

5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, or the like, with sugar, etc.

6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded.

Paste eel (Zo\'94l.) , the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar .

Paste <Xpage=1050>

Paste , v. t. [ imp. & p. p. Pasted ; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting .] To unite with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste.

Pasteboard <Xpage=1050>

Paste"board` (?) , n. 1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated and pressed into molds, etc.

2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board.

Pastel <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tel (?) , n. [F.; cf. It. pastello . Cf. Pastil .] 1. A crayon made of a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes incorrectly written pastil .] "Charming heads in pastel ."

W. Black.

2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye; the woad ( Isatis tinctoria ); also, the dye itself.

<--3. a drawing using pastel, or of a pastel shade. 4. the art or process of drawing with pastels. 5. any of various light or pale colors. 6. a light literary work, as a sketch. -->

Paster <Xpage=1050>

Past"er (?) , n. 1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government department .

2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot. [Cant, U.S.]

Pastern <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tern (?) , n. [Of. pasturon , F. p\'83turon , fr. OF. pasture a tether, for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture .] 1. The part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock and the coffin joint. See Illust . of Horse .

&hand; The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great pastern bone ; the second, the small pastern bone ; and the third, in the hoof, the coffin bone .

Pastern joint , the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, between the great and small pastern bones.

2. A shackle for horses while pasturing.

Knight.

3. A patten. [Obs.]

Dryden.

Pasteurism <Xpage=1050>

Pas*teur"ism (?) , n. [Fr. Pasteur , a French scientist.] 1. A method of treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain diseases, as hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an attenuated virus of gradually increasing strength.

2. Pasteurization.

Pasteurization <Xpage=1050>

Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?) , n. A process devised by Pasteur for preventing or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by exposure to a temperature of 140&deg; F., thus destroying the vitality of the contained germs or ferments.

Pasteurize <Xpage=1050>

Pas*teur"ize (?) , v. t. 1. To subject to pasteurization.

2. To treat by pasteurizm.

Pasticcio <Xpage=1050>

Pas*tic"ci*o (?) , n. [It., fr. pasta . See Paste .] 1. A medley; an olio. [R.]

H. Swinburne.

2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of art imitating directly the work of another artist, or of more artists than one. (b) A falsified work of art, as a vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts supplied.

Pastil, Pastille <Xpage=1050>

Pas"til (?) , Pas*tille" (?) , n. [F. pastille , L. pastillus a pastus food. See Pasture , and cf. Pastel .] 1. (Pharmacy) A small cone or mass made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used for fumigating or scenting the air of a room.

2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche.

3. See Pastel , a crayon.

Pastime <Xpage=1050>

Pas"time` (?) , n. [ Pass + time : cf. F. passetemps .] That which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion.

Pastime <Xpage=1050>

Pas"time` , v. i. To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.]

Pastor <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor (?) , n. [L., fr. pascere , pastum , to pasture, to feed. Cf. Pabulum , Pasture , Food .] 1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks and herds.

2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.) , a minister having the charge of a church and parish.

3. (Zo\'94l.) A species of starling ( Pastor roseus ), native of the plains of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts.

Pastorage <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor*age (?) , n. The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; pastorate.

Pastoral <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor*al (?) , a. [L. pastoralis : cf. F. pastoral . See Pastor .] 1. Of or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; as, a pastoral life .

2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as, pastoral duties; a pastoral letter.

Pastoral staff (Eccl.) , a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other prelate privileged to carry it. See Crook , and Crosier . -- Pastoral Theology , that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors.

Pastoral <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor*al (?) , n. 1. A poem describing the life and manners of shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic.

A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented by its effects on a country life. Rambler.

2. (Mus.) A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical composition the subject of which is taken from rural life.

Moore (Encyc. of Music).

3. (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.) , a letter of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish.

Pastorale <Xpage=1050>

Pas`to*ra"le (?) , n. [It.] 1. (Mus.) A composition in a soft, rural style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time.

2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance.

Pastorally <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor*al*ly (?) , adv. 1. In a pastoral or rural manner.

2. In the manner of a pastor.

Pastorate <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor*ate (?) , n. [Cf. F. pastorat . See Pastor .] The office, state, or jurisdiction of a pastor.

Pastorless <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor*less , a. Having no pastor.

Pastorling <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor*ling (?) , n. An insignificant pastor. [R.]

Pastorly <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor*ly , a. Appropriate to a pastor.

Milton.

Pastorship <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tor*ship , n. Pastorate.

Bp. Bull.

Pastry <Xpage=1050>

Pas"try (?) , n. ; pl. Pastries (<?/) . 1. The place where pastry is made. [Obs.]

Shak.

2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as pies, tarts, etc.

Pastry cook , one whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the pastry cook of a hotel .

Pasturable <Xpage=1050>

Pas"tur*a*ble (?) , a. Fit for pasture.

Pasturage <Xpage=1050>